scholarly journals Studying the antihyperlipidaemic basis of ayurvedic formulations –Avipattikara churna and triphala churna

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5634-5642
Author(s):  
Dixit Praveen K ◽  
Nagarajan K ◽  
Kumar Sokindra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile

Increased blood lipid profile (hyperlipidaemia) has been described as a significant risk factor, which is majorly responsible for making the coronary heart diseases more severe. Coronary heart disease, stroke, atherosclerosis and hyperlipidaemia are the primary cause of death. The increase in total cholesterol and total low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is described for its main risk factor, which is responsible for cardiovascular disease. The anti-hyperlipidemic drugs are used frequently for its lipids lowering potential to protect disorders which are induced by a condition like atherosclerosis. Still, these hypolipidemic agents also have various sorts of adverse events. Many plants and their derivatives and have been tested successfully for their anti-hyperlipidemic role. Almost 70 medicinal plants and more than this have been successfully screened for their significant anti-hyperlipidemic role. The significant increase observed in the use of medicinal plants in metropolitan regions of developed countries in the last decades. There are so many medicinal plants play a crucial role in lowering the blood lipid level. The most important advantage and popularity of traditional medicine system are because of effectiveness, safety, affordability and acceptability. This review focus on the anti-hyperlipidemic role of Avipattikar Churna and Triphala Churna used for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.

scholarly journals Effect of eating habits, BMI value, physical activity and smoking cigarettes on blood lipid indices of adolescent boys from Poland

2020 ◽  
pp. 413-422
Author(s):  
Ewa Piotrowska ◽  
Michaela Godyla-Jabłoński ◽  
Monika Bronkowska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile

Background. The lifestyle of young boys has impact on the risks of cardiovascular diseases. Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of atherosclerosis risk factors determined by overweight and obesity and lifestyle, i.e.: eating habits, low physical activity and smoking cigarettes, on blood lipid profile of boys at the age of 16 to 18. Material and Methods. The study covered 369 boys from secondary schools. They were evaluated for the supply of dietary constituents with atherogenic and protective actions, for nutritional status acc. to Cole’s criteria, the level of physical activity, and smoking cigarettes. Lipid metabolism was determined based on criteria recommended by the American National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Logistic regression analysis was conducted and risk odds ratio [OR] was determined. Results. Analyses showed the boys to be characterized by overweight (10.8%) and obesity (2.7%), and by inappropriate concentration of total cholesterol (26.5%), LDL (13.3%), HDL (21.7%) and triglycerides (41.7%). High BMI turned out to be a significant risk factor of an elevated total cholesterol concentration: [aOR]=2.27; triglycerides: [aOR]=2.35 and LDL: [aOR]=2.41. Low physical activity was found to negatively affect the concentration of LDL: [aOR]=1.88. The boys smoking cigarettes were shown to have a reduced HDL: [aOR]=1.65. The total content of fat and saturated fatty acids in diet exerted a significantly negative impact on blood lipid profile of the boys. Conclusions. The lifestyle of the young boys was demonstrated to determine the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Overweight and obesity, abdominal obesity in particular, were found to be a significant risk factor of disorders in their lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Risk for Occurrence of Laryngeal Cancer Among Current Cigarette Smokers

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 13s-13s ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Pavlovska ◽  
B. Taushanova ◽  
B. Zafirova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Group

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. It is on the second place as a death cause in developed countries and among the three leading death causes in adults in developing countries. Every year, worldwide, approximately 10 million persons have been diagnosed with malignant tumors (in every locations), and more than 6 million of these people die. According to many studies, several risk factors are brought in connection with laryngeal cancer (LarC). The most significant and generally accepted is alcohol consumption and the habit of cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking habit caused about 30% of all cancers, due to which it represents the most significant risk factor for occurrence of these disorders in humans. Aim: Aim of the study was to determine the existence of the eventual causal associations among the cigarette smoking and development and distribution of the laryngeal cancer. Methods: This study is an analytical type of case-control study. It elaborated 185 patients, suffering from laryngeal cancer and the same number of persons without malignant disease (control group-CG). Risk analyses were done using unconditional logistic regression, which provides results in the form of adjusted odds ratio. The odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed. Results: Among patients were 79% of current smokers (CS), 18.3% of former smokers (FS) and only 2.7% of never smokers (NS), compared with 40.5% of CS, 28.7% of FS and 30.8% of NS among controls. More than a half of the CS has been smoking 21-40 cigarettes per day (c/day) (54.8%), while in CG members this percent was 29.3%. Group of so called “heavy” smokers (> 40c/day), includes 13.7% of patients, and only 4% from CG. Majority of CS with LarC had smoking length, ranging from 31-45 years (56.2%). CS had 16.03 (95% CI, 6.25-41.12), times significantly higher risk to become ill from LarC, compared with NS. CS who were smoking < 20 c/day had 10.49 (95% CI, 3.87-28.45), while those who were smoking > 20 c/day, had 45.6 (95% CI, 16.55-125.67), times significantly higher risk to become ill, compared with NS. Univariate analysis in CS showed significantly higher risk for the persons to become ill, who were smoking > 40 years, compared with those who were smoking < 40 years (OR=3.73; 95% CI 2.03-6.84). The risk of occurring LarC has been four times (95% CI, 2.35-7.88), significantly higher in the CS who are smoking > 20 years, > 20 c/day, compared with those, who in the same time period, smoke < 20 c/day. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking is by far the most important risk factor for laryngeal cancer. Concerted control of smoking appears to be an urgent priority in LarC prevention, including efforts to prevent adolescents from starting to smoke.

