Asap Cair dari Cangkang Sawit sebagai Bahan Baku Industri

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Fauziati Fauziati ◽  
Haspiadi Haspiadi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Food Preservative ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Industrial Material ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Grade 3

Oil Palm shells , which are agricultural by-products from palm oil processing that contain many chemical compounds has potential to developed into industrial materials. Research has been done show that oil palm shells can be used to produce liquid smoke by pyrolysis method. The main composition of oil palm shell is hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin. Pyrolysis process of oil palm shells can produced more than 400 active compounds that can be used as an industrial material. In the pyrolysis process hemicelluloses will be degraded into acids, cellulose. Whereas, lignin degraded into phenol. The compound is the role as an antibacterial and antioxidant and  beneficial to a preservative food, wood, latex and fertilizer. To get the liquid smoke with good quality needed refining because  there are also carcinogenic compounds such as benzoperen /tar. Liquid smoke produced by the process of purifying having the quality of different namely grade 1 as a food preservative , grade 2 as a food preservative raw materials such as raw meat and raw fish and grade 3 as preservative or coagulant latex and wood. Liquid smoke grade 1 and grade 2 obtained from the furification by filtration, destilation and the addition of adsorbents such as zeolites and activative charcoal. Ekpecially for the liquid smoke as an anticeptic in addition to the necessary compounds containing the active components is also required pungent aroma and color of the clear liquid smoke.ABSTRAKCangkang sawit merupakan sisa pengolahan kelapa sawit yang banyak mengandung senyawa kimia dan memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi bahan industri. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa cangkang  kelapa sawit dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan asap cair. Komposisi utama cangkang kelapa sawit adalah hemiselulosa, selulosa dan lignin. Proses pirolisis dari cangkang kelapa sawit dapat menghasilkan lebih dari 400 senyawa aktif yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan industri. Dari proses pirolisi hemiselulosa akan terdegrdasi menjadi asam, selulosa, karbonil, sedangkan lignin terdegradasi menjadi phenol. Senyawa tersebut mempunyai peranan sebagai bahan antibakteri, antioksidan dan bermanfaat untuk pengawetan bahan pangan, lateks, kayu, pupuk. Untuk mendapatkan asap cair dengan mutu yang baik diperlukan pemurnian karena masih mengandung  senyawa-senyawa yang bersifat karsinogenik seperti benzoperen/tar. Asap cair yang dihasilkan dengan proses pemurnian memiliki mutu berbeda-beda yaitu grade 1 sebagai bahan pengawet makanan siap saji, grade 2 sebagai bahan pengawet bahan makanan mentah dan grade 3 sebagai bahan pengawet atau penggumpal lateks dan kayu. Asap cair grade 1 dan grade 2 diperoleh dari hasil pemurnian dengan penyaringan, destilasi dan penambahan adsorben seperti zeolit dan arang aktif. Sedangkan asap cair grade 3 diperoleh dari hasil pirolisis  cangkang sawit  kemudian disaring tanpa dilakukan redistilasi dan penambahan adsorben seperti zeolit dan arang aktif. Khusus untuk asap cair sebagai bahan antiseptik selain diperlukan senyawa yang mengandung komponen aktif juga diperlukan aroma yang tidak menyengat dan warna asap cair yang jernih.  Kata Kunci : Asap cair, cangkang  kelapa sawit, pirolisis, senyawa aktif 

The Opportunities of Oil Palm Fronds Become a Commercial Liquid Smoke

2019 ◽  
Vol 948 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Seri Maulina ◽  
Fadhil Al Faruq Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Good Prospect ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Food Preservative ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Oil Palm Fronds ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
Palm Fronds

The purpose of this study is to review the diversification process of oil palm fronds into commercial liquid smoke products. The pyrolysis process of oil palm fronds at 250 °C for 2h was performed to produce crude liquid smoke and followed distillation process at 125, 150, 175 and 200 °C for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min to separate tar as a contributor dark color in liquid smoke. By titration method, the distilled liquid smoke has 5.15% of acetic acid at pH = 2.3 and this result in accordance with FAO standard. The composition of an organic acid, carbonyl, and phenolic compounds were 45.46, 23.08, 29.60 percentages, respectively in distilled liquid smoke and classified as refined liquid smoke. These results indicated that liquid smoke generated from oil palm fronds has a good prospect as a commercial product and suitable for food preservative in the further study based on chemical characteristics.

scholarly journals Kemampuan jamur pelapuk kayu isolat JPA dan Trichoderma Sp. S2-2 dalam mendegradasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit untuk menghasilkan selulosa The capability of wood rot fungus JPA isolate and Trichoderma sp. S2-2 in degradation of oil palm empty fruit bunches to produce cellulose

