scholarly journals Sex Differences in Oral Pathologies at the Late Classic Maya Site of Xcambó, Yucatán

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Cucina ◽  
Vera Tiesler Blos ◽  
Thelma Sierra Sosa
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Late Classic ◽  
Cultural Complexity ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Antemortem Tooth Loss ◽  
Maya Site ◽  
E Mail

The present study compares the frequency of oral pathologies—namely caries, antemortem tooth loss and periapical defects—between sexes in the Maya site of Xcambó, Yucatán, during the Late Classic Period (AD 600-900). There are marked differences in the occurrence of oral pathological conditions between the sexes in two of three major areas of the sites, despite evidence of archaeological and funerary homogeneity within the site. In these two compounds, females are significantly more affected by oral pathologies than males. In contrast, the third area of the site shows slightly higher frequencies in males, but with no significant sex difference. The results*Correspondence to: Andrea Cucina, Facultad de Ciencias Antropológicas, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexioco. E-mail: [email protected] been interpreted according to the site’s location, size and economic role within a larger trade network in the Yucatán peninsula. The higher frequency of oral pathologies in females is interpreted as the result of sex differences in dietary and behavioral patterns. Females likely had more maize in their diet and, because of their role in food preparation, may have ingested food more frequently during the day. At the same time, the lack of difference between sexes in the third area of the site contradicts the archaeological evidence of intrasite homogeneity, and it raises questions on the cultural complexity of this population.

Sex differences in age‐related bone loss and antemortem tooth loss in East‐Central Arizona (AD 1200‐1450)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca V. Mountain ◽  
Jordan A. Wilson ◽  
Cait B. McPherson ◽  
Robert M. Blew ◽  
James T. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
East Central ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Antemortem Tooth Loss ◽  
Central Arizona

SEX AND CROSSING OVER IN LINKAGE GROUP III OF TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Linkage Group ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
The Third ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

The relative position of the genes black (b), light ocular diaphragm (lod) and aureate (au) for the third linkage group of T. castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) has been determined as b – lod – au. The distances between the various genes vary, depending on the cross. The b++/+ lod au ♂ × + lod au/+ lod au ♀ crosses give the following recombination values: au – lod = 18.32 ± 1.21%; b – lod = 21.05 ± 1.51% and b – au = 37.43 ± 1.27%. The reciprocal crosses give au – lod = 27.67 ± 1.62%; b – lod = 13.97 ± 1.26% and b – au = 39.79 ± 1.78%. For the larger distances encompassed in the b – au region the recombination values in the two sexes were not significantly different. For the shorter b – lod region the recombination values were significantly larger in the females than in the males, while for the adjacent lod – au region the opposite was true. On the basis of the current literature it would appear that the main factors contributing to these sex differences in recombination are the modifiers which are different in the genetic background of the two sexes.

Stature at Tikal, Guatemala: Implications for Ancient Maya Demography and Social Organization

1967 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Haviland
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Classic Maya ◽  
Ancient Maya ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Late Classic ◽  
Class Division ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
Simple Class ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Maya Site

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of stature of the prehistoric population from the Maya site of Tikal, Guatemala. From this analysis, based on 55 skeletons from the Tikal burial series, three important conclusions emerge with respect to ancient Maya demography and social organization. (1) Tikal was settled by people of moderate stature, and this remained relatively stable over several centuries. A marked reduction in male stature in Late Classic times may be indicative of a situation of nutritional stress, which may have had something to do with the collapse of Classic Maya civilization. (2) Stature differences between those buried in tombs and others at Tikal suggest that, in the last century B.C., a distinct ruling class developed at Tikal. This simple class division of rulers and commoners may have become more complex in Late Classic times. (3) There was a marked sexual dimorphism in stature between males and females at Tikal. This is probably partially genetic and partially a reflection of relatively lower status for women as opposed to men in Maya society.

Ritual among the Masses: Deconstructing Identity and Class in an Ancient Maya Neighborhood

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Blackmore
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Ancient Maya ◽  
Late Classic ◽  
Class System ◽  
Maya Site ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Tacit Assumptions ◽  
Group Part

AbstractEquating a single cultural group to a classificatory scheme has implications for not only how archaeologists develop the concept of cultural identity but how we investigate and theorize about internal social dynamics within that same society. For the ancient Maya, social organization remains largely understood as a two-class system—that of commoner and elite. While these categories reflect the extreme ends of known social strata, they inadequately characterize the reality of day-to-day interactions. This has led to tacit assumptions that commoners did not participate in or comprehend the political and social complexity of the world around them. This paper examines how occupants of a Late Classic Maya neighborhood employed ritual and public practices as a means of social differentiation. Excavations at the Northeast Group, part of the ancient Maya site of Chan, Belize, identified considerable diversity between households, suggesting that occupants shaped status and identity through the control and centralization of ritual. Understanding how people distinguished themselves within the context of a neighborhood provides direct evidence of class complexity, challenging traditional models of commoner behavior and more importantly the role they played in ancient Maya society as a whole.