scholarly journals Early Prevention of Atherosclerosis: Detection and Management of Hypercholesterolaemia in Children and Adolescents

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Cristina Pederiva ◽  
Maria Elena Capra ◽  
Claudia Viggiano ◽  
Valentina Rovelli ◽  
Giuseppe Banderali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile ◽  
Bile Acid Sequestrants ◽  
Stage Of Development

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the main cause of death and morbidity in the world. There is a strong evidence that the atherosclerotic process begins in childhood and that hypercholesterolaemia is a CHD major risk factor. Hypercholesterolaemia is a modifiable CHD risk factor and there is a tracking of hypercholesterolaemia from birth to adulthood. Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is the most common primitive cause of hypercholesterolaemia, affecting 1:200–250 individuals. Early detection and treatment of hypercholesterolaemia in childhood can literally “save decades of life”, as stated in the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus. Multiple screening strategies have been proposed. In 2008, the American Academy of Pediatrics published the criteria for targeted screening, while some expert panels recommend universal screening particularly in the young, although cost effectiveness has not been fully analysed. Blood lipid profile evaluation [total cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides] is the first step. It has to be ideally performed between two and ten years of age. Hypercholesterolaemia has to be confirmed with a second sample and followed by the detection of family history for premature (before 55 years in men and 60 years in women) or subsequent cardio-vascular events and/or hypercholesterolaemia in 1st and 2nd degree relatives. The management of hypercholesterolaemia in childhood primarily involves healthy lifestyle and a prudent low-fat diet, emphasising the benefits of the Mediterranean diet. Statins are the cornerstone of the drug therapy approved in USA and in Europe for use in children. Ezetimibe or bile acid sequestrants may be required to attain LDL-C goal in some patients. Early identification of children with severe hypercholesterolaemia or with FH is important to prevent atherosclerosis at the earliest stage of development, when maximum benefit can still be obtained via lifestyle adaptations and therapy. The purpose of our review is to highlight the importance of prevention and treatment of hypercholesterolaemia starting from the earliest stages of life.

scholarly journals Determining the Prevalence of Nasal Community-acquired MRSA Carriage and Associated Risk Factors in the Turkish Cypriot Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
Gizem Şanlıtürk ◽  
Mümtaz Güran
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Nasal Swab Sample ◽  
Turkish Cypriot

Introduction: No studies have investigated Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) nasal carriage rate in the Turkish Cypriot community up to now. The aim of this study was to investigate (i) The prevalence of CA-MRSA nasal carriage in the Turkish Cypriot community, (ii) The association of previously identified risk factors with CA-MRSA. Materials and Methods: Our study is a cross-sectional study conducted in Northern Cyprus in 2019 with 487 randomly selected and voluntary participants. In this study, a questionnaire was distributed, and the relationship between nasal CA-MRSA carriage and risk factors was investigated. In addition, the presence of CA-MRSA was determined by taking a nasal swab sample. Results: In this study, the prevalence of nasal CA-MRSA carriage in the Turkish Cypriot society was 6.98% (34/487). Marital status was found to be the only significant risk factor associated with CA-MRSA carriage (p= 0.035) in the study. However, it was found that individuals exposed to risk factors of “hospitalization during the previous year” and “using antibiotic during the last year” were 1.6 and 3.25 times higher than those who did not, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, “marital status” was the only statistically significant risk factor associated with CA-MRSA carriage. Furthermore, the prevalence of nasal CA-MRSA carriage in the Turkish Cypriot population was found to be higher than developed countries. In this context, it is essential to develop health strategies for the sustainability of TK-MRSA carriage surveillance and to reduce carriage.

