scholarly journals Evaluation of Anti-microbial activity of methanolic extract of Costus igneus plant against multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3796-3806
Author(s):  
Rajani Chowdary Akkina ◽  
Payala Vijayalakshmi ◽  
Raaththika R
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Costus Igneus

Costus igneus plants are highly active against the majority of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms. The purpose of the current study was intended to evaluate the anti-microbial potential of methanolic extract of Costus igneus over multidrug-resistant bacteria, specifically to methicillin, vancomycin, carbapenems, colistin. The study also focused on the antifungal activity of the plant extract against Candida species. Phytochemical analysis was conducted to identify the presence of the active chemicals such as steroids, alkaloid, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, saponin, tannin, glycosides, quinones, coumarins and phenolic compounds using standard protocols. Anti-microbial activity of C. igneus was assessed through agar well diffusion technique and Minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC) by using multidrug-resistant Gram-positive microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative microorganisms (E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter species) and also Candida albicans. At 120mg/ml C.igneus plant extract concentration, maximum zone of inhibition was obtained with all the nine tested microorganisms and however the zone of inhibition was slighter with regular standard potential antibiotics like colistin, imipenem etc. Anti-microbials of plant origin possesses tremendous therapeutic potential as they can accomplish the requirements with fewer sideeffects that are routinely associated with synthetic anti-microbials. In this investigation, it was established that C. igneus leaf extract possesses excellent anti-microbial activity which can be attributed to the occurrence of phytochemicals. Further discovery of plant-derived anti-microbials should be continued to trim down the usage of powerful drugs which pose bad side effects.

scholarly journals Study of Aerobic Bacterial Etiology and Their Antibiogram from Pus Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-362
Author(s):  
T. Kanakadurgamba ◽  
Rama Lakshmi Koripella ◽  
B. Gowtham
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction: The spread of multidrug resistant bacteria has added a new angel to the problem of wound infections which are a major cause of morbidity. To avoid difficulty in treatment of such infections it is mandatory for every pus sample to undergo Culture and sensitivity. Aim: To isolate and study the antibiogram of the aerobic bacteria from pus samples. Materials and Methods: A total of 426 pus samples received from various wards in the Microbiology department. Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam were processed as per standard guidelines in the laboratory. All the aerobic bacterial isolates obtained were kept for antibiogram by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method as per CLSI Guidelines. Results: Out of 426 samples 394 (92.4%) were culture positive. Among culture positive samples 90.6% were pure cultures and 9.4% were mixed isolates. Gram negative bacilli were 72.8% of the total isolates and 27.2% were Gram positive cocci. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were the predominant isolates (30.3% and 28.9%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24%), Proteus species (9.7%) and Acinetobacter species (6.9%). Among Gram positive cocci Staphylococcus aureus (62.6%), Enterococci (20.5%) and Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (11.2%) and Streptococci (3.7%). GNB were more sensitive to Colistin (92%), Amikacin (86%), Imipenem and Meropenem (86% and 84.4%), Piperacillin Tazobactam (84%), Gentamycin (78%), Cefaperazone Sulbactam (76.2%) and Ciprofloxacin (56%). Gram positive cocci were sensitive to Linezolid and Teicoplanin (98% each), Vancomycin (96.2%), Clindamycin (84%), Gentamycin (79%), Azithromycin (76.4%), Ciprofloxacin (66%) and Amoxiclav (54%) out of 62.6% Staphylococcus aureus isolates 31.4% were MRSA and out of 72.8% of Gram negative bacilli 38.2% were ESBLS. Conclusion: As multidrug resistant bacterial strains are emerging in various infectious and pyogenic wound infection is most important cause of morbidity, it is important for a clinician to send all pus samples for microbiological analysis and their antibiogram before putting cases on antibiotics. Keywords: Pus samples, Multidrug resistance, Gram negative bacilli, Gram positive cocci, Antimicrobial sensitivity.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity assessment of petroleum ether and methanolic extracts of Achyranthes aspera Linn (Amaranthaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Preeti Mishra ◽  
Anita Sha ◽  
Poulami Bhakat ◽  
Sudipta Mondal ◽  
Animesh Kumar Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Achyranthus aspera is a common weed and known for various medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of different concentrations of methanolic and petroleum-ether leaf extracts of A. aspera against three gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus mitis) and six gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A (MTCC-3220), Shigella flexneri). The phytochemical screening of the leaf extract of the herb indicated the presence of flavonoides, tannins, saponins, polyphenolic compounds, alkaloids and glycosides. The methanolic extract at the highest concentration of 10 mg/ml showed prominent antibacterial activity in two gram-negative bacteria, i.e. K. pneumoniae and E. coli with 22 mm zone of inhibition and one gram-positive bacterium i.e. M. luteus with 19 mm zone of inhibition. The methanolic extract at 0.0781mg/ml concentration showed least antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria produced a zone of inhibition between 10 to 12 mm while petroleum ether extract of same concentration had moderate antibacterial activity against S. flexneri (15 mm zone of inhibition). It can be concluded that novel compounds like flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloid, and polyphenolic compounds in A. aspera leaves have potent antimicrobial property.