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. ALHIDAYATULLAH ◽  
Lisdar I SUDIRMAN1 ◽  
Okky Setyawati DHARMAPUTRA
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract  Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are the ligno-cellulosic wastes from palm oil processing. They can be used to produce raw materials for value-added products. The purpose of this study was to determine the degradation capacity of JPA wood rot fungi and Trichoderma sp. S2-2 on OPEFB. The 500 g of substrates consisted of 81% of OPEFB, 15% bran, 1.5% lime and 1.5% gypsum were used for growing. The substrates were inoculated with five treatments i.e without isolate (K); with JPA isolate (JPA); with Trichoderma sp. S2-2 (T); with the two isolates (JPA + T); and with JPA isolate and after four weeks of incubation inoculated with Trichoderma sp. S2-2 [(JPA)+T]. All treatments were incubated for eight weeks. The results showed that JPA+T was the best treatment which the two isolates must be inoculated simultaneously for degradation of OPEFB. Lignin and cellulose content on JPA+T treatment respectively were 20.83% and 33.77%. C/N ratio of OPEFB degraded with JPA+T was lower than the C/N ratio of TKKS degraded with Trichoderma harzianum and TKKS degraded with EM4 in previous study. AbstrakTandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah lignoselulosa dari pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit. TKKS dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memperoleh bahan baku untuk produk bernilai tambah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan degradasi jamur pelapuk kayu isolat JPA dan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 pada TKKS. Sebanyak 500 g substrat terdiri dari 81% TKKS, 15% dedak, 1,5% kapur, dan 1,5% gypsum digunakan untuk per-tumbuhan. Substrat diinokulasi dengan lima perlakuan yaitu tanpa isolat (K); dengan isolat JPA (JPA); dengan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 (T); dengan isolat JPA dan setelah empat minggu inkubasi, diinokulasi dengan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 [(JPA+T)]. Semua perlakuan diinkubasi selama delapan minggu. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan JPA+T adalah perlakuan terbaik yaitu kedua isolat tesebut harus diinokulasi secara bersamaan untuk mendegradasi TKKS. Kandungan lignin dan selulosa TKKS dengan  perlakuan  JPA+T   masing-masing  adalah  20,83% dan 33,77%. Rasio C/N TKKS hasil degradasi dengan JPA+T lebih  rendah  daripada  rasio C/N pada TKKS yang didegradasi dengan Trichoderma harzianum dan TKKS yang didegradasi dengan EM4 pada penelitian sebelumnya.

scholarly journals Kajian Tekno-Ekonomi Produksi Reaktor Pirolisis dalam Menghasilkan Bioarang dan Asap Cair

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemas Ridhuan ◽  
Dwi Irawan ◽  
Yulita Zanaria
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Good Prospect ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
The Cost

The techno-economy of pyrolysis products is very important because it is related to the profit and loss of production business. On the other hand, this product is very potential and good prospect, due to it can generate energy from wasted and problematic environmental waste. In addition, the equipment is very simple and very easy to make, maintain and operate, it does not require a large cost or capital. The research objective is to determine the economic value and BEP (Break Even Point) of pyrolysis combustion in producing liquid smoke and bio charcoal with biomass raw materials. Figure the characteristics of liquid smoke and bio-charcoal obtained such as heat value, pH, acid, specific gravity, viscosity, and color. The method used is initiated by testing the pyrolysis reactor, at this stage bio-charcoal products and liquid smoke are obtained, influenced by such as pyrolysis temperature, processing time and equipment. Followed by making bio charcoal briquette, this stage is mashed charcoal, making dough or packing, drying, then printing briquettes. And finally the process of re-liquidation of liquid smoke, by means of redestilation or continued heating so that it will produce liquid smoke grade 3, grade 2, and grade 1. The results obtained are known to have an economic cost of Rp. 244.720.000, and for equipment depreciation costs Rp. 144.839.000. For the cost of production per year, that is Rp. 100.925.000 and for the variable cost per kg, which is Rp. 4.888/kg. The initial capital required is Rp. 129.839.000. For the production cost of Rp. 7.476/kg. For the total price of sales is Rp. 100.939.306 and for BEP (Rp) which is Rp. 100.939.306 and BEP (kg) which is Rp. 13.495/kg. Keywords: BEP, economy, pyrolysis, bio charcoal, liquid smoke.

scholarly journals Pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui penerapan teknologi pengawetan dan pengolahan batang sawit untuk bahan baku mebel dekoratif

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Fakhri Fakhri ◽  
Alfian Malik ◽  
Pedia Aldy ◽  
Elianora Elianora ◽  
Zulkifli Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Valuable Product

Oil palm trunk is one of the biomass that has not been utilized and becomes waste in the former oil palm replanting location. The application of palm oil processing technology for furniture raw materials can provide solutions to target audiences to be utilized and developed in the future. The aim of the community service activity is to assist the processing of oil palm stems for the production of furniture that has distinctive features and high selling value. The method of implementing the activity is theoretical assistance and direct practice