P008 Lipid profile disorders in children and adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samah I Nasef ◽  
Sara S I M Abouzied ◽  
Samar M Elfiky ◽  
A Zeiton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Active Disease

Abstract Background Dyslipidaemia is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation has been linked to alterations of the lipid profile and accelerated atherogenesis. Lipid profile disorders are one of the most studied problems in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis. However, few studies addressed this problem in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients. The objective is to describe the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in children and adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Methods One hundred patients diagnosed with JIA were included. Exclusion criteria were patients previously treated with lipid lowering drugs, history of familial dyslipidaemia, thyroid disease, and diabetes mellitus. Data obtained from the patients included age, gender, duration of disease and body mass index (BMI). Fasting lipid profiles included triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Fasting lipid profiles were measured after overnight fasting and consumption of normal diet for previous 2 days (without fat restriction). Normal values were considered according to reference values. Other laboratory tests included ESR, CRP, RF, and ANA. Disease activity was classified according to juvenile disease activity score (JADAS-27). Results The study included 100 JIA patients. Out of them, 78 patients were females, 51 patients had RF negative Polyarticular type, 20 patients had RF positive polyarticular type, 24 patients had systemic onset type and 5 patients had extended oligoarticular type. Mean age was 11.55 ± 4.02 years. Mean age at disease onset was 8.3 ± 1.5 years. Mean disease duration was 4.30 ± 1.7 years. Mean BMI was 22.3 ± 7.32 Kg/m2. Mean ESR was 31.24 ± 10.4 mm/h. Mean CRP level was 7.56 ± 4.61 mg/dl. About 20% of the patients had positive RF and about 8% had positive ANA. Twenty-six patients had active disease. Mean TC was 153.818 ± 29.8 mg/dl, mean HDL was 47.65 ± 16.8 mg/dl, mean LDL was 87.43 ± 28.1 and mean TG was 89.04 ± 26.1 mg/dl. The most common lipid abnormality was disturbed HDL, it was found in 40% patients followed by disturbed TG in 21% of patients. Abnormal TC was found in 15% of the patients and abnormal LDL was found in 12% of the patients. Active disease was significantly associated with abnormal TC, HDL, and TG levels (P = 0.03*), (P = 0.03*) and (P = 0.04*) respectively. No associations were found with ESR or CRP levels. Active disease is a significant risk factor for abnormal TG with increased risk of abnormal TG by 2.9 among cases with active disease than cases with inactive disease. The overall percent predicted was 73.8%. Conclusion Children and adolescents with JIA showed significant lipid profile abnormalities. Abnormal TC, HDL and TG are significantly associated with active disease. Active disease is a significant risk factor for abnormal TG. Therefore, we recommend monitoring lipid profile in JIA patients regularly to reduce the long-term risk of CVD.

scholarly journals Hypertriglyceridemia Is Associated with More Severe Histological Glomerulosclerosis in IgA Nephropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4236
Author(s):  
Won Jung Choi ◽  
Yu Ah Hong ◽  
Ji Won Min ◽  
Eun Sil Koh ◽  
Hyung Duk Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Mesangial Cell ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Mesangial Matrix ◽  
Mesangial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Matrix Expansion

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally well-known primary glomerular nephropathy. Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is one factor contributing to atherosclerosis and is a common complication of renal failure. HTG is a significant risk factor for decreased renal function in patients with IgAN. We evaluated the association of HTG with the histopathological features of IgAN patients. A total of 480 patients diagnosed with IgAN via kidney biopsy from eight university hospitals affiliated with the College of Medicine of the Catholic University of Korea were included in the final cohort. Pathological features were evaluated by eight expert pathologists with hospital consensus. HTG was defined as a serum triglyceride (TG) level of ≥150 mg/dL. In the study population analysis, the HTG group was older, with more males; higher body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and spot urine protein ratio; and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In the lipid profile analysis, eGFR was negatively correlated with TGs/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG). Proteinuria positively correlated with TGs/HDL, non-HDL/HDL, LDL/HDL, TyG, TGs and LDL. The percentages of global sclerosis (GS), segmental sclerosis (SS) and capsular adhesion (CA), and the scores for mesangial matrix expansion (MME) and mesangial cell proliferation (MCP), were more elevated in the HTG group compared to the normal TG group. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the percentages of global sclerosis, segmental sclerosis and capsular adhesion, as well as the scores for mesangial matrix expansion and mesangial cell proliferation, were positively associated with TG level. In binary logistic regression, the HTG group showed a higher risk for global sclerosis and segmental sclerosis. In conclusion, HTG is a significant risk factor for glomerulosclerosis in IgAN.

