Understanding the pathogen evolution and transmission prevention measures: Recent findings on molecular interventions towards COVID-19 therapeutics via hints from the past

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 442-451
Author(s):  
Vinusha H M ◽  
Chandan Shivamallu ◽  
Shashanka K Prasad ◽  
Muneera Begum ◽  
Gopinath S M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Pathogen Evolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Emerging Infection ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Transmission Prevention ◽  
Molecular Interventions

The novel pandemic has spread over in 150 countries as of March 2020. Approximately 900,000 people have been infected so far (WHO). Preventive measures are been taken globally to contain the rapid spread of virus. Compared to 2002 SARS epidemic, COVID-19 is apparently less lethal but far more contagious as it spreads more easily among individuals. This review highlights ongoing progress in figuring out the structure of major proteins designing vaccines and therapeutics to combat COVID-19 while also concentrating on developing preventive steps to avoid the emerging infection of viruses.

scholarly journals Human fascioliasis infection sources, their diversity, incidence factors, analytical methods and prevention measures

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (13) ◽  
pp. 1665-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mas-Coma ◽  
M. D. Bargues ◽  
M. A. Valero
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Markets ◽  
Human Fascioliasis ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
First Time

AbstractHuman fascioliasis infection sources are analysed for the first time in front of the new worldwide scenario of this disease. These infection sources include foods, water and combinations of both. Ingestion of freshwater wild plants is the main source, with watercress and secondarily other vegetables involved. The problem of vegetables sold in uncontrolled urban markets is discussed. Distinction between infection sources by freshwater cultivated plants, terrestrial wild plants, and terrestrial cultivated plants is made. The risks by traditional local dishes made from sylvatic plants and raw liver ingestion are considered. Drinking of contaminated water, beverages and juices, ingestion of dishes and soups and washing of vegetables, fruits, tubercles and kitchen utensils with contaminated water are increasingly involved. Three methods to assess infection sources are noted: detection of metacercariae attached to plants or floating in freshwater, anamnesis in individual patients, and questionnaire surveys in endemic areas. The infectivity of metacercariae is reviewed both under field conditions and experimentally under the effects of physicochemical agents. Individual and general preventive measures appear to be more complicated than those considered in the past. The high diversity of infection sources and their heterogeneity in different countries underlie the large epidemiological heterogeneity of human fascioliasis throughout.

scholarly journals Профілактика міксоматозу кролів

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (73) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
N. Kos'yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
High Level ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Made In

Rabbits Myxomatosis – highly contagious disease, which pathogen are epiteliotrophic virus from the family Poxviridae. The rapid spread of the disease contributes people's ignorance in realization of zoohygienic, veterinary and sanitary preventive measures during rabbit farming and breeding. Now, effective treatments against Rabbits Myxomatosis isn’t be in existence yet. Therefore, you must implement follow zoohygienic, veterinary and sanitary preventive measures: – to put on-time routine vaccination of all livestock rabbits. Rabbits vaccinated in month age old, in hazardous areas – in 28-th day age old, revaccination realized in 3 months. It is necessary to do the vaccination before the mass insects fly, the best is during late April – early May; – to conduct disinfections, disinsections and deratizations measures of animal buildings; – to conduct measures of manure decontamination (by biotermal way, to the liquid fraction – use follow chemicals: formaldehyde, bleaching powder) – to apply repellents – substances that repel insects (oksamat, benzymin (hexamid) and diethyltoluamid (DEET); – to be consistent with the principle «All Empty – All Occupation», which makes it possible to do preventive breaks, sanitary measures, maintenances and disinfection of animals buildings; – to conduct complex of disease epizootic data diagnostics with regard of: seasonality, the activity of blood-sucking insects, cases in the past, mass disease. There are use the living cultural lyophilized vaccine against Rabbits Myxomatosis in order to prevent disease in the Ukraine, which made in Ukraine and abroad. Currently, LLC «BIOTESTLAB» developed a live vaccine against Rabbits Myxomatosis - Lapinum Mix and Lapinum Hemix (complex against Rabbits Haemorrhagic Disease and Rabbits Myxomatosis). Lapinum lines vaccines provide rapid immune response and long protection against diseases. Tests showed high level of the rabbit blood antibodies from 4-th day of vaccination. In the production of vaccines used same completely homologous Ukrainian virus strains which effective vaccination guarantee.

scholarly journals Core belief disruption amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Japanese adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izumi Matsudaira ◽  
Yuji Takano ◽  
Ryo Yamaguchi ◽  
Yasuyuki Taki
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractDue to the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) worldwide, most people have been forced to alter their lifestyles. This situation may affect the mental health of individuals through the disruption of core beliefs about humans, the world, and the self. Therefore, in this study, an online survey of Japanese adults was conducted to investigate the associations between subjective achievement and the burden of cooperation in preventive measures, disruption of core beliefs, and psychological distress. The results showed that pandemic-induced disruption of core beliefs occurred at a relatively low level in the general population of Japan. In addition, the achievement and psychological burden of preventive measures, reduced income due to the pandemic, and stressfulness of the pandemic were significantly associated with the level of the disruption of core beliefs. Moreover, the greater the disruption of core beliefs, the greater the psychological distress. These findings indicate that the violation of fundamental assumptions about life are an important factor determining mental health during a pandemic.