scholarly journals Sarconesin II, a New Antimicrobial Peptide Isolated from Sarconesiopsis magellanica Excretions and Secretions

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Díaz-Roa ◽  
Abraham Espinoza-Culupú ◽  
Orlando Torres-García ◽  
Monamaris M. Borges ◽  
Ivan N. Avino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Conserved Domain ◽  
Health Institutions

Antibiotic resistance is at dangerous levels and increasing worldwide. The search for new antimicrobial drugs to counteract this problem is a priority for health institutions and organizations, both globally and in individual countries. Sarconesiopsis magellanica blowfly larval excretions and secretions (ES) are an important source for isolating antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This study aims to identify and characterize a new S. magellanica AMP. RP-HPLC was used to fractionate ES, using C18 columns, and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated. The peptide sequence of the fraction collected at 43.7 min was determined by mass spectrometry (MS). Fluorescence and electronic microscopy were used to evaluate the mechanism of action. Toxicity was tested on HeLa cells and human erythrocytes; physicochemical properties were evaluated. The molecule in the ES was characterized as sarconesin II and it showed activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli MG1655, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, P. aeruginosa PA14) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Micrococcus luteus A270) bacteria. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration obtained was 1.9 μM for M. luteus A270; the AMP had no toxicity in any cells tested here and its action in bacterial membrane and DNA was confirmed. Sarconesin II was documented as a conserved domain of the ATP synthase protein belonging to the Fli-1 superfamily. The data reported here indicated that peptides could be alternative therapeutic candidates for use in infections against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and eventually as a new resource of compounds for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Increasing frequency of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 975-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Alexopoulou ◽  
Nikolaos Papadopoulos ◽  
Dimitrios G. Eliopoulos ◽  
Apostolia Alexaki ◽  
Athanasia Tsiriga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

scholarly journals Trends of Bloodstream Infections in a University Greek Hospital during a Three-Year Period: Incidence of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Seasonality in Gram-negative Predominance

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fevronia Kolonitsiou ◽  
Matthaios Papadimitriou-Olivgeris ◽  
Anastasia Spiliopoulou ◽  
Vasiliki Stamouli ◽  
Vasileios Papakostas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiology, the incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and bloodstream infections’ (BSIs) seasonality in a university hospital. This retrospective study was carried out in the University General Hospital of Patras, Greece, during 2011–13 y. Blood cultures from patients with clinical presentation suggestive of bloodstream infection were performed by the BacT/ALERT System. Isolates were identified by Vitek 2 Advanced Expert System. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method and E-test. Resistance genes (mecA in staphylococci; vanA/vanB/vanC in enterococci; blaKPC/blaVIM/blaNDM in Klebsiella spp.) were detected by PCR. In total, 4607 (9.7%) blood cultures were positive from 47451 sets sent to Department of Microbiology, representing 1732 BSIs. Gram-negative bacteria (52.3%) were the most commonly isolated, followed by Gram-positive (39.5%), fungi (6.6%) and anaerobes bacteria (1.8%). The highest contamination rate was observed among Gram-positive bacteria (42.3%). Among 330 CNS and 150 Staphylococcus aureus, 281 (85.2%) and 60 (40.0%) were mecA-positive, respectively. From 113 enterococci, eight were vanA, two vanB and two vanC-positives. Of the total 207 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (73.4%), 202 carried blaKPC, four blaKPC and blaVIM and one blaVIM. A significant increase in monthly BSIs’ incidence was shown (R2: 0.449), which may be attributed to a rise of Gram-positive BSIs (R2: 0.337). Gram-positive BSIs were less frequent in spring (P < 0.001), summer (P < 0.001), and autumn (P < 0.001), as compared to winter months, while Gram-negative bacteria (P < 0.001) and fungi (P < 0.001) were more frequent in summer months. BSIs due to methicillin resistant S. aureus and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria increased during the study period. The increasing incidence of BSIs can be attributed to an increase of Gram-positive BSI incidence, even though Gram-negative bacteria remained the predominant ones. Seasonality may play a role in the predominance of Gram-negative’s BSI.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of multidrug-resistant bacteria among intensive care units patients at Ain Shams University Hospitals in Egypt—a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha Alaa Eldin Fahim
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Overall Resistance

