scholarly journals General Principles of S. L. Frank’s “Mystical Realism” as a Method of Knowing the Absolute

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
A. I. Simonov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Objective World ◽  
Intellectual Heritage ◽  
Distinct Concept ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Objective Being

This article attempts to analyze S. L. Frank’s philosophy to identify a distinct concept – “mystical realism”. Two key works on the ontology of the thinker have been considered: “Subject of knowledge” belonging to the early period of his creative work, and “Incomprehensible” written in the late period. The tradition of Frank’s intellectual heritage analysis is represented by the works of I.I. Evlampiev, P.P. Gaidenko, P. Elen, A.M. Khamidulina and other professionals aimed at finding elements of intuitive (mystical) cognition of the Absolute in the context of objective being. It resulted in the idea that “mystical realism” is based on the combination of rational and irrational knowledge aimed at acquiring the Absolute. S.L. Frank shows the presence of something mystical (Absolute) in the context of objective being, and further he reveals the presence of something mystical (Absolute) in the spiritual being of a person. The presence of something mystical within reality is represented by two main transcendence ways: “outward expression of a spirit” and “inward expression of a spirit”. It allows the philosopher to speak about the Absolute as a fundamental principle that created the uni-verse and at the same time as a call of eternity coming into an objective world through a spiritual life of a person.

scholarly journals Patient-level and hospital-level variation and related time trends in COVID-19 case fatality rates during the first pandemic wave in England: multilevel modelling analysis of routine data

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjqs-2021-012990
Author(s):  
Alex Bottle ◽  
Puji Faitna ◽  
Paul P Aylin
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Hospital Level ◽  
Patient Level

BackgroundA report suggesting large between-hospital variations in mortality after admission for COVID-19 in England attracted much media attention but used crude rates. We aimed to quantify these variations between hospitals and over time during England’s first wave (March to July 2020) and assess available patient-level and hospital-level predictors to explain those variations.MethodsWe used administrative data for England, augmented by hospital-level information. Admissions were extracted with COVID-19 codes. In-hospital death was the primary outcome. Risk-adjusted mortality ratios (standardised mortality ratios) and interhospital variation were calculated using multilevel logistic regression. Early-wave (March to April) and late-wave (May to July) periods were compared.Results74 781 admissions had a primary diagnosis of COVID-19, with 21 984 in-hospital deaths (29.4%); the 30-day total mortality rate was 28.8%. The crude in-hospital death rate fell in all ages and overall from 32.9% in March to 13.4% in July. Patient-level predictors included age, male gender, non-white ethnic group (early period only) and several comorbidities (obesity early period only). The only significant hospital-level predictor was daily COVID-19 admissions in the late period; we did not find a relation with staff absences for COVID-19, mechanical ventilation bed occupancies, total bed occupancies or bed occupancies for COVID-19 admissions in either period. Just 4 (3%) and 2 (2%) hospitals were high, and 5 (4%) and 0 hospitals were low funnel plot mortality outliers at 3 SD for early and late periods, respectively, after risk adjustment. We found no strong correlation between early and late hospital-level mortality (r=0.17, p=0.06).ConclusionsThere was modest variation in mortality following admission for COVID-19 between English hospitals after adjustment for risk and random variation, in marked contrast to early media reports. Early-period mortality did not predict late-period mortality.

Genesis of the Wuxing Pt–Pd-rich Cu–Ni sulfide deposit in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: evidences from geochronology, elemental geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-gui Sun ◽  
Yun-peng He ◽  
Ji-long Han ◽  
Zhong-yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Crustal Contamination ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Central Asian Orogenic Belt ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Sulfide Deposit ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Enriched Mantle ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
T Values

