scholarly journals Theoretical Basis of the Green Infrastructure Strategy: International Experience

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Local Level ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Ecological Planning ◽  
Spatial Sense ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Landscape Ecological ◽  
Design Protection

The Green Infrastructure Strategy is used in different directions related to the design, protection and protection of the environment. Purpose. Analyze international experience in using the concept of green infrastructure, identify the main theoretical and practical approaches to assessing green infrastructure, analyze how to integrate green infrastructure strategies into territorial planning and integrate natural resources management in Europe and the world into policies. Methods. Literary search, analysis, synthesis, synthesis. Results. An analysis of scientific sources on the issue of studying the concept of green infrastructure; a review of the literature in related studies that directly or indirectly relate to the green infrastructure. It has been established that there are certain regional differences in the use of the concept of green infrastructure in Europe, America, and Asia. Directions of practical research in this area depend on the goals, functions and existing elements of the green infrastructure. As a result, its methodology can be modified. The possibilities and limitations of its use in Ukraine are revealed. The green infrastructure strategy has the greatest application in Europe and the USA to provide the ecological basis for the economic development of the territory. Now it is characterized as a development inward to greater detail, and in a spatial sense - covering all large areas. Conclusions. Given the lack of implementation mechanisms in Ukraine for the concept of green infrastructure, it is advisable to integrate it into landscape-ecological planning and recommend using it at the local level with subsequent spreading over large areas.

scholarly journals The Integrated Approach to Landscape Management —Experience from Slovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zita Izakovičová ◽  
László Miklós ◽  
Viktória Miklósová ◽  
František Petrovič
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Management ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Ecological Planning ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Mutual Comparison ◽  
Landscape Ecological

The integrated approach to landscape management is generally accepted, but its application is not on the desired practical level. Sectoral approaches to decision-making and planning processes still dominate. The presented paper concerns selected aspects of integrated landscape management in Slovakia. This paper reflects the present state of the long-term effort and experiences of the authors in the integration of ecological knowledge in landscape management tools. The basic methodological procedure needed to achieve this goal consists of analysis, mutual comparison, and confrontation of the existing principles and tools used in applied landscape ecology, as well as in legislation and planning practice. The landscape ecological base for the implementation of scientific achievements in landscape management consists of two methods: landscape ecological planning and ecological network planning. These two methods were implemented into the legislation and practice of nature conservation, physical/territorial planning, watershed management, land arrangement projecting, forestry planning, and flood prevention management. Such systematic landscape ecological regulations in planning practice can be considered the basis for sustainable development.

scholarly journals Comparison of the current state of non-forest woody vegetation in two contrasted case study areas in Central Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Katarína Demková ◽  
Zdeněk Lipský
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Ecological Methods ◽  
Landscape Ecological

AbstractNon-forest woody vegetation (NFWV), as a part of green infrastructure, has gained a great deal of attention in recent years. Despite its importance in many productive and non-productive functions, an inventory (collection of quantitative and qualitative data) on a national or even on a local level is not available in many European countries. The main aim of this study is to carry out a comparison of two study areas (lowland and upland) from the perspective of the current state of NFWV. We investigate qualitative attributes of NFWV, its relation to environmental conditions and its spatial pattern. After manual vectorization of orthophotos, qualitative data were collected in the field. Using statistical and landscape-ecological methods, the relation between NFWV and environmental conditions, as well as its spatial pattern were assessed. Substantial differences in character and in the spatial pattern of NFWV were identified between the study areas. NFWV in the upland area has a higher proportion (2.6%) than in lowland study area (1.5%), and it also has a more heterogeneous spatial structure. Statistical analysis points to a significant relation between the NFWV and land cover types in both study areas. A significant relation between NFWV and soil types was identified only in the upland area, however, while an association with potential natural vegetation was found in the lowland study area.