Abstract Background The nightmare of the rising numbers of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) requires the implementation of effective stewardship programs. However, this should be preceeded by making available  evidence-based knowledge regarding the local antimicrobial resistance pattern, which is fundamental. The aim of the current study is to determine the prevalence of MDRO among different Ain Shams University Hospitals (ASUHs) intensive care units (ICUs) and detect the resistance profile of the common pathogens. Results The 1-year records of a total of 1280 pathogens were studied. The highest number of pathogens were isolated from blood cultures (44.84%), followed by urine (41.41%) then wound swabs (13.75%). Gram-negative isolates (57.5%) were more prevalent than gram-positive ones (31.1%). The most frequently isolated pathogens were Klebsiella spp. (22.5%), Escherichia coli (13.4%), and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (12.5%). The highest percentage of resistance among gram-positive organisms was exhibited by penicillin (89.5%) followed by erythromycin (83.98%) and then cefoxitin (76.52%). None of the isolates showed resistance to linezolid and resistance to vancomycin was minimal (2.62%). Gram-negative isolates exhibited high overall resistance to all used antibiotic classes. The least frequency of resistance was recorded against nitrofurantoin (52.5%), amikacin (58.01%), followed by imipenem (59.78%) and meropenem (61.82%). All isolates of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter showed 100% susceptibility to colistin. Conclusions The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Ain Shams University Hospitals (ASUHs) was high among both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. This high resistance pattern foreshadows an inevitable catastrophe that requires continuous monitoring and implementation of effective antibiotic stewardship.

scholarly journals Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Profile and Patterns for Pus Isolates and Recurrent Wound Infections in Nongovernmental Hospitals of Jordan

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Hashem A. Abu-Harirah ◽  
Kawther Amawi ◽  
Ammar S. Ali Deeb ◽  
Haytham M. Daradka ◽  
Nawal Fares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
P Value ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Many types of infection can cause pus Infections involving the bacteria; E.coli, so the assessment of multidrug Bacterial profile and patterns is needed to understand the source and management of these injuries. Purpose: To determine infections and patterns toward antibiotics of pus isolates and recurrent wound infections in nongovernmental hospitals of Jordan Methods: During period eleven months, 607 Patients were involved, out of which 128 patients had pus samples and/or recurrent wound infections. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. P value was set at <0.05. Results: One hundred twenty eight (21.1%) out of 607 patients were identified to had pus isolates and/or wound recurrent infections 86(87%) out of 128 patients had infections with known pathogenic microbes. Microbiological culture pattern was total of 19 different pathogenic microorganisms were isolated from the participants, with mixed gram-positive and gram-negative species; percentage of 37% gram-positive aerobic bacteria and 63% gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Conclusion: The global burden from multidrug resistant bacteria highly impacted in wound and pus-causing infections, either in hospital acquired infections or community acquired infections. The main causative agents of recurrent wound infection were Staph. aureus MRSA, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp (MDR). Gram-negative bacteria caused the most of infections by more than 67% comparing with gram-positive bacteria.

scholarly journals Insights into Antagonistic Interactions of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in Mangrove Sediments from the South Indian State of Kerala

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madangchanok Imchen ◽  
Ravali Krishna Vennapu ◽  
Preetam Ghosh ◽  
Ranjith Kumavath
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Antagonist Activity ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
South Indian

