Risk for Occurrence of Laryngeal Cancer Among Current Cigarette Smokers

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. It is on the second place as a death cause in developed countries and among the three leading death causes in adults in developing countries. Every year, worldwide, approximately 10 million persons have been diagnosed with malignant tumors (in every locations), and more than 6 million of these people die. According to many studies, several risk factors are brought in connection with laryngeal cancer (LarC). The most significant and generally accepted is alcohol consumption and the habit of cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking habit caused about 30% of all cancers, due to which it represents the most significant risk factor for occurrence of these disorders in humans. Aim: Aim of the study was to determine the existence of the eventual causal associations among the cigarette smoking and development and distribution of the laryngeal cancer. Methods: This study is an analytical type of case-control study. It elaborated 185 patients, suffering from laryngeal cancer and the same number of persons without malignant disease (control group-CG). Risk analyses were done using unconditional logistic regression, which provides results in the form of adjusted odds ratio. The odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed. Results: Among patients were 79% of current smokers (CS), 18.3% of former smokers (FS) and only 2.7% of never smokers (NS), compared with 40.5% of CS, 28.7% of FS and 30.8% of NS among controls. More than a half of the CS has been smoking 21-40 cigarettes per day (c/day) (54.8%), while in CG members this percent was 29.3%. Group of so called “heavy” smokers (> 40c/day), includes 13.7% of patients, and only 4% from CG. Majority of CS with LarC had smoking length, ranging from 31-45 years (56.2%). CS had 16.03 (95% CI, 6.25-41.12), times significantly higher risk to become ill from LarC, compared with NS. CS who were smoking < 20 c/day had 10.49 (95% CI, 3.87-28.45), while those who were smoking > 20 c/day, had 45.6 (95% CI, 16.55-125.67), times significantly higher risk to become ill, compared with NS. Univariate analysis in CS showed significantly higher risk for the persons to become ill, who were smoking > 40 years, compared with those who were smoking < 40 years (OR=3.73; 95% CI 2.03-6.84). The risk of occurring LarC has been four times (95% CI, 2.35-7.88), significantly higher in the CS who are smoking > 20 years, > 20 c/day, compared with those, who in the same time period, smoke < 20 c/day. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking is by far the most important risk factor for laryngeal cancer. Concerted control of smoking appears to be an urgent priority in LarC prevention, including efforts to prevent adolescents from starting to smoke.

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Use of carbapenems and glycopepdides is significant risk for multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.8081 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (02) ◽

pp. 67-72

Author(s):

Salih Hosoglu ◽

Eyup Arslan ◽

Emel Aslan ◽

Özcan Deveci

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Control Group ◽

Time Interval ◽

And Control

Introduction: Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-Ab) infections are an important healthcare problem globally. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors associated with MDR-Ab infections in hospitalized patients in Turkey. Methodology: A case-control study was performed in a tertiary care 1,303-bed university hospital, among case patients with MDR-Ab infections. The hospital records of case and control patients were retrospectively evaluated over a year. Patients who were hospitalized in the same department and in the same time interval as the case patients, without MDR-Ab infection or colonization, were chosen for control group. Demographic characteristics, Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, comorbid diseases, use of invasive tools and duration of usage, and duration of use of antibiotics were recorded for all patients. Comparisons between case and control groups for possible risk factors were performed. Results: In total, 95 cases and 95 controls were included in the study. Univariate analysis highlighted several variables as risk factors for MDR-Ab infections. Multivariate analysis showed that only antibiotic usage over seven days (OR = 2.38, CI = 1.18-4.83, p = 0.016) was found to be a significant risk factor. When antibiotic treatment patterns in both groups were compared, the use of carbapenems (p = 0.001) and glycopeptide antibiotics (p=0.001) in patient treatment were found significantly higher in the MDR-Ab case group. Conclusion: This study showed us that previous antibiotic use is a significant risk factor for MDR-Ab infections. The use of carbapenems and glycopeptides should be considered as primary risk factors for developing MDR-Ab infection.

