scholarly journals Recent Nanotechnological Approaches on Capturing, Isolating, and Identifying Circulating Tumor Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Alper Baran Sözmen ◽  
Ahu Arslan Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Diagnostic Device ◽  
Device Development ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Magnetic Nanomaterial

Nanotechnological approaches are the latest modality for early stage detection of cancer. The need of rapid, non-invasive, patient specific, and informative techniques in cancer diagnostics lead to the utilization of nanotechnology, microfluidics, and lab-on-a-chip platforms for liquid biopsy, and the developments through these technologies increased the knowledge also for case specific applications. In this review, nanotechnology-based methodologies that are developed in the last decade for cancer diagnostics are investigated and are discussed under four main categories for the purpose of simplification as; nanochip based, nanofilm based, magnetic nanomaterial-based methods, and combinational utilization of multiple methodologies. We suggest a combinational approach on device development with an aim of producing a compact, cost effective, rapid, sensitive, and non-invasive diagnostic device as a conclusion of literature review.

Review of Various Tasks Performed in the Preprocessing Phase of a Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis System

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-426
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Hussain ◽  
Zulfiqar Habib
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Optic Discs

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness in diabetic patients. The increasing population of diabetic patients and difficulty to diagnose it at an early stage are limiting the screening capabilities of manual diagnosis by ophthalmologists. Color fundus images are widely used to detect DR lesions due to their comfortable, cost-effective and non-invasive acquisition procedure. Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) of DR based on these images can assist ophthalmologists and help in saving many sight years of diabetic patients. In a CAD system, preprocessing is a crucial phase, which significantly affects its performance. Commonly used preprocessing operations are the enhancement of poor contrast, balancing the illumination imbalance due to the spherical shape of a retina, noise reduction, image resizing to support multi-resolution, color normalization, extraction of a field of view (FOV), etc. Also, the presence of blood vessels and optic discs makes the lesion detection more challenging because these two artifacts exhibit specific attributes, which are similar to those of DR lesions. Preprocessing operations can be broadly divided into three categories: 1) fixing the native defects, 2) segmentation of blood vessels, and 3) localization and segmentation of optic discs. This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art preprocessing techniques related to three categories of operations, highlighting their significant aspects and limitations. The survey is concluded with the most effective preprocessing methods, which have been shown to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the CAD systems.

scholarly journals 3D-Printed Lab-on-a-Chip Diagnostic Systems-Developing a Safe-by-Design Manufacturing Approach

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Karayannis ◽  
Fotini Petrakli ◽  
Anastasia Gkika ◽  
Elias P. Koumoulos
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Ultrafine Particle ◽  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Device Development ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Safe By Design

The aim of this study is to provide a detailed strategy for Safe-by-Design (SbD) 3D-printed lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device manufacturing, using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology. First, the applicability of FFF in lab-on-a-chip device development is briefly discussed. Subsequently, a methodology to categorize, identify and implement SbD measures for FFF is suggested. Furthermore, the most crucial health risks involved in FFF processes are examined, placing the focus on the examination of ultrafine particle (UFP) and Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emission hazards. Thus, a SbD scheme for lab-on-a-chip manufacturing is provided, while also taking into account process optimization for obtaining satisfactory printed LOC quality. This work can serve as a guideline for the effective application of FFF technology for lab-on-a-chip manufacturing through the safest applicable way, towards a continuous effort to support sustainable development of lab-on-a-chip devices through cost-effective means.

Prospective validation of a serum miRNA panel for early detection of gastric cancer.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4065-4065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihan Zhou ◽  
Jimmy So ◽  
Ritika Kapoor ◽  
Feng Zhu ◽  
Ruiyang Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diagnostic Endoscopy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Serum Mirna ◽  
Multi Center Study

