scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF KANTIAN CRITIQUE OF THE POWER OF JUDGMENT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE BADEN SCHOOL OF NEO-KANTIANISM

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
Артём Александрович Аванесян
Keyword(s):  
Reflective Judgment ◽  
Independent Method ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Kantian Theory

В работе выявляется связь, объединяющая кантианскую теорию суждения с эпистемологической доктриной Баденской школы неокантианства. Различение определяющей и рефлектирующей способности суждения сопоставляется с генерализирующим и индивидуализирующим способами образования понятий. Особенности исторического метода возводятся к отличительным чертам телеологического и эстетического вариантов применения рефлектирующего суждения. Выстроенная на этой платформе концепция самостоятельного метода исторического познания задает особое видение исторического познания как опыта восприятия и понимания единичных, однократных и уникальных культурных процессов. The article reveals the connection that unites the Kantian theory of judgment with the epistemological doctrine of the Baden school of neo-Kantianism. The distinction between the determining and reflective ability of judgment is compared with the generalizing and individualizing methods of forming concepts. The features of the historical method are raised to the distinctive features of the teleological and aesthetic variants of the application of reflective judgment. The concept of an independent method of historical cognition, built on this platform, sets a special vision of historical cognition as an experience of perception and understanding of single and unique cultural processes.

scholarly journals THE HERITAGE OF I. KANT AND H. RICKERT’S AXIOLOGICAL EPISTEMOLOGY OF HISTORY

2020 ◽  
pp. 286-303
Author(s):  
Артём Александрович Аванесян
Keyword(s):  
Concept Formation ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Kantian Theory ◽  
Relevant Material ◽  
Kantian Philosophy

Статья посвящена исследованию развиваемой Г. Риккертом концепции соотнесения с ценностью как основы исторического познания. Подробно прослеживаются связующие нити, объединяющие кантианскую теорию рефлектирующей способности суждения и риккертовский исторический метод образования понятий, формулированием которого утверждается возможность научного постижения сингулярных фактов, не подверженных обобщению. Исследование процедуры соотнесения с ценностями, постулируемой в качестве критерия отбора исторически релевантного материала, позволяет прояснить коренящиеся в неокантианской философии истоки формирования категории исторического опыта как воплощения особого типа понимания, направленного на постижение единичных и неповторимых культурных явлений. The article is devoted to the study of the concept of relation to value as the basis of historical knowledge developed by H. Rickert. The connecting threads that unite the Kantian theory of the reflective ability of judgment and Rickert’s historical method of concept formation are traced in detail. On this basis, the possibility of scientific comprehension of singular facts that are not subject to generalization is revealed. The study of the procedure of establishing relation to values, postulated as a criterion for selecting historically relevant material, makes it possible to clarify the origins of the formation of the category of historical experience within the framework of neo-Kantian philosophy focused on the special type of understanding aimed at comprehending individual and unique cultural phenomena.

Historical Experience of Criminalization: to the Centenary of the Guiding Principles on Criminal Law of the RSFSR

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Ivan Kozachenko
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Law System ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Concept Planning ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Definition Of

The creation of the Guiding Principles on the Criminal Law of the RSFSR of 1919 is studied taking into account extremely complicated internal and external political situation in the country at the beginning of the twentieth century. Using the methods of analysis, synthesis, as well as comparative and historical method, the author determines the significance of the Guiding Principles in the law system of the young Soviet state. Some key norms of the document are examined. In particular, the definition of criminal law is analyzed and its advantages and disadvantages are identified. It is noted that the definition of a crime was formulated too broadly, and more significant steps in criminalization of different acts were made with the adoption of the RSFSR Criminal Code of 1922. It is indicated which persons were not punished according to the Guidelines. Attention is drawn to the way in which such a method of protection as necessary defense was set forth in this act. The Guiding Principles are not without certain disadvantages: for example, the institution of complicity is not sufficiently disclosed, there is lexical redundancy in the definition of the concept «planning the offence». However, the discrepancies between the main provisions covered in the Guidelines are explainable and excusable, taking into account the historical situation at the time of their adoption. The analyzed document became the basis for Russian criminal law, and some of its provisions are still relevant.

scholarly journals Criminal Liability for Provoking Bribery

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (69) ◽  
pp. 492-512
Author(s):  
Oksana Stepanenko ◽  
Andriy Stepanenko ◽  
Maryna Shepotko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