Hydraulic Laboratory at University of Liège

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Willi H. Hager
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
The Novel ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Professional Background ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Picture

The Hydraulic Laboratory of Liège University, Belgium, is historically considered from its foundation in 1937 to the mid-1960s. The technical facilities of the various Buildings are highlighted, along with canals and instrumentation available. It is noted that in its initial era, comparatively few basic research has been conducted, mainly due to the professional background of the professors leading the establishment. This state was improved in the past 50 years, however, particularly since the Laboratory was dislocated to its current position in the novel University Campus. Biographies of the leading persons associated with the Liège Hydraulic Laboratory are also presented, so that a comprehensive picture is given of one of the currently leading hydraulic Laboratories of Europe.

The Pornographer and McGahern's Allusive Practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-297
Author(s):  
Tom Walker
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Present Value ◽  
The Past

Allusions to other texts abound in John McGahern's fiction. His works repeatedly, though diffidently, refer to literary tradition. Yet the nature of such allusiveness is still unclear. This article focuses on how allusion in The Pornographer (1979) is depicted as an intellectual and social practice, embodying particular attitudes towards the function of texts and the knowledge they represent. Moreover, the critique of the practice of allusion that the novel undertakes is shown to have broader significance in terms of McGahern's whole oeuvre and its evolving attempts to salvage something of present value from the literature of the past.

A Review on Fast Dissolving Tablet

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar T. Malsane ◽  
Smita S. Aher ◽  
R. B. Saudagar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Orally Disintegrating Tablets ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Experience Difficulty

Oral route is presently the gold standard in the pharmaceutical industry where it is regarded as the safest, most economical and most convenient method of drug delivery resulting in highest patient compliance. Over the past three decades, orally disintegrating tablets (FDTs) have gained considerable attention due to patient compliance. Usually, elderly people experience difficulty in swallowing the conventional dosage forms like tablets, capsules, solutions and suspensions because of tremors of extremities and dysphagia. In some cases such as motion sickness, sudden episodes of allergic attack or coughing, and an unavailability of water, swallowing conventional tablets may be difficult. One such problem can be solved in the novel drug delivery system by formulating “Fast dissolving tablets” (FDTs) which disintegrates or dissolves rapidly without water within few seconds in the mouth due to the action of superdisintegrant or maximizing pore structure in the formulation. The review describes the various formulation aspects, superdisintegrants employed and technologies developed for FDTs, along with various excipients, evaluation tests, marketed formulation and drugs used in this research area.

DEATH STRUCTURE BY MATERIALS OF FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Indiaminov ◽  
A.Zh. Usarov ◽  
A.F. Asatulaev ◽  
O.E. Mahmudov
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
The Past

The article analyzes the structure of death over the past 10 years based on the materials of the regional forensic medical examination. The need for developing preventive measures and taking the necessary measures to prevent mortality is emphasized.

Oleanolic Acid Derived from Plants: Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of A-ring Modified Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1084-1101
Author(s):  
Tingjuan Wu ◽  
Xu Yao ◽  
Guan Wang ◽  
Xiaohe Liu ◽  
Hongfei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Design ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Future Application ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Framework Structure ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Oleanolic Acid (OA) is a ubiquitous product of triterpenoid compounds. Due to its inexpensive availability, unique bioactivities, pharmacological effects and non-toxic properties, OA has attracted tremendous interest in the field of drug design and synthesis. Furthermore, many OA derivatives have been developed for ameliorating the poor water solubility and bioavailability. Objective: Over the past few decades, various modifications of the OA framework structure have led to the observation of enhancement in bioactivity. Herein, we focused on the synthesis and medicinal performance of OA derivatives modified on A-ring. Moreover, we clarified the relationship between structures and activities of OA derivatives with different functional groups in A-ring. The future application of OA in the field of drug design and development also was discussed and inferred. Conclusion: This review concluded the novel achievements that could add paramount information to the further study of OA-based drugs.

Local hospital experience of emergency management in the response to SARS (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yan
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Local Hospital ◽  
Referral Network ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Hospital Transmission

UNSTRUCTURED The ongoing outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection was first identified in Wuhan, China at the late of 2019. Following the acceleration of the novel coronavirus spreading, person-person transmissions in family residences, hospitals and other public environments have led to a major public hazard in China. Currently, the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been further developed into a public health emergency of international concern. In response to an occurring pandemic, hospitals need an emergency strategy and plan to manage their space, staff, and other essential resources, therefore, to provide optimum care to patients involved. In addition, infection prevention measures urgently need to be implemented to reduce in-hospital transmission and avoid the occurrence of virus super-spreading. For hospitals without capacity to manage severe patients, a referral network is often needed. We present our successful field experience regarding hospital emergency management and local hospitals network model in response to SARS-CoV-2 emerging epidemic.

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