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Risk factors for mortality in children with Wilms tumor

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi56.4.2016.226-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 226

Author(s):

Yuni Purwanti ◽

Sutaryo Sutaryo ◽

Sri Mulatsih ◽

Pungky Ardani Kusuma

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Wilms Tumor ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Potential Risk Factors

Background Wilms tumor is the most common renal malignancy in children (95%) and one of the leading causes of death in children, with high mortality rates in developing countries. Identifying risk factors for mortality is important in order to provide early intervention to improve cure rates.Objective To identify risk factors for mortality in children with Wilms tumor.Methods We performed a case-control study of children (0-18 years of age) with Wilms tumor admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital between 2005 and 2012. The case group consisted of children who died of Wilms tumor, whereas the control group were children who survived. Data were collected from medical records. Statistical analyses using Chi-square and logistic regression tests were done to determine odds ratios and 95% CI of the potential risk factors for mortality from Wilms tumor.Results Thirty-five children with Wilms tumor were admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital during the study period. Nine (26%) children died and 26 survived. Stage ≥III was a significant risk factor for mortality in chidren with Wilms tumor (OR 62.8; 95%CI 5.6 to 70.5). Age ≥2 years (OR 1.4; 95%CI 0.1 to 14.3) and male sex (OR 1.2; 95%CI 0.1 to 10.8) were not significant risk factors for mortality.Conclusion Stage ≥III is a risk factor for mortality in children with Wilms tumor.

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Incidence and risk factors of thromboembolism (TE) in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) receiving chemotherapy: A prospective observational study (NCT01047618).

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2014.32.3_suppl.31 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 31-31

Author(s):

Baek-Yeol Ryoo ◽

Min-Hee Ryu ◽

Sook Ryun Park ◽

Myoung Joo Kang ◽

Kwon-Oh Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Limited Information ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Gastric Cancer Patients ◽

D Dimer

31 Background: The incidence of TE in gastric cancer patients (pts) is known to be high. But because the previous reports were retrospectively analyzed in heterogeneous population, they give us only limited information. We therefore conducted a prospective study to investigate the incidence of TE and prognostic factors related with TE in AGC pts receiving chemotherapy. Methods: We checked D-dimer and coagulation battery at the start of chemotherapy and every 3 months thereafter. If there developed symptoms or signs of TE, or if D-dimer elevated 5 μg/mL or more we checked imaging studies to detect TE. The chemotherapy regimen mainly included fluoropyrimidine plus platinum-based for 1st-line, taxane-based for 2nd-line, and irinotecan-based for 3rd-line chemotherapy. Results: Between Nov 2009 and Apr 2012, 241 pts were analyzed. They received median 9 (range 1 - 42) cycles of chemotherapy. During the median observational duration of 16.7 months, 32 events (13.3%, 95% CI; 8.9 - 17.7%) of TE were detected. The types of TE were as follows; deep vein thrombosis (DVT) only in 18 (56.3%), pulmonary embolism (PE) only in 4 (12.5%), DVT and PE in 5 (15.6%), cerebral infarction in 4 (12.5%), and intra-abdominal arterial thrombosis 1 (3.1%) pts. The 1-year and 2-year cumulative incidences of TE were 15.0% (95% CI, 9.6 - 20.0%) and 20.0% (95% CI, 12.1 - 26.9%), respectively. The incidence rate of TE was 14.1 (95% CI, 9.6 - 19.9) events/100 person-years. In univariate analysis, the previous gastrectomy history, baseline CA72-4 level and baseline D-dimer level were statistically significant risk factor related with TE development. But in multivariate analysis, baseline D-dimer level was the only independent risk factor associated with TE development (Hazard ratio 2.46 [95% CI, 1.08 - 5.63], P= 0.033). Among 32 pts with baseline D-dimer 5.0 μg/mL or higher, 8 pts (25.0%) developed TE, while for pts whose baseline D-dimer was lower than 5.0 μg/mL, 24 out of 209 pts (11.5%) developed TE. Conclusions: The incidence rate of TE in AGC pts receiving chemotherapy was 14.1 (95% CI, 9.6 - 19.9) events/100 person-years. D-dimer was an important prognostic factor related with TE development. Clinical trial information: NCT01047618.

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Smoking, diabetes, blood hypertension: possible etiologic role for Peyronie’s disease? Analysis in 279 patients with a control group in Sicily

Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia ◽

10.4081/aiua.2015.1.20 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 20 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Carlo Pavone ◽

Francesco D’Amato ◽

Nino Dispensa ◽

Federico Torretta ◽

Carlo Magno

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Outpatient Clinic ◽

Erectile Function ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Young Patients ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Peyronie’S Disease ◽