In modern conditions of development of public relations complication of activity of law enforcement agencies is observed. This is due to new challenges in the law enforcement system, including the fight against high levels of the organization and the criminal professionalism of corrupt individuals. Because of this, it is challenging for operational units to identify specific facts of illegal actions with the help of operational and investigative measures. At the same time, the fight against crime by establishing high quantitative indicators of disclosure remains one of the principles of law enforcement in Ukraine, including sometimes deviating from those means established by law. Therefore, the problem of provoking bribery is relevant for scholars of the legislator and law enforcement. The object of the study is criminal liability for provoking bribery. The research methodology consists of such methods as the dialectical method, analytical method, historical method, method of analysis of legal documents, articles, and monographs, method of generalization, comparison, synthesis, and modeling method. The authors identified the features of such liability to clarify the problematic issues of qualification of provoking bribery, and to distinguish the distinctive features of prosecution from other types of crimes.

scholarly journals Dachniki of Tsaritsyno: Parishioners of the Life-Giving Spring Church in the Catherine Palace (Second Half of the 19th - Early 20th Centuries)

2020 ◽  
pp. 172-182
Author(s):  
Irina Leonidovna Babich
Keyword(s):  
Structural Method ◽  
Central State ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Church Life ◽  
Country Life ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

The article's research subject is the life of the Orthodox community around the Life-Giving Spring Church in Tsaritsyno at the end of the 19th - early 20th centuries. The research object is the dachniki (summer residents) who became members of this Orthodox community.The Central State Archive of Moscow has preserved the metric books of this church. Based on this type of source, the author has compiled a list of the dachniki in Tsaritsyno who became parishioners of the Life-Giving Spring Church. The dachniki becoming part of the Tsaritsyno community was identified by the author through the evidence that they turned to the church's priests to perform various religious celebrations: baptisms, weddings and funeral services. Obviously, these celebrations are not indicative of the active participation of a specific dachnik in the life of the church, but in the author's opinion, this can still be indirectly used to analyze the relationship between country life and church life in Tsaritsyno. The author applied the historical method to analyze the archival materials collected at the Central Historical Archive of Moscow and the structural method to create a comprehensive picture of Russian life in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.The choice of this topic for scientific research is based on the fact that in the 1990-2010s the process of an Orthodox revival had begun, which also turned out to be partially tied to the modern dacha movement. On the example of a number of monasteries near Moscow, one can trace the growth of Orthodox communities in the opened monasteries thanks to the dachniki living nearby. Due to this, the historical experience of this interaction can contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the processes taking place in modern Russia.

HOBBIT PLAYERS: DEVELOPMENT OF ROLE- PLAYING GAMES IN KRASNOYARSK REGION (1980-1990)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Arina Shurygina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public History ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Local History ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Role Playing Games ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Local history as a kind of public history is gaining more and more popularity among researchers every year, because awareness of local historical experience is a tool for regional and personal self-identification, a way to define oneself, one’s uniqueness in the large multicultural world. Based on the study of the role-playing movement, it is possible to trace not only any peculiarities of the Krasnoyarsk cultural processes, but also to understand what influence the events of the “big” history had on the local history of the development of the role-playing movement in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in a specific cultural and historical period. The aim of the study is to reconstruct significant cultural events that contributed to the creation of the role movement, the influence of the socio-cultural environment on the role movement in the region, as well as to record the events characteristic of this subculture through the analysis of interviews with people participating in these events. The object of the study is the role-playing movement of Tolkienists in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, while the subject of the history (interviews) of informants who stood at the origins of the role-playing movement in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the 1980s-90s. To conduct the study, the following tasks were set: conducting an interview with participants in the role movement as a subculture characteristic of the Soviet period in the history of the culture of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, and interpreting the received empiric material and identifying the features and trends in the development of the role movement subculture.

America, Europe, and the International System

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-341
Author(s):  
Linda B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
International System ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
United States Policy

A useful consequence of America's deepening involvement in Asian affairs is the widespread questioning of the premises that arc assumed to underlie United States policy, but debate stressing the weaknesses of American strategy in Vietnam without placing present dilemmas in a broader perspective is deficient. Similarly, discussion that ignores the distinctive features of the American historical experience, especially its influence on the processes of policy-making, courts irrelevance. Failure to look beyond the confines of the Vietnam predicament may prove as detrimental to observers as to officialdom, yet both find the process of distinguishing the relative importance of internal and external constraints increasingly arduous. In an era of contagious domestic unrest in industrialized countries and ambiguous conflicts in less developed geographical areas, both may be tempted to generalize too broadly from a dominant though still restricted series of events. Such, such are the joys of appraising American foreign policy during the Vietnam anguish.