Phaseolus from Cerén—A Late Classic Maya Site

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Kaplan ◽  
David L. Lentz ◽  
Venicia Slotten ◽  
Payson Sheets ◽  
Angela N. Hood
Keyword(s):  
Classic Maya ◽  
Late Classic ◽  
Maya Site

Surfing the Third Wave: A Dialogue Between Two Third Wave Feminists

Hypatia ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Alfonso ◽  
Jo Trigilio
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Generation Gap ◽  
Feminist Philosophy ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Different Parts

As third wave feminist philosophers attending graduate schools in different parts of the country, we decided to use our e-mail discussion as the format for presenting our thinking on the subject of third wave feminism. Our analogue takes us through the subjects of postmodernism, the relationship between theory and practice, the generation gap, and the power relations associated with feminist philosophy as an established part of the academy.

scholarly journals Sex-related differences in local and whole-body heat loss responses: Physical or physiological?

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 843-843
Author(s):  
Daniel Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Metabolic Heat Production ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
The Third ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Body Heat

The current thesis examined whether sex differences in local and whole-body heat loss are evident after accounting for confounding differences in physical characteristics and rate of metabolic heat production. Three experimental studies were performed: the first examined whole-body heat loss in males and females matched for body mass and surface area during exercise at a fixed rate of metabolic heat production; the second examined local and whole-body heat loss responses between sexes during exercise at increasing requirements for heat loss; the third examined sex-differences in local sweating and cutaneous vasodilation to given doses of pharmacological agonists, as well as during passive heating. The first study demonstrated that females exhibit a lower whole-body sudomotor thermosensitivity (553 ± 77 vs. 795 ± 85 W·°C−1, p = 0.05) during exercise performed at a fixed rate of metabolic heat production. The second study showed that whole-body sudomotor thermosensitivity is similar between sexes at a requirement for heat loss of 250 W·m−2 (496 ± 139 vs. 483 ± 185 W·m−2·°C−1, p = 0.91) and 300 W·m−2 (283 ± 70 vs. 211 ± 66 W·m−2·°C−1, p = 0.17), only becoming greater in males at a requirement for heat loss of 350 W·m−2 (197 ± 61 vs. 82 ± 27 W·m−2·°C−1, p = 0.007). In the third study, a lower sweat rate to the highest concentration of acetylcholine (0.27 ± 0.08 vs. 0.48 ± 0.13 mg·min−1·cm−2, p = 0.02) and methacholine (0.41 ± 0.09 vs. 0.57 ± 0.11 mg·min−1·cm−2, p = 0.04) employed was evidenced in females, with no differences in cholinergic sensitivity. Taken together, the results of the current thesis show that sex itself can modulate sudomotor activity, specifically the thermosensitivity of the response, during both exercise and passive heat stress. Furthermore, the results of the third study point towards a peripheral modulation of the sweat gland as a mechanism responsible for the lower sudomotor thermosensitivity in females.

Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Vicenç Torra ◽  
Yasuo Narukawa ◽  
Sadaaki Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Fuzzy Clustering ◽  
Heuristic Algorithms ◽  
Autonomous Mobile Robots ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
The Third ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Selection Of

This special issue presents seven papers that are revised and expanded versions of papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on "Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence" (MDAI). This conference, that took place in Tsukuba (Japan) in July 2005, was the second of the series of MDAI conferences that were initiated in 2004 in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain). In April 2006, the third edition was held in Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain) and the fourth one is planned in Kitakyushu (Japan) in August 2007. These series of conferences were initiated to foster the use of decision related tools as well as information fusion technologies within artificial intelligence applications. In this issue, we present enhanced version of seven papers presented in the conference. The first paper describes a tool that uses fuzzy logic and neural networks for assigning a treatment to rheumatism. The selection of the appropriate treatment follows oriental medicine. The second paper by Wanyama and Far describes a tool for trade-off analysis to be used in those situations related with decision making in which there is no dominant solution. The third paper is devoted to autonomous mobile robots. The authors describe a multi-layered fuzzy control system for the self-localization of the robot. Two papers devoted to fuzzy clustering follow in this issue. First, one that presents a regularization approach with nonlinear membership weights. One of the proposed methods makes not only possible to perform attraction of data to clusters but also repulsion between different clusters. The second paper on clustering proposes the simultaneous application of homogeneity analysis and fuzzy clustering through the consideration of an appropriate objective function that includes two types of memberships. The sixth paper presents a tool for e-mail classification. The tool brings the name of FIS-CRM that stands for Fuzzy Interrelations and Synonymy Conceptual Representation Model. The issue finishes with a paper on meta-heuristic algorithms for a class of container loading problems. To finish this introduction, we would like to thank the referees for their work on the review process as well as to thank Prof. Hirota, Editor-in-Chief of this journal, for providing us with the opportunity to edit this special issue. The help of Kazuki Ohmori and Kenta Uchino from Fuji Technology Press Ltd. is also acknowledged.

Errata

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-291
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Barnett Shale ◽  
Fort Worth ◽  
Normal Faulting ◽  
Fort Worth Basin ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mail Address ◽  
E Mail

The March 2020 TLE article by Alexandrov et al., “Normal faulting activated by hydraulic fracturing: A case study from the Barnett Shale, Fort Worth Basin,” contained an error in the third author's affiliation and e-mail address. Umair bin Waheed's correct affiliation is King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, and the correct e-mail address for the author is [email protected] .

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