Control Group ◽

Peyronie's Disease

Objective: To assess the proportion of patients with Peyronie’s Disease (PD) and the possible association with its potential risk factors in the general population of the central and western Sicily in our weekly andrological outpatient clinic. Materials and methods: We recruited a sample of 279 consecutive patients consulting our andrological outpatient clinic. Two arms were created: the first one composed by PD patients (men with symptoms suggestive for PD), the second one composed by patients with other andrological diseases (control arm). For each patient we evaluated the age, cigarette smoking, diabetes, blood hypertension and erectile function. In the PD arm we administered validated questionnaires to determine the erectile function status by the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5) and the pain status during erection by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). A univariate analysis was conducted using R software. Results: We enrolled 279 consecutive patients. The number of PD patients was 97 (34,7%). The univariate analysis showed a correlation between PD and cigarette smoking (p = 0.0242), blood hypertension (p < 0.001), erectile dysfunction (p < 0.001). No significant association was observed between diabetes and PD (p = 0.358). The median age of PD arm was 60 years and the median age of the control arm was 63,5 years; therefore the median age of PD arm resulted lower than the median age of the control arm (p = 0,031). Conclusions: Peyronie’s disease is more common than we might think; furthermore it can be diagnosed among young patients. According to our results, cigarette smoking and blood hypertension may be considered statically significant risk factors for developing PD. On the contrary diabetes seems not to be a risk factor for PD. According to our results PD should be sought also in young patients. Further studies are necessary to confirm that removing the indicated risk factors may reduce the incidence of PD.

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Is Hyperopia an Important Risk Factor for PACG in the Dutch Population?—A Case Control Study

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2013/630481 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Saskia H. M. van Romunde ◽

Gijs Thepass ◽

Hans G. Lemij

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Angle Closure ◽

Control Group ◽

Dutch Population ◽

Laser Peripheral Iridotomy

Objectives. To determine if hyperopia is a risk factor for primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) in the Dutch population and to identify other biometrical parameters as risk factors for PACG including axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), andkvalues.Methods. The study population consisted of PACG patients that had undergone a laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). The control group consisted of age- and gender-matched cataract patients. The main outcome was hyperopia (spherical equivalent ≥+0.5 dioptres) measured with IOL Master or autorefractor. Refractive error, ACD, AL, andkvalues were tested with a Mann-WhitneyUtest and by logistic regression.Results. 117 PACG patients and 234 controls were included (mean age = 80 years ± 3.6). The prevalence of hyperopia in patients and controls was 69.6% and 61.1%, respectively (Fisher’s testP=0.076). Mann-WhitneyUtest showed no statistically significant relation with refractive error (P=0.068) orkvalues (P=0.607). In contrast, ACD and AL were statistically significant (P<0.001). Tested with logistic regression, only ACD was a significant predictor of PACG (P<0.001).Conclusion. There was no statistically significant correlation between refractive error and PACG. ACD was strongly correlated, though, with PACG, whereas AL turned out to be a less significant risk factor.

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Short- and Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Self-Expandable Leo Stents Used Alone or with Coiling for Ruptured and Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: A Retrospective Observational Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10194541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (19) ◽

pp. 4541

Author(s):

François Lebeaupin ◽

Pierre-Olivier Comby ◽

Marc Lenfant ◽

Pierre Thouant ◽

Brivaël Lemogne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Success Rate ◽

Intracranial Aneurysms ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms ◽

Intracranial Complications ◽

Procedural Success

To assess the efficacy and safety of the Leo stent used alone or with coiling to treat complex intracranial aneurysms (IAs) not eligible for simple or balloon-assisted coiling, this single-center retrospective study included consecutive adults with ruptured or unruptured IAs treated in 2011–2018 by stenting with or without coiling. The indication for stenting was IA complexity precluding simple or balloon-assisted coiling. Extensive data on the patients, IAs, antiplatelet treatments, procedures, and outcomes over the first 36 months were collected. Risk factors for early complications (univariate analysis) and delayed ischemia (multivariate analysis) were sought. We include 64 patients with 66 IAs. The procedural success rate was 65/66 (98.5%). Obliteration was Raymond Roy class I or II for 85% of IAs. Six patients died including four of the 12 patients presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage, which was the only significant risk factor for early major complications. At 1 month, 45/64 (69%) had no disabilities. No rebleeding was reported. Ischemia was detected by routine MRI in 20 (35%) of the 57 patients with long-term data and was asymptomatic in 14. The stent-within-a-stent configuration was the only independent risk factor for ischemia. The Leo stent used alone or with coils to manage challenging IAs was associated with a high procedural success rate and complete or nearly complete IA obliteration of 85% of IAs. The high frequency of ischemia is ascribable to our use of routine serial MRI. In patients with bleeding, the Leo stent was associated with an excess risk of early, major, intracranial complications, as compared to patients without bleeding. Long-term follow-up was marked by the occurrence of ischemic events in the vascular territory of the stent, mostly silent.