The Wuxing Pt–Pd-rich Cu–Ni sulfide deposit in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China, is located to the northeast of the Dunhua–Mishan fracture of the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The mafic–ultramafic complex consist of early-period hornblende–olivine pyroxenite, diopsidite, and hornblende pyroxenite and late-period gabbro and diabase units. An early-period hornblende pyroxenite yielded a zircon U–Pb age of 208.2 ± 2.6 Ma and a late-period diabase yielded a U–Pb age of 205.6 ± 1.1 Ma, with zircon εHf(t) values of +1.24 to +8.13. The early- and late-period lithofacies are relatively enriched in LILE (Rb, Ba, and Sr) and LREE, and variably depleted in HFSE (Nb, Ta). The whole-rock and single-mineral analyses of the early-period lithofacies yield (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.7055–0.7083 and εNd(t) ratios of −7.98–+3.10. These geochemical data suggest that the parental magmas of the Wuxing complex are high-Mg subalkaline basaltic in nature and were derived from an enriched mantle source. The magmas chamber formed after the injection of magma into the crust along with crustal contamination, producing early crystalline minerals and ore-bearing magmas. The rupturing of the magma chamber released evolved magmas, which then ascended and generated Pt–Pd-bearing lithofacies and Cu–Ni sulfide orebodies by fractional crystallization, accumulation, and liquation. During the late period, the residual magma invaded the early lithofacies and Cu–Ni orebodies. The fluids exsolved from the gabbroic magmas concentrated the mineralized metal elements and enhanced the precipitation of Pt–Pd-bearing veinlet-disseminated orebodies and Pt–Pd–Cu–Ni orebodies.

On Hereditary Insanity

1864 ◽  
Vol 10 (49) ◽  
pp. 50-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Grainger Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Medical Literature ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Perfect Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Indian Tribes ◽  
Falling Sickness ◽  
Transmission Of Disease ◽  
Secondary Causes

The hereditary transmission of disease, or of a tendency to it, has of late attracted more attention than it formerly did, and medical literature has been enriched by many able and learned disquisitions on the subject. Its importance seems to be generally appreciated, to a certain extent, but not to so great an extent, as a more perfect knowledge of its operation, and the vastness of its influence, would justify. From Burton's ’Anatomy of Melancholy’ may be quoted many passages by ancient writers, showing a lively appreciation of the fact of hereditary transmission, especially of disease. Fernelius says, “Such as the temperature of the father is, such is the son's, and, look, what disease the father had when he begot him, his son will have after him, and is as well the inheritor of his infirmities as of his lands.” “And where the complexion and constitution of the father is corrupt, then,” saith Roger Bacon, “the complexion and constitution of the son must needs be corrupt, and so the corruption is derived from the father to the son.” Burton also quotes passages from Hippocrates, Buxtorfius, Lemnius, Paracelsus, Crato, Bruno Seidelius, Daniel Sennertus, Forestus, Rodericus a Fonseca, Lodovicus Mercatus, and many others, referring to hereditary transmission, or the transmission of melancholy. The last mentioned wrote a book on the subject, ‘De Morbis Hereditariis,’ and therein first notices what is now called atavism. “It skips, in some families, the father and goes to the son, or takes every other, and sometimes every third, in a lineal descent, and doth not always produce the same, but some like, and a symbolising disease.” This last remark is of importance, as anticipating a fundamental principle in modern investigations into the subject. Burton himself highly estimates the importance and power of hereditary transmission, when he says, “These secondary causes, hence derived, are commonly so powerful that (as Wolphius holds) they do often alter the primary causes and decrees of the heavens.” This most learned and far-seeing author mentions facts, and hints at conclusions which are only now being understood and arrived at, and shows that an appreciation of the truth of hereditary transmission had formed the basis of laws forbidding the marriage between persons in any whit allied, and of those stern and implacable decrees, which, among certain Indian tribes, and even in Scotland, at an early period, necessitated the destruction of those that suffered from madness, gout, falling sickness, or any such dangerous diseases.

