scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF RELIABILITY OF THE CITY PUBLIC TRANSPORT FUNCTIONING IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION CITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Sharov ◽  
A. Yu. Mikhaylov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Time Index ◽  
Reliability Characteristics ◽  
Buffer Time ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City ◽  
Range Of Values

Introduction. The paper deals with the results of the reliability of urban public passenger transport routes. One of the main objectives is to consider the indicators for assessing the reliability of the urban passenger transport system, which have not yet been used in Russian practice. The peculiarity of these indicators is that the initial information can be obtained on the basis of modern bus equipment (GLONASS/GPS). The possibility of using these indicators, as well as the development of scales of reliability levels at the moment is an important scientific problem.Materials and methods. The authors proposed modern indicators for assessing the reliability of urban passenger transport routes, such as the time index and the associated buffer time indicator. The authors used the methods of mathematical statistics to process the data on the duration of bus traffic.Results. The authors obtained the reliability characteristics of urban passenger routes. Moreover, the paper presented the comparison of the reliability values on the example of Irkutsk and Angarsk.Discussion and conclusions. The authors reveal the range of values of the time and buffer indices based on the data of route networks of two different cities. Therefore, the authors offer the estimation scale of the reliability levels on routes.

scholarly journals Incomplete construction: Russian and foreign experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Olga Nikishina ◽  
Olga Nikishina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The City ◽  
Threat To Life

The study is devoted to the objects of unfinished construction (hereinafter - UCO). The problem of the UCOs is urgent both for the regions and for the Russian Federation as a whole. The main reasons for the large number of the unfinished construction objects are analyzed in the paper. The global experience of solving the issue of long-term construction is considered. The unfinished objects spoil the architectural outlook of the city, while the lands are used inefficiently and the necrosis of capital occurs. In Russia, as a rule, conservation of these objects is not done that creates a real threat to life and health of people. The state and society cannot count on the economic effect of these objects, and they do not justify the goals and the means invested in them. Based on the conclusions drawn, measures are proposed that will allow preventing the suspension of the objects under construction at the moment, and complete the construction of the objects that begun earlier.

scholarly journals Transport Accessibility of University in a Large City: Students’ Opinions

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
R.M. Petruneva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Large City ◽  
Alma Mater ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The City

Examined is the importance of transport accessibility of universities when choosing their Alma Mater by applicants. The analysis of the use of passenger transport by students in the city of Volgograd — the largest city in the Russian Federation with a population of more than 1 million people; the data of a questionnaire survey of university students of the city, most of whom live in the most remote areas from the center, are presented. It describes the types of public transport that students use to get to their place of study, the content characteristics of the route structure, including transfers, fare, reliability and comfort of transport, stability of the schedule, travel time, waiting for public transport, etc. The shortcomings of the most popular student routes and the city’s transport system, which is a complex and extensive network, are identified; conclusions are drawn about the transport accessibility of universities and recommendations for improving transport transportation along popular student routes.

Electric public passenger transport as a base of a route network in medium-sized and big cities of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
M. R. Yakimov ◽  
◽  
A. A. Putin ◽  
A. S. Nesterova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Current Transport ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
The Public ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Route Network ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The City

The relevance of optimization of the Berezniki public transport route network is caused by an annual growth of city routes length, particularly, by the enlargement of bus routes and the uneven distribution of passenger traffic. The paper determines methods of optimization of public city passenger transport for the current transport demand. On the example of development of the Berezniki route network the authors have analysed the topology of routing and the city cartogram. On the basis of the study results they have proposed measures on the optimization of the route network for the public city transport. The novelty of the study is in the use of algorithms and methods of optimization of transport systems developed by the authors at conducting design and research works in the cities of the Russian Federation — Perm, Ekaterinburg, Samara, Kurgan, Yoshkar-Ola and Simferopol.