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High plasma H2O2 level and low plasma catalase level as risk factors for acne vulgaris

Bali Dermatology and Venereology Journal ◽

10.15562/bdv.v2i1.16 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anak Agung Gde Putra Wiraguna ◽

Made Wardhana ◽

Made Kusuma Dewi Maharani

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

High Plasma ◽

Matched Pair ◽

Control Group ◽

H2o2 Level ◽

And Control

Background: In this recent time, ROS and oxidative stress have been said to play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflamed acne lesions. One example of ROS produced by neutrophil through phagocytosis is H2O2. Nevertheless, there is an enzymatic antioxidant which catalyses H2O2 called catalase. Imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants due to excessive ROS formation promotes the state of oxidative stress and inflammation of the acne lesion.Objective: This study aimed to determine plasma H2O2 and catalase level as a risk factor for acne.Methods: This matched-pair case-control observational analytic study involving 38 patients with acne and 38 patients without acne. Sampling was done using consecutive sampling which fulfils the inclusion and exclusion criteria and followed by matching with age and gender. H2O2 and catalase level measured on both groups. The analysis was done using SPSS.Results: H2O2 mean level in the case and control group, respectively 0.68 ± 0.03 and 0.42 ± 0.04 µmol/ml. High H2O2 level was determined from cut-off point >0.62 µmol/ml. High H2O2 was a statistically significant risk factor for acne vulgaris (p<0.001; 95% CI: 4.59-40.62; OR: 13.67). The mean level of catalase in the case and control group respectively 0.48 ± 0.06 and 0.74 ± 0.07 U/ml. Low catalase level was determined from the cut-off point <0.58 U/ml. Catalase was significant risk factor for acne vulgaris (p<0.001; 95% CI: 5.18-77.21; OR: 20.00).Conclusion: High levels of H2O2 plasma and low levels of catalase plasma is a risk factor of acne vulgaris.

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Cigarette smoking as a significant risk factor for digital vascular disease in patients with systemic sclerosis

Arthritis & Rheumatism ◽

10.1002/art.10685 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 46 (12) ◽

pp. 3312-3316 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Beverley J. Harrison ◽

Alan J. Silman ◽

Samantha L. Hider ◽

Ariane L. Herrick

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Systemic Sclerosis ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Vascular Disease ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor

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Sex differences in clinical presentation in acute MI

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20173176 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 940

Author(s):

Ashwin Kodliwadmath ◽

Naren V. Nimbal

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Chest Pain ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Control Group ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Acute Mi

Background: Acute myocardial infarction differs in women and men with respect to risk factors and clinical presentation. There are studies carried out worldwide on this issue but few from India. This study was done to study the sex based differences in the risk factors and clinical features of acute MI in patients with Indian ethnicity.Methods: Comparative prospective study consisting of 100 women as study group and 100 men as control group with acute MI, who were admitted in a tertiary care hospital, from December 2016 to June 2017.Results: Chest pain was the main complaint in majority of the women (82%) and men (88%). Radiation of chest pain (87%) and sweating (90%) were significantly present in men compared to women (65% and 62% respectively), while breathlessness was significantly present in women (78%) compared to men (64%) and fatigue in women (76%) significantly more than men (55%). Smoking was a significant risk factor in men (69%) compared to women (5%), while diabetes mellitus was a significant risk factor in women (62%) compared to men (39%).Conclusions: Women with acute MI had more atypical presentation of symptoms, similar risk factors, compared to men except for smoking which was more significant in men and diabetes more common in women.

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Studying the antihyperlipidaemic basis of ayurvedic formulations –Avipattikara churna and triphala churna

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 5634-5642

Author(s):

Dixit Praveen K ◽

Nagarajan K ◽

Kumar Sokindra

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Lipid Level ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Blood Lipid Profile

Increased blood lipid profile (hyperlipidaemia) has been described as a significant risk factor, which is majorly responsible for making the coronary heart diseases more severe. Coronary heart disease, stroke, atherosclerosis and hyperlipidaemia are the primary cause of death. The increase in total cholesterol and total low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is described for its main risk factor, which is responsible for cardiovascular disease. The anti-hyperlipidemic drugs are used frequently for its lipids lowering potential to protect disorders which are induced by a condition like atherosclerosis. Still, these hypolipidemic agents also have various sorts of adverse events. Many plants and their derivatives and have been tested successfully for their anti-hyperlipidemic role. Almost 70 medicinal plants and more than this have been successfully screened for their significant anti-hyperlipidemic role. The significant increase observed in the use of medicinal plants in metropolitan regions of developed countries in the last decades. There are so many medicinal plants play a crucial role in lowering the blood lipid level. The most important advantage and popularity of traditional medicine system are because of effectiveness, safety, affordability and acceptability. This review focus on the anti-hyperlipidemic role of Avipattikar Churna and Triphala Churna used for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.

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