scholarly journals Utilization Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine among Fracture Patients: A Taiwan Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu-Yao Tseng ◽  
Ching-Wen Huang ◽  
Hsin-Chia Huang ◽  
Wei-Chen Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Utilization Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Tcm Theory

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) divides fracture treatment into three stages. Many TCM herbs and formulas have been used to treat fractures for thousands of years. However, research regarding the Chinese herbal products (CHPs) that should be used at different periods of treatment is still lacking. This study aims to identify the CHPs that should be used at different periods of treatment as well as confirm the TCM theory of fracture periods medicine. We used prescriptions of TCM outpatients with fracture diagnoses analyzed using the Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD) from 2000 to 2015. According to the number of days between the date of the fracture and the clinic visit date, all patients were assigned to one of three groups. Patients with a date gap of 0-13 days were assigned to the early period group; those with a date gap of 14-82 days were assigned to the middle period group; and those with a date gap of 83-182 days were assigned to the late period group. We observed the average number of herbal formulas prescribed by the TCM doctor at each visit was 2.78, and the average number of single herbs prescribed was 6.47. The top three prescriptions in the early fracture period were Zheng-gu-zi-jin-dang, Shu-jing-huo-xue-tang, and Wu-ling-san. In the middle fracture period, the top three formulas were Zheng-gu-zi-jin-dang, Shu-jing-huo-xue-tang, and Zhi-bai-di-huang-wan. In the late fracture period, the top three formulas were Shu-jing-huo-xue-tang, Gui-lu-er-xian-jiao, and Du-huo-ji-sheng-tang. The main single herbs used in the early fracture period were Yan-hu-suo, Gu-sui-bu, and Dan-shen. From the middle to the late period, the most prescribed single herbs were Xu-duan, Gu-sui-bu, and Yan-hu-suo. We concluded that the results showed that the CGRD utilization pattern roughly meets the TCM theory at different fracture periods.

Verwendung, Verleugnung, Wiederentdeckung – Ligeti und ethnische Musiken

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Márton Kerékfy
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Ethnic Music ◽  
East European ◽  
Ambivalent Attitude ◽  
First Time

Regarding György Ligeti’s relation to ethnic music, his oeuvre can be divided into three periods. Until 1956 he used East European folk music in the manner of Hungarian composition of the 1940s and 1950s, but upon leaving Hungary he apparently rejected folkloristic inspiration. In his late period from 1978 on, however, ethnic musics became again central to his creative work, albeit in a basically different way than in his youth. This article provides an overview of Ligeti’s early folkloristic pieces and a brief characterization of his use of elements of Eastern European folklore in Le Grand Macabre, Hungarian Rock, Passacaglia ungherese and the Horn Trio. Finally, it traces back Ligeti’s “lamento melody,” that appears for the first time in the last movement of the Horn Trio, to certain types of the Hungarian folk lament. Ligeti’s references to folklore do not mean an idealization of his past, but are rather signs of an ambivalent attitude toward his own roots, in which nostalgic longing, ironic distancing, and desperate mourning are equally present.

scholarly journals Redefining the Position of Daoism (Taoism) in Vietnamese History from the 2nd Century to the 9th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Hong Van
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Historical Document ◽  
Vietnamese History ◽  
Working People ◽  
History Of

Redefining the value of Taoism in Vietnam is a complex and difficult problem to evaluate thoroughly. This issue of defining and evaluation relates to historical document sources, archaeological relics still exist to this day and especially the influence of Taoism on beliefs life, religious life in particular and in the spiritual activities of Vietnamese people in general. Of the three religions of the Orient: Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Taoism is a religion that is difficult to study. Throughout the development process of the Vietnamese nation, along with Confucianism and Buddhism, Taoism has a significant influence on the spiritual life, tradition, and culture of the Vietnamese nation, especially in the spiritual life of the working people. However, research on this issue is still a very large gap, little attention of researchers. When studying Taoism in Vietnam, it is usually divided into stages, specifically: Taoism in Vietnam in the early period (from the 2nd century to the 9th century); Taoism under the Ly and Tran dynasties (the period when Taoism held the best position in history of Vietnam, often called the Royal Taoism); Taoism under the Le and Nguyen dynasties (the process of Taoism folkization through the worship of Mau Lieu Hanh). In this article, the author focuses on studying Taoism from the 2nd century to the 9th century. Because, at present, the historical documents on Taoism in this period are still quite vague, there are still many the debate broke out about the time when Taoism spread into Vietnam, the audience, Taoist missionaries have been to Vietnam, etc. Therefore, this article focuses on the process of Taoism propagating into Vietnam, identifying historical data that still exist today, Taoist figures have been to Vietnam.