To the Matter of Procedural and Legal Problems of Detaining a Person on Suspicion of Committing a Crime

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Bolshakov ◽  
◽  
I.D. Nazarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment

The subject of the research within the framework of the article is the criminal procedure institute for the detention of a person on suspicion of committing a crime. The legal nature of this institution is analyzed, and comments are given on the normative legal acts and judicial practice regulating the issues of detention. The theoretical basis of the research is based on the publications of the last two decades on this problem, in particular, reflecting the discussion of the process scientists S. A. Shafer, S. B. Rossinsky and A. A. Tarasov, the subject of which was the issue of the legal nature of a suspect detention in a criminal case. In the paper, the authors ask the following questions: What is the detention of a person on suspicion of committing a crime in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation? From what moment does the detained person acquire the status of a suspect? Is it possible to detain a person before initiating a criminal case? The study concludes that a person acquires the actual status of a suspect from the moment of direct detention, that is, before documenting this status and, as a result, before initiating a criminal case. Amendments to the articles of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation are proposed, and the authors` versions of the definitions of the concepts «detention of a suspect», «the moment of actual detention» and «pre-trial proceedings» are given.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF PROPERTY INTERESTS PROTECTION OF THE PENAL SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AS REPRESENTATIVE OF A VICTIM

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Викторович Кияйкин
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment

В статье проведен анализ существующей практики защиты имущественных интересов уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации при участии в уголовном процессе в качестве представителя потерпевшего, изложены рекомендации по улучшению данной работы с учетом особенностей сложившейся практики. Раскрываются особенности уголовно-процессуальной защиты на основе материалов территориальных органов и анализа дел указанной категории схарактеристикой эффективных решений иимеющихся проблем по защите имущественных интересов уголовно-исполнительной системы (далее - УИС), материалов практики защиты поуказанным вопросам, аналитических и статистических данных за 2018-2020 гг. Обращено внимание, чтона практике имеются сложности с определением размера возмещаемого ущерба и сроков исковой давности, а также с фактическим исполнением судебных решений овзыскании ущерба в связи с финансовой несостоятельностью должников. Важной проблемой по защите имущественных интересов остается отсутствие методики определения размера причиненного репутационного вреда органам иучреждениям уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации. Обеспечение своевременного допуска представителя органа илиучреждения УИС имеет существенное значение для защиты имущественных интересов, поскольку юридическое лицо получает фактическую возможность по отстаиванию своих законных интересов лишь смомента допуска представителя - физического лица. Автором определены направления работы должностных и иных заинтересованных лиц по реализации защиты имущественных интересов УИС при участии в уголовном процессе в качестве представителя потерпевшего. The article analyzes the existing practice of protecting the property interests of the Penal system of the Russian Federation when participating in criminal proceedings as a representative of the victim, and provides recommendations for improving this work, taking into account the features of the current practice. The article reveals the features of criminal procedure protection based on the materials of territorial bodies and the analysis of cases of this category with the characteristics of effective solutions and existing problems in protecting the property interests of the Penal system (hereinafter the FPS), materials of defense practice on these issues, analytical and statistical data for the period 2018-2020. Attention is drawn to the fact that in practice there are some peculiarities in determining the amount of damage to be compensated and the limitation period. Due to the financial insolvency of debtors in practice, there is a difficulty with the actual execution of court decisions on recovery of damages. An important problem in protecting property interests remains the lack of a methodology for determining the amount of reputational damage caused to the bodies and institutions of the Russian Federation's penal system. Ensuring the timely admission of a representative of a body or institution of a penal system is essential for the protection of property interests, since a legal entity gets the actual opportunity to defend its legitimate interests only from the moment of admission of a representative - an individual. The author defines the directions of work of officials and other interested persons to protect the property interests of the Penal system of the Russian Federation when participating in criminal proceedings as a representative of the victim.

scholarly journals Economic Justification, Russia Business Regulation and Risk Management in Russian Companies: Limited Liability Company "SSK"

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Hartomy Akbar Basory ◽  
Ni Kadek Sri Widiari Suwitera ◽  
Refly Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Corporate Liquidity ◽  
Business Regulation ◽  
Immediate Recovery ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Corporate Risk ◽  
The City

Abstract. The Russian government's plan to reduce spending, plan not to extend the stimulus package and have the possibility of raising taxes by 2021 are steps to be taken. One of the objectives of the policy of the Russian Federation is to provide the conditions for complete economic development for all levels of society. This study aims to explain how one company in the Russian Federation in the city of Kazan is related to increasing corporate liquidity and risk management. This study uses quantitative analysis methods with liquidity analysis approaches and corporate risk assessment. The results of this study explain that a company in the Russian Federation in the city of Kazan can develop measures to increase corporate liquidity and risk management. The International Monetary Fund also warned that the Russian government's conservative economic policies could impede an immediate recovery - especially in the context of the second wave of infections that pushed the country's healthcare system to its limits.