4065 Background: High mortality from gastric cancer is related to the late manifestation of its symptoms. A blood-based non-invasive biomarker with the ability to detect all stages of gastric cancer could significantly improve patient outcomes. We aimed to develop a novel serum miRNA assay for diagnosis of gastric cancer. Methods: We conducted a multi-center study involving 892 gastric cancer and control subjects from Singapore and Korea to develop a multi-target miRNA assay. Using RT-qPCR, we quantified the expressions of 578 serum miRNAs and constructed a 12-miR biomarker panel through multi-variant data analysis. The results were generated with the use of a logistic-regression algorithm, with the value of 40 or more considered to be positive. We subsequently validated this multi-miR assay in a large prospective cohort involving 4566 subjects and compared its performance with traditional markers such as H.Pylori and Pepsinogen. All participants underwent gastroscopy independent of the assay results. Results: Of the 4566 subjects that underwent gastroscopy and histopathological examination in the prospective cohort, 125 were diagnosed with gastric cancer. The 12-miR assay achieved an Area-Under-Curve (AUC) of 0.84, significantly outperforming (p-value < 0.01) that of H.Pylori (AUC of 0.64) and Pepsinogen (AUC of 0.62). The sensitivity of the miRNA assay in detecting early (stage 0-2) and late (stage 3-4) stage gastric cancer was 82.6% (95% CI, 68.6% to 92.2%) and 88.4% (95% CI, 78.4% to 94.9%) respectively at a specificity of 70.0% (95% CI, 67.8% to 71.9%). In comparison, H.Pylori showed a sensitivity of 80.4% at a specificity of 44.3% whereas the Pepsinogen showed sensitivity of 9.52% at a specificity of 95.3%. Using the miRNA assay as a pre-screening tool could potentially reduce number of endoscopy needed by 62% in detecting one case of gastric cancer. Conclusions: Our serum miRNA panel is a useful, non-invasive screening test for gastric cancer. It is cost-effective as it can reduce unnecessary diagnostic endoscopy.

OP68 Value-Engineered Translation: An Example for Bladder Cancer Diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Andrew Sutton ◽  
John Lamont ◽  
R. Evans ◽  
Kate Williamson ◽  
Declan O'Rourke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stage Of Development

IntroductionThe Institute of Health Economics offers a suite of analyses that provide developers an understanding of the expected commercial viability of an early stage health technology. In combination, these analyses form the Value-Engineered Translation framework. These methods incorporate innovative methods to manage uncertainty in early economic evaluations, in particular, moving beyond current stochastic assessments of headroom to account for inter-market variability in value hurdles, as well as incorporating social value premia considerations. An illustration of these methods is demonstrated using the example of a non-invasive diagnostic test (called DCRSHP) at an early stage of development, compared to current practice of cystoscopy in the diagnosis of bladder cancer.MethodsCompeting technologies were identified to inform the headroom assessment based on price and effectiveness. Then, a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis was undertaken incorporating headroom analysis, stochastic one-way sensitivity analysis, and value of information analysis using data from secondary sources.ResultsCurrently there are a number of non-invasive tests available, but none have sufficient test accuracy to be suitable for bladder cancer diagnosis alone. From the headroom analysis, DCRSHP can be priced at up to CAD 790 (i.e. USD 588) and still be cost-effective compared to the current practice of cystoscopy. Interestingly this price can be increased for patient groups that have lower levels of bladder cancer prevalence.ConclusionsThe requirements of economic evaluations depend on the stage of technology development, and analysis approaches must reflect this. The results here indicate that DCRSHP clears the value hurdle in terms of being cost-effective, and thus provides the opportunity to make a commercial return on future investment. Future analysis of DCRSHP could consider the cost drivers for development of the technology, including the regulatory pathways, costs associated with the intellectual asset management for the technology, and alternative manufacturing costs. All of which contribute to the research-to-practice continuum.

scholarly journals 3D Printed Lab-on-a-Chip Diagnostic Systems - Developing a Safe-by-Design Manufacturing Approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Karayannis ◽  
Fotini Petrakli ◽  
Anastasia Gkika ◽  
Elias Koumoulos
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Ultrafine Particle ◽  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Device Development ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Safe By Design