Antibiotic resistance is a global issue which is magnified by interspecies horizontal gene transfer. Understanding antibiotic resistance in bacteria in a natural setting is crucial to check whether they are multidrug resistant (MDR) and possibly avoid outbreaks. In this study, we have isolated several antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) (n = 128) from the mangroves in Kerala, India. ARBs were distributed based on antibiotics (p = 1.6 × 10−5). The 16S rRNA gene characterization revealed dominance by Bacillaceae (45%), Planococcaceae (22.5%), and Enterobacteriaceae (17.5%). A high proportion of the isolates were MDR (75%) with maximum resistance to methicillin (70%). Four isolates affiliated to plant-growth promoters, probiotics, food, and human pathogens were resistant to all antibiotics indicating the seriousness and prevalence of MDR. A significant correlation (R = 0.66; p = 2.5 × 10−6) was observed between MDR and biofilm formation. Antagonist activity was observed in 62.5% isolates. Gram-positive isolates were more susceptible to antagonism (75.86%) than gram-negative (36.36%) isolates. Antagonism interactions against gram-negative isolates were lower (9.42%) when compared to gram-positive isolates (89.85%). Such strong antagonist activity can be harnessed for inspection of novel antimicrobial mechanisms and drugs. Our study shows that MDR with strong biofilm formation is prevalent in natural habitat and if acquired by deadly pathogens may create havoc in public health.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate and Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfonate Derived from Allium spp. against Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Human Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Sorlozano-Puerto ◽  
Maria Albertuz-Crespo ◽  
Isaac Lopez-Machado ◽  
Juan Jose Ariza-Romero ◽  
Alberto Baños-Arjona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria

Background. The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro antibacterial activity of two compounds derived from Alliaceae, PTS (propyl-propane-thiosulfinate), and PTSO (propyl-propane-thiosulfonate), with that of other antibiotics commonly used against bacteria isolated from humans. Materials and Methods. A total of 212 gram-negative bacilli and 267 gram-positive cocci isolated from human clinical samples and resistant to at least one group of antibiotics were selected. In order to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) to various antibiotics as well as PTS and PTSO, all isolates underwent broth microdilution assay. Results. PTS showed moderate activity against Enterobacteriaceae with MIC50 (and MBC50) and MIC90 (and MBC90) values of 256-512 mg/L, while PTSO showed greater activity with MIC50 and MIC90 values of 64-128 mg/L and MBC50 and MBC90 values of 128-512 mg/L. These data show the bactericidal activity of both compounds and indicate that PTSO was more active than PTS against this group of bacteria. Both compounds showed lower activity against P. aeruginosa (MIC50 = 1024 mg/L, MIC90 = 2048 mg/L, MBC50 = 2048 mg/L, and MBC90 = 2048 mg/L, for PTS; MIC50 = 512 mg/L, MIC90 = 1024 mg/L, MBC50 = 512 mg/L, and MBC90 = 2048 mg/L, for PTSO) compared to those obtained in others nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (MIC50 = 128 mg/L, MIC90 = 512 mg/L, MBC50 = 128 mg/L, and MBC90 = 512 mg/L, for PTS; MIC50 = 64 mg/L, MIC90 = 256 mg/L, MBC50 = 64 mg/L, and MBC90 = 256 mg/L, for PTSO) and also indicate the bactericidal activity of both compounds against these groups of bacteria. Finally, the activity against S. aureus, E. faecalis, and S. agalactiae was higher than that observed against enterobacteria, especially in the case of PTSO (MIC50 = 8 mg/L, MIC90 = 8 mg/L, MBC50 = 32 mg/L, and MBC90 = 64 mg/L, in S. aureus; MIC50 = 4 mg/L, MIC90 = 8 mg/L, MBC50 = 8 mg/L, and MBC90 = 16 mg/L, in E. faecalis and S. agalactiae). Conclusion. PTS and PTSO have a significant broad spectrum antibacterial activity against multiresistant bacteria isolated from human clinical samples. Preliminary results in present work provide basic and useful information for development and potential use of these compounds in the treatment of human infections.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria by a Photoactivated Porphyrin

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moreno Bondi ◽  
Anna Mazzini ◽  
Simona de Niederhäusern ◽  
Ramona Iseppi ◽  
Patrizia Messi
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

The authors studied the in vitro antibacterial activity of the photo-activated porphyrin meso-tri(N-methyl-pyridyl), mono(N-tetradecyl-pyridyl)porphine (C14) against four multidrug-resistant bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis (Gram-positive), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative). Using 10 μg/ml of porphyrin and 60 sec irradiation we observed the remarkable susceptibility of S. aureus and E. faecalis to treatment while, under the same conditions, E. coli and P. aeruginosa showed very low susceptibility. In a later stage, suspensions of Gram-negative bacteria were processed with EDTA before photo-activation, obtaining a significant decrease in viable counts. In view of the results, if the combination of low porphyrin concentrations and short irradiation times will be effective in vivo also, this approach could be a possible alternative to antibiotics, in particular against localized infections due to multidrug-resistant microorganisms.

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