Green Infrastructure and Ecological Technology Application Based on Lakes Overall Protection: A Case Study of Wolong Lake Area of Shengyang

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3947-3952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Cai Wang ◽  
Ying Cui
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Ecological Planning ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Landscape Ecological

This paper studied the green infrastructure and ecological technology application based on lakes overall protection, in the case of Wolong Lake area in Shenyang, Liaoning Province of China. Wolong Lake is located in boundary of Liaoning, Jilin and Inner Mongolia Province, and closed to Horqin sandy land. It is the second largest fresh water lake in northeast China, which is important node for eastern Asia bird migration and for migratory bird propagation in summer. It is the important ecological security strategy node in Liaoning Province and even in Northeast China for the ecological security effect of sand fixation, freshwater supply, birds conservation, etc. It has some practical significance for the study of lake and estuary landscape ecological planning in small town of Northeast China, especially for the the green infrastructure planning.

Concept of Power Decentralization in Political Science and Approaches to its Methodological Study

2017 ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
Halyna Kuzub
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Symbolic Interactionism ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Structural Functionalism

The problem of power decentralization is up to date in a modern political science. We can trace its historical genesis first in European and further in the USA political ideas. Decentralization of power was considered along with the study of a perfect state system, civil society and local self-government. It is argued that the major part of successful process of power decentralization in the Western Europe was due to the idea nature for their political culture. The article attempts to retrace the history of the idea of power decentralization. As a background of the investigations of such thinkers as J. Bodin, J. Althusius, J. Locke, J.-J. Rousseau, C.-L. Montesquieu, R. Owen, C. Fourier, J. S.Mill, T. Jefferson, A. de Tocqueville and M. Dragomanov were thoroughly investigated. The paper also considers the modern definitions of power decentralization. Likewise the value of structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism and constructivism are argued in terms of further surveys of power decentralization. To conclude, the author opines that civil servants training, their theoretical teaching and moral education have to become the main objectives in perspective investigations. Furthermore, the success of power decentralization depends not only on devoting authority by central government, but also on capacity of its implementation by deputies on the local level. Keywords: Decentralization of power, deconcentration of power, administrative and political decentralization, classical and non-classical philosophy, structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, construc-tivism

Dynamic evaluation of small urban green areas at local level using GEOBIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Popa ◽  
Diana Andreea Onose ◽  
Ionut Cosmin Sandric ◽  
Simona Raluca Gradinaru ◽  
Athanasios Alexandru Gavrilidis
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Dynamic Evaluation ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas

<p>Urban green infrastructure has various benefits known as ecosystem services such as regulating, cultural, provisioning and supporting services. Among the provided benefits there are decrease of air temperature, increasing humidity and mitigating urban heat island as regulating services; human-nature relations as cultural services; improving air quality, carbon sequestration as provisioning services and photosynthesis, nutrient and water cycling as supporting services. The high intensity of the urbanization process across the last decades coupled with weak legislative frameworks resulted both in large areas affected by urban sprawl and densification of the existing urban fabric. Both phenomenon generated loss in open spaces, especially green areas. In the context of the sustainable urbanization promoted by HABITAT Agenda, the knowledge related with the distribution, size and quality of urban green areas represents a priority. The study aim is to identify small urban green areas at local level at different time moments for a dynamic evaluation. We focused on small urban green areas since they are scarcely analysed even if their importance for the urban quality of life Is continuously increasing given the urbanization process. We used satellite imagery acquired by Planet Satellite Constellations, with a spatial resolution of 3.7 m and daily coverage, for extracting green areas. The images were processed using Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) techniques implemented in Esri ArcGIS Pro. The spatial analysis we performed generated information about distribution, surfaces, quality (based on NDVI) and dynamic of small urban green areas. The results are connected with the local level development of the urban areas we analysed, but also with the population consumption pattern for leisure services, housing, transport or other public utilities. The analysis can represent a complementary method for extracting green areas at urban level and can support the data collection for calculating urban sustainability indicators.</p>

scholarly journals The Construction of Ecological Security Patterns in Coastal Areas Based on Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment—A Case Study of Jiaodong Peninsula, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12249
Author(s):  
Yichen Yan ◽  
Hongrun Ju ◽  
Shengrui Zhang ◽  
Guokun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Ecological Planning ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
The North ◽  
Jiaodong Peninsula ◽  
Security Pattern ◽  
Landscape Ecological