scholarly journals Finno-Ugric areas of Russia in tourist dimension

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Saraikina ◽  
Liudmila V. Sotova
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
The World ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Introduction. Currently, there are special spatial areas in the world that were established on the basis of ethnic identity. One of them is Finno-Ugric, which unites 24 peoples of the Finno-Ugric group of the Uralic language family. For centuries they have preserved their identity, language, traditions and customs of their ancestors. The object of our research is the Finno-Ugric territories in Russia. The purpose of the study is to determine the tourist resources of the Finno-Ugric regions of Russia for their development and interaction in the field of tourism. Materials and methods. Research in the area of tourism at Finno-Ugric areas in Russia deals with, first of all, the tourist resources of the regions, spatial planning and organization of tourist activities. The research required the use of various methods. Thus, the comparative-descriptive method allowed identifying common and distinctive features in the development of tourism in the studied regions, historical method allowed considering the emergence and development of processes and events in the regions; cartographic one dealt with assessing the spatial features of the regions; statistical one analyzed and compared the regions based on statistical data; the method of expert assessments allowed determining the richness of tourist resources of the regions and their areas of interaction in the field of tourism. Results and discussion. The possibilities of the Finno-Ugric regions are quite diverse. The key task for the development of tourism in the regions and their effective promotion in the tourist markets is to create branded tourist routes. Their development allows you to solve the strategic task of including significant regional display objects in interregional routes. Conclusion. The development of Finno-Ugric regions can be more effective due to the formation of a positive tourist image of the Finno-Ugric territories as an independent tourist areas within Russia and beyond.

scholarly journals THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN MILITARY SCHOOL: LESSONS OF HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Olesya Maslo ◽  
◽  
Anna Koverza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Education ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Military Schools ◽  
Military School ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Military ◽  
Historical Periods

The article discusses the process of the formation and development of the Russian military school, which originates since Peter's I transformations. I. The main historical periods of military education are allocated, each of which has distinctive features related to the methods of training and education of future officers, the preparation of military teachers, the edition of educational and methodological literature, etc. A characteristic feature of the development of military education was the fact that these transformations were in parallel with transformations occurring in the armed forces. This interrelated process fruitfully influenced not only the development of the military education system, but also the development of military scientific thought in general. The article traces the continuity between all historical periods of military education in Russia. Attention is focused on the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries when the most elaborated educational system of military schools in Russia was formed, and the military school became one of the most important sociocultural institutions of the state mechanism and the country's society. All transformations in military education in pre-revolutionary Russia became a foundation for the formation of the Soviet, and then the Russian military school.

scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF THE FIDUCIARY RELATIONSHIP DOCTRINE IN INDEPENDENT UKRAINE: FROM COMPLETE OBJECTION TO IMPLEMENTATION INTO CURRENT LEGISLATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
G. Buyadzhу
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Financial Fraud ◽  
Property Management ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Beneficial Ownership ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
Structural Methods

The article addresses the development of the fiduciary relationship doctrine in Ukraine. Primarily, the paper covers the alteration in understanding the idea of trust and other trust-like constructions by Ukrainian society from the 90s of the XX century to present time. The purpose of the article is to highlight the main stages of and approaches to understanding of fiduciary relationship in general and trust and other trust-like constructions in particular, as well as to analyse their common and distinctive features in comparison to related legal institutions and to determine the prospects for their further implementation in Ukrainian law. Methodology. To shed the light on different approaches to understanding trusts and paratrust constructions, a comparative-historical method was used in the article; also the methods of analysis, ascent from abstract to concrete and system-structural methods of scientific cognition were applied. Results and conclusions. Misunderstanding of the idea of a trust has led to violation of the rights of citizens affected by financial fraud of trust companies, which has played a significant role in shaping the distrustful or negative attitude of lawyers and ordinary citizens of Ukraine to trusts and other trust-like constructions for almost two decades. The concept of trust has existed in the law of Ukraine for a long time, but mostly it is associated with the negative issues like hiding property, hiding information about the ultimate beneficial owners etc. In addition, the concept of trust is changing constantly; this indicates the evolution of approaches to understanding the institution. At present, a trust is understood as "legal relationship," while the previous version of law defines a trust through the category of a legal entity. The approach to understanding the concept of beneficial ownership in a trust differs in common law countries and Ukraine. In Ukraine, this definition covers the right of a natural person who, regardless of formal ownership, has the opportunity to exercise decisive influence over the management or economic activity of a legal entity directly or through other persons. Keywords: fiduciary relationship, trust, trust-like (paratrust) constructions, property management, Trust Convention, beneficial ownership, trustee, ultimate beneficial owner, beneficiary, controlled foreign company (CIC), revocable trusts, irrevocable trusts.

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