scholarly journals Dobbs and the Tiger: The Yeatses’ Intimate Occult

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-218
Author(s):  
Margaret Mills Harper
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Joint Authorship

The mediumistic relationship between W. B. Yeats and his wife George (née Hyde Lees) is an important guide to the creative work produced by the Irish poet after their marriage in 1917. Their unusual collaboration illuminates the esoteric philosophy expounded in the two very different versions of Yeats’s book A Vision (1925 and 1937). It is also theoretically interesting in itself, not only in the early period when the automatic experiments produced the ‘system’ expounded in A Vision, but also in the 1920s and 1930s, when the Yeatses' relationship had matured into an astonishingly productive mature partnership. By analysing symbols the Yeatses themselves used to conceive of their joint work, particularly the symbolic structures and constructed selves of the collaborators, and particularly in the later period, this essay attempts to engage with the authors’ own terminology and understanding as a method for reading their joint authorship.

De l’image-modèle à l’image de Dieu. Le dépassement de l’individu dans la doctrine éthique de Fichte, 1798–1812

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
Luc Vincenti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Image Of God ◽  
The Self ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Individual Form ◽  
Ethical Action ◽  
Ideal World ◽  
Model Image ◽  
Rational Individual ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Individual

Fichte’s ethics changed in many ways between 1794 and 1812: in the first place spiritual life replaced the transformation of nature; individual supersession was radicalized; and ethics was linked with first philosophy. In 1812 it was no longer a matter of inflecting natural necessity by means of the model image of an ideal world (Vorbild). The theme of image reappears as an externalizing of absolute life. Ethical action becomes a moment of this manifestation: a return to unity, following the process of fragmentation of the originary phenomenon (the I or the I-one), into an infinity of individual I’s. This fragmentation is fondamental: life is self-consciousness only in this individual form. The ethical act manifests the concept or image of God with the self-annihilation of individuality. Fichte had already written, in part XI of the Second Introduction, that the I, “only reasonnable”, “is no longer an individual”, and in the first Sittenlehre, § 18 : “We are all supposed to act identically”. Fichte’s final Ethics thus does not radicalize the supersession of the individual. It defines the rational individual by this supersession of himself [or herself], making ethics into a moment [stage] of the absolute life. The matter is not to merge the individual into the whole, but to partake in a living order, in the activity of the whole, which reaches out to each of its members, only to return to the first unity, by forming the whole as such.De 1794 à 1812, l’éthique de Fichte connaît plusieurs évolutions : abandon de la transformation de la nature au profit de la vie spirituelle, radicalisation du dépassement de l’individu, et rapprochement entre éthique et philosophie première. En 1812 il n’est plus question d’infléchir la nécessité naturelle par l’image modeèe (Vorbild) d’un monde idéal. La thématique de l’image apparaît comme extériorisation de la vie absolue. L’action éthique devient un moment de cette manifestation : le retour vers l’un, au terme d’un morcellement du phénomène originaire (le »Moi« ou »Moi un«) en une infinité de Moi(s) individuels. Cette diffraction est essentielle : la vie ne peut être consciente d’elle-même que dans cette forme individuelle. L’agir éthique manifeste le concept ou l’image de Dieu en anéantissant l’individualité. Mais la XIe section de la Seconde Introduction précisait déjà, que dans le monde moral, le Moi »uniquement raisonnable«, »a cessé d’être un individu« et dans la première Sittenlehre, § 18, Fichte écrivait : »Nous devons tous agir de la même manière«. L’éthique tardive ne radicalise donc pas le dépassement de l’individu. Elle définit l’individu rationnel par le dépassement de soi, en faisant de l’éthique un moment de la vie absolue. La question est donc moins de fondre l’individu dans un tout que de participer à un ordre vivant, à l’activité du tout qui va jusqu’à chacun des membres pour revenir vers l’unité première en constituant la totalité comme telle.