Increasing land utilization, population aggregation and strong land–sea interaction make coastal areas an ecologically fragile environment. The construction of an ecological security pattern is important for maintaining the function of the coastal ecosystem. This paper takes Jiaodong Peninsula in China, a hilly coastal area, as an example for evaluating landscape ecological risk within a comprehensive framework of “nature–neighborhood–landscape”, based on spatial principal component analysis, and it constructs the ecological security pattern based on the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR). The results showed that the overall level of ecological risk in the study area was medium. The connectivity between the areas of low landscape ecological risk was relatively low, and the high risk areas were concentrated in the north of the Peninsula. A total of 11 key ecological corridors of three types (water, green space and road corridors) and 105 potential corridors were constructed. According to the ecological network pattern, landscape ecological optimization suggestions were proposed: key corridors in the north and south of Jiaodong Peninsula should be connected; urban development should consider current ecological sources and corridors to prevent landscape fragmentation; and the ecological roles of potential corridors should be strengthened. This paper can provide a theoretical and practical basis for ecological planning and urban master planning in coastal areas in the future.

Trust-culture leadership in local public administrators’ work

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Fairholm ◽  
Michael K. Dzordzormenyoh ◽  
Godlove A. Binda
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Public Administrators ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Leadership ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Public Leaders

Purpose Trust and culture are common themes in leadership literature and research. The purpose of this paper is it to describe an emergent model of trust-culture leadership from the comments of local government managers in the USA. The environment of local government requires a level of trust between government and citizens. Comments from local government managers suggest trust is also a component of leading public organizations. The elements of the model culled from practical insights serve to both verify and elucidate much of what is found in leadership theory in a local government context. Design/methodology/approach This research is based on qualitative interviews of practicing local government managers coupled with an analysis of essays on leadership also written by local government managers. Findings The research indicates eight elements of a model divided into three categories (descriptions of leadership in practice, tools and behaviors, and approaches to followers) that help to both describe and perhaps prescribe the work of trust-culture leadership in a local government context. Originality/value While some of what is summarized below is found in leadership literature already, the fact that these elements of leadership are intuitive to local government managers and internalized in their practice is significant. Linking both trust and culture in leadership literature is limited, and linking them both to the practical insights of public managers is even more unique. The findings verify that public leaders at the local level actually engage in leadership of a particular sort, that of trust-culture leadership. It highlights the priority of trust in local government administration. The elements of the model serve to offer public managers specific things to focus on to promote trust-culture leadership and suggest to public leadership scholars specific avenues for further investigation.

Sodium menu labelling: priorities for research and policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Eleanore Alexander ◽  
Lainie Rutkow ◽  
Kimberly A Gudzune ◽  
Joanna E Cohen ◽  
Emma E McGinty
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Legal Databases ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research And Policy

Abstract Objective: To understand the different Na menu labelling approaches that have been considered by state and local policymakers in the USA and to summarise the evidence on the relationship between Na menu labelling and Na content of menu items offered by restaurants or purchased by consumers. Design: Proposed and enacted Na menu labelling laws at the state and local levels were reviewed using legal databases and an online search, and a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted on the relationship between Na menu labelling and Na content of menu items offered by restaurants or purchased by consumers. Setting: Local and state jurisdictions in the USA Participants: Not applicable. Results: Between 2000 and 2020, thirty-eight laws – eleven at the local level and twenty-seven at the state level – were proposed to require Na labelling of restaurant menu items. By 2020, eight laws were enacted requiring chain restaurants to label the Na content of menu items. Five studies were identified that evaluated the impact of Na menu labelling on Na content of menu items offered by restaurants or purchased by consumers in the USA. The studies had mixed results: two studies showed a statistically significant association between Na menu labelling and reduced Na content of menu items; three showed no effects. Conclusion: Data suggest that Na menu labelling may reduce Na in restaurant menu items, but further rigorous research evaluating Na menu labelling effects on Na content of menu items, as well as on the Na content in menu items purchased by consumers, is needed.

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