The aim of this study is to provide a detailed strategy for Safe-by-Design (SbD) 3D printed lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device manufacturing, using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology. At first, the applicability of FFF in lab-on-a-chip device development is briefly discussed. Subsequently, a methodology to categorize, identify and implement SbD measures for FFF is suggested. Furthermore, the most crucial health risks involved in FFF processes are examined, placing the focus on the examination of ultrafine particle (UFP) and Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emission hazards. Thus, a SbD scheme for lab-on-a-chip manufacturing is provided, while also taking into account process optimization for obtaining satisfactory printed LOC quality. This work can serve as a guideline for the effective application of FFF technology for lab-on-a-chip manufacturing through the safest applicable way, towards a continuous effort to support sustainable development of lab-on-a-chip devices through cost-effective means.

scholarly journals A Cost-Effective and Non-Invasive pfeRNA-Based Test Differentiates Benign and Suspicious Pulmonary Nodules from Malignant Ones

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Yuyan Wang ◽  
Hongchan Huang ◽  
Nadege Fackche ◽  
Kristen Rodgers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Automatic Testing ◽  
Average Sensitivity ◽  
Prediction Rules ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Non Invasive

The ability to differentiate between benign, suspicious, and malignant pulmonary nodules is imperative for definitive intervention in patients with early stage lung cancers. Here, we report that plasma protein functional effector sncRNAs (pfeRNAs) serve as non-invasive biomarkers for determining both the existence and the nature of pulmonary nodules in a three-stage study that included the healthy group, patients with benign pulmonary nodules, patients with suspicious nodules, and patients with malignant nodules. Following the standards required for a clinical laboratory improvement amendments (CLIA)-compliant laboratory-developed test (LDT), we identified a pfeRNA classifier containing 8 pfeRNAs in 108 biospecimens from 60 patients by sncRNA deep sequencing, deduced prediction rules using a separate training cohort of 198 plasma specimens, and then applied the prediction rules to another 230 plasma specimens in an independent validation cohort. The pfeRNA classifier could (1) differentiate patients with or without pulmonary nodules with an average sensitivity and specificity of 96.2% and 97.35% and (2) differentiate malignant versus benign pulmonary nodules with an average sensitivity and specificity of 77.1% and 74.25%. Our biomarkers are cost-effective, non-invasive, sensitive, and specific, and the qPCR-based method provides the possibility for automatic testing of robotic applications.

A novel use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in uterine artery embolization

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Jemianne Bautista Jia ◽  
Eric Mastrolonardo ◽  
Mateen Soleman ◽  
Ilya Lekht
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Artery Embolization ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Artery Embolization ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a cost-effective, quick, and non-invasive imaging modality that has yet to be incorporated in uterine artery embolization (UAE). We present two cases that demonstrate the utility of CEUS in UAE for the identification of uterine-ovarian collaterals which otherwise can result in ineffective fibroid treatment and non-target embolization.

scholarly journals Non-invasive skin sampling of tryptophan/kynurenine ratio in vitro towards a skin cancer biomarker

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Skaidre Jankovskaja ◽  
Johan Engblom ◽  
Melinda Rezeli ◽  
György Marko-Varga ◽  
Tautgirdas Ruzgas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Cancer Biomarker ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Non Invasive

AbstractThe tryptophan to kynurenine ratio (Trp/Kyn) has been proposed as a cancer biomarker. Non-invasive topical sampling of Trp/Kyn can therefore serve as a promising concept for skin cancer diagnostics. By performing in vitro pig skin permeability studies, we conclude that non-invasive topical sampling of Trp and Kyn is feasible. We explore the influence of different experimental conditions, which are relevant for the clinical in vivo setting, such as pH variations, sampling time, and microbial degradation of Trp and Kyn. The permeabilities of Trp and Kyn are overall similar. However, the permeated Trp/Kyn ratio is generally higher than unity due to endogenous Trp, which should be taken into account to obtain a non-biased Trp/Kyn ratio accurately reflecting systemic concentrations. Additionally, prolonged sampling time is associated with bacterial Trp and Kyn degradation and should be considered in a clinical setting. Finally, the experimental results are supported by the four permeation pathways model, predicting that the hydrophilic Trp and Kyn molecules mainly permeate through lipid defects (i.e., the porous pathway). However, the hydrophobic indole ring of Trp is suggested to result in a small but noticeable relative increase of Trp diffusion via pathways across the SC lipid lamellae, while the shunt pathway is proposed to slightly favor permeation of Kyn relative to Trp.

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