The transition and meaning of the ceremonial ornament with bird-shaped thorn(有刺괿器) from Marisan ancient tombs in Haman region

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-57
Author(s):  
Hoon-Hui Kim
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Extinction Period ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Previous Period ◽  
Important Notion

The Malisan ancient tombs in Haman region are the most important sites, as the center of Allakuk(安羅國), in the study of Gaya. In this study, the ceremonial ornament with bird-shaped thorn(有刺利器) excavated from the Malisan tombs were examined. In the analysis of the ceremonial ornament, It attracts attention to the most distinctive part of the bird-shaped decoration. It is largely classified into the old and the new style. It is set to five types of old style and three types of new style. The old and new style differ in appearance and disappearance. The set pattern is observed to change gradually from the early period to the late period. The duration is divided into five stages from the beginning of the 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century. The scale of the wooden chamber tombs and stone chamber tombs and the main artifacts were examined, and the hierarchy was classified. The ceremonial ornament shows the hierarchical feature that is buried only in the middle grave and above. From the time of the emergence until the extinction period, the position as a superior relics was maintained. The position to be buried is changed. Artifacts what was buried near the body, it changes to the form to be placed on the vice chamber or top of the main in the late period. The ceremonial ornament excavated from the Malisan tombs is confirmed a close connection with the Gimhae region in the 4th century. The bird-shaped decoration on back of the armor excavated from the Daeseongdong No. 2 tomb is very similar to that of the earliest period in the old style of the Malisan s ceremonial ornament. From the previous period, the image of the bird-shaped decoration were identified in various artifacts as an important notion of farming rituals, worship of the sky and sun, and ceremonial rituals. It can be seen that the building group of the Malisan tombs placed the ceremonial ornament that has a symbolic meaning on the grave with a high hierarchy continuously.

Loss of lean body mass within one week as a major determinant for total weight loss at one month after gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 219-219
Author(s):  
Toru Aoyama ◽  
Takaki Yoshikawa ◽  
Taiichi Kawabe ◽  
Hirohito Fujikawa ◽  
Tsutomu Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Total Body Weight Loss

219 Background: Postoperative changes in body weight and composition during first 1 month after gastrectomy remained unclear. Methods: The patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer between May 2010 and October 2013 were examined. Body weight and composition were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analyzer within 1 week before surgery (first measurement), at 1 week after surgery (second measurement), and at 1 month after surgery (third measurement). The changes of the early period were defined as the differences until the second measurement, while those of the late period as the differences from the second to the third measurement. Results: Two-hundred forty four patients were selected for this study. Total body weight loss (BWL) within 1 month was -3.4 kg and the rate of body weight at 1 month to the preoperative body weight was 94.1%. BWL was significantly greater in the early period rather than that of the late period (-2.1 kg vs -1.2 kg, p<0.001). In the early period, loss of lean body mass was significantly greater than loss of fat mass (-1.5 kg vs -0.6 kg, p<0.001). The same trend was observed regardless of type of gastrectomy and surgical approach. Conclusions: Loss of lean body mass within 1 week was a major determinant for total body weight loss at 1 month. To maintain lean body mass within 1 week and total body weight at 1 month, future trial should be focused on not the surgical approach but nutritional intervention within 1 week.

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