Environmental and Epidemiological Aspects of V. cholerae O1 Contamination of Water Bodies in the Republic of Kalmykia

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
EA Moskvitina ◽  
EG Yanovich ◽  
ML Kurilenko ◽  
VD Kruglikov ◽  
AK Noskov
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City ◽  
Chemical Water

Background: Within the framework of cholera surveillance in the Russian Federation, annual isolation of nontoxigenic V. cholerae O1 strains from water bodies is registered in the Republic of Kalmykia. This fact is the rationale for the present study and analysis of data on contamination of water bodies with V. cholerae O1 with account for some environmental and quality indicators of water bodies used for recreational purposes. Objective: To study contamination of water bodies with V. cholerae O1 as a component of cholera control surveillance in the Republic of Kalmykia. Materials and methods: We used notifications issued by Offices of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, passports for V. cholerae O1 strains, and information from “Cholera vibrios. Russia” database for 1991–2019. Results: In the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, several outbreaks, sporadic and single imported cases of cholera were registered in the republic. The total of 446 strains of V. cholerae O1 El Tor were isolated during the analyzed period. The PCR analysis identified them as V. cholerae O1 ctxA–tcpA– and V. cholerae O1 ctxA– tcpA+. We observed an increasing trend in the number of isolated strains with the approximation coefficient of 0.374 against its general decrease in the country in 1991–2019. Strains were isolated annually, mainly from the Elista River, Zayachy Pond and other water bodies with poor microbiological and chemical water quality parameters. V. cholerae O1 ctxA– tcpA+ were isolated mainly at the wastewater discharge sites, which indicated their imported origin, along with V. cholerae O1 ctxA– tcpA– with InDel and PCR genotypes not previously found in this region. We consider the contamination of water bodies with V. cholerae O1 ctxA– tcpA– and V. cholerae O1 ctxA– tcpA+ as prerequisites for possible deterioration of the local epidemiological situation due to cholera importation from endemic areas. Conclusion: When analyzing the pollution of water bodies in the Republic of Kalmykia with V. cholerae O1, we established a long-term annual isolation of cholera vibrios from some water bodies in the city of Elista, including Elistinka river, Zayachy and Kolonsky ponds, notorious for poor microbiological and chemical water quality indicators. The contamination was mainly attributed to domestic wastewater discharge and poorly treated effluents of sewage treatment plants into the Elistinka river within the city boundaries, as well as watercourses from hollows. This proves the imported origin of the bacterium confirmed by isolation of V. cholerae O1 ctxA– tcpA– with InDel- and PCR-genotypes not previously found in this region.

Punishability of the acts of extremist orientation provided by Article 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Сергеевич Дядькин
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Sharp Growth ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Modern Russian