scholarly journals DIETARY EFFECTS ON HEMO-LIPID PROFILE

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 621-626
Author(s):  
FAIQA FAYYAZ ◽  
Miss. Saman Batool ◽  
MUHAMMAD NAWAZ ◽  
Asma Lodhi ◽  
MISS. FATIMA ARIF
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile ◽  
Male Volunteers

A study had been being undertaken to estimate the dietaryeffects on blood lipid profile of young male and female university students. Lipid profile is a group of teststhat are often ordered together to determine risk of coronary heart diseases by estimating blood cholesterol,low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides. For the estimation, bloodsamples of each 30 female and male volunteers had been centrifuged and plasma had been separated foranalysis. Levels of lipid profile parameters had been measured by recommended kit method and colordeveloped had been measured by spectrophotomer. The results had been presented as mean±SD. Femalevolunteers had an average±SD value for cholesterol 183.1±14.8, for triglycerides 183.2±22.5, for HDL51±6.2 and for LDL 95.5±15.7, whereas male volunteers had an average ±SD value for cholesterol190±14.9, for triglycerides 222.5±18.2, for HDL 41.4±5.8 and for LDL 104.2±17.1. It had been concludedthat values of triglycerides and cholesterol were higher than the normal values for both female and malevolunteers because the content of saturated fatty acids was higher in their diets, use of vegetables, fruitsand fruit juices was very low, in some cases the number of meals taken per day was more than 5 which isnot desirable in adult people especially when their lifestyle is sedentary and in some cases smoking alteredthe levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.

scholarly journals Study of Risk Factor for Congenital Heart Diseases in Children at Rural Hospital of Central India

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar M Taksande ◽  
Krishna Vilhekar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Central India ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital problem that accounts for up to 25% of all congenital malformations. Hence this study was aimed at improving the knowledge related to risk factors associated with CHD in a rural Indian scenario. It was a hospital- based case control study. Materials and Methods: The children up to twelve year of age with clinical suspicion of CHD were subjected to chest x-ray and electrocardiography, and final diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography (n=209) as cases. The control group (n=418) were randomly selected from children without CHD who were admitted during the same period. The etiological factors like environmental, infections, drugs, and maternal factors were analyzed by using EPI 6 version. Results: In cases group, 56% were male and 44% female children. 82% cases presented at age of less than 5 years and 18% after 5 year. Exposure to smoking (OR=10.45), tobacco intake by mother (OR=8.28) and family history of CHD (OR=7.21) were the significant risk factor present in cases. Conclusion: The risk factors for CHD child identified were exposure to smoking and tobacco intake by mother, family history of CHD, antenatal infection in 1st trimester and history of diabetic mother. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i2.8254   J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2013; 33(2):121-124

Physical Illness and Suicide Risk in Rural Residents of Contemporary China

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun-Xian Jia ◽  
Lin-Lin Wang ◽  
Ai-Qiang Xu ◽  
Ai-Ying Dai ◽  
Ping Qin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population

Background: Physical illness is linked with an increased risk of suicide; however, evidence from China is limited. Aims: To assess the influence of physical illness on risk of suicide among rural residents of China, and to examine the differences in the characteristics of people completing suicide with physical illness from those without physical illness. Method: In all, 200 suicide cases and 200 control subjects, 1:1 pair-matched on sex and age, were included from 25 townships of three randomly selected counties in Shandong Province, China. One informant for each suicide or control subject was interviewed to collect data on the physical health condition and psychological and sociodemographic status. Results: The prevalence of physical illness in suicide cases (63.0%) was significantly higher than that in paired controls (41.0%; χ2 = 19.39, p < .001). Compared with suicide cases without physical illness, people who were physically ill and completed suicide were generally older, less educated, had lower family income, and reported a mental disorder less often. Physical illness denoted a significant risk factor for suicide with an associated odds ratio of 3.23 (95% CI: 1.85–5.62) after adjusted for important covariates. The elevated risk of suicide increased progressively with the number of comorbid illnesses. Cancer, stroke, and a group of illnesses comprising dementia, hemiplegia, and encephalatrophy had a particularly strong effect among the commonly reported diagnoses in this study population. Conclusion: Physical illness is an important risk factor for suicide in rural residents of China. Efforts for suicide prevention are needed and should be integrated with national strategies of health care in rural China.

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