В статье представлены результаты анализа наказуемости за одно из наиболее распространенных в последнее время в Российской Федерации преступление, предусмотренное ст. 282 УК РФ - возбуждение ненависти либо вражды, а равно унижение человеческого достоинства. В последние годы имеет место резкий рост количества осуждений лиц по ст. 282 УК РФ. Данная практика крайне репрессивна, не поддерживает одобрения в обществе, существенно критикуется и негативно оценивается даже властью, которая в последнее время предприняла действия по изменению сложившейся ситуации. Изменение структуры привлечения и осуждения лиц по ч. 1 и ч. 2 ст. 282 УК РФ - исчезновение квалификации действий лиц по ч. 2 - свидетельствует об изменении характера данных преступлений, способа их совершения, а самое главное - подходов к привлечению лиц к ответственности за совершение преступлений экстремистской направленности. Работа правоохранительных органов полностью переключилась с выявления, пресечения и наказания экстремистских деяний, совершаемых в реальной жизни, и на данный момент абсолютное большинство лиц, привлеченных по ст. 282 УК РФ, - это лица, допустившие те или иные высказывания» в социальных сетях. Ч. 2 ст. 282 УК РФ (квалифицирующие признаки, ее составляющие) на данный момент потеряли свою актуальность и не отвечают современным реалиям. Наказуемость за преступления, предусмотренные ст. 282 УК РФ, атипична по отношению к общей структуре применения наказаний в РФ за преступления в целом: за данное преступление осуждается к условному лишению свободы 61 % лиц, 11 % - к реальному лишению свободы. Данное положение вещей отражает ситуацию, когда дефиниция преступления по своему существу не отвечает ожиданиям современного российского общества, при этом внутреннее убеждение судейского корпуса также находится в определенном диссонансе. Современные российские реалии не позволяют судам выносить оправдательные приговоры в достаточном количестве, и судам приходится применять к лицам, по сути невиновным, наказания крайне незначительные или условно. По ст. 282 УК РФ данная тенденция явно прослеживается. Results of the analysis of punishability for one of the most widespread in the Russian Federation the crime provided by Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are presented recently in article there is an arousing hatred or hostility, and humiliation of human dignity is equal. In recent years the sharp growth of number of condemnations of persons according to Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation takes place. This practice is extremely repressive, does not support approval in society, is significantly criticized and negatively estimated even by the power which took actions for change of a situation to the sphere recently. Change of structure of attraction and condemnation of persons according to Pt. 1 and Pt. 2 of Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - disappearance of qualification of actions of persons according to Pt. 2 - demonstrates to change of nature of these crimes, a way of their commission, and the most important - approaches to involvement of persons to responsibility for commission of crimes of extremist orientation. Work of law enforcement agencies completely switched from identification, suppression and punishment of the extremist acts made in real life, and at the moment the vast majority of the persons involved according to Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are faces the allowed these or those statements on social networks. Pt. 2 of Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (the qualifying signs, it making) at the moment lost the relevance and do not answer modern realities. The punishability for the crimes provided by Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is atypical in relation to the general structure of application of punishments in the Russian Federation for crimes in general: for this crime it is condemned to conditional imprisonment 61 % of persons, 11 % - to real imprisonment. This state of affairs reflects a situation when the crime definition on the being does not answer expectations of modern Russian society, at the same time the internal belief of judiciary also is in a certain dissonance. Modern Russian realities do not allow vessels to pronounce justificatory sentences in enough, and vessels should apply to persons, in fact the innocent, punishments extremely insignificant or is conditional. According to Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation this trend is obviously traced.

Current Issues of Initiating Criminal Bribery Cases

2020 ◽  
pp. 232-240
Author(s):  
Alina Anapolskaya
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Forensic Tools

We consider the reasons and grounds for initiating criminal bribery cases. We note that statements and reports received in any form are subject to verification, the methods of which are secret and are selected depending on the type of industry and the activities of the official in respect of whom data on bribery is received. We pay attention to the specifics of the tactical opera-tion “red-handed detention”, the subsequent examination of the bribe recipi-ent, for the presence of a special chemical substance on his body and cloth-ing, indicating that he touched the money. It is noted that in practice, in order to avoid situations when the substance is not left a mark or the person did not touch the banknotes themselves, in order to identify the banknotes, it is recommended to rewrite their numbers and series. Special attention is paid to the issues of attracting specialists to the process of reviewing initial information, as well as the possibility of using technical and forensic tools at the initial stage of such crimes investigation. We mention that the issue of the investigator’s presence and the implementation of procedural leadership of the tactical operation are debatable during the red-handed detention. We conclude that it is inadmissible for an investigator to participate in such an operation, since verification in accordance with articles 144–145 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation is possible only after a report of a crime is received and registered with the investigative authority.

scholarly journals ADVANCED SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AREAS (ASEDA): STATUS ASSIGNED – WHAT’S NEXT?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. Хабибрахимов ◽  
A. Khabibrahimov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Municipal Management ◽  
Single Industry ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment

The report reflects the research of two-year practice of using such an instrument of development and attracting investments as Advanced Social and Economic Development Areas (ASEDA) in mono-profile municipal entities of the Russian Federation. The study, which employed the data available from open sources, involves an analysis of 36 operating territories with ASEDA status. The territories were classified according to 1) the number of permitted activities, 2) the time period between the moment of obtaining the ASEDA status and the registration of the first resident, 3) tax preferences granted to the registered residents (regions can set rates within the established range, e.g. 0 to 5% income tax). The paper features formats and methods employed by regional and municipal management teams to attract investors. The author describes experience in preparing the necessary regulatory framework and promoting this status. The research reveals the best practices and explains why some ASED areas fail to reach the parameters declared in the applications. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of 102 registered ASED residents has been carried out. Taking into account the experience of already existing ASED in single-industry towns, the author gives a number of proposals on how to increase the efficiency of work within the framework of the ASED status, as well as on making a number of changes to the current regulatory legal acts controlling the establishment of ASED in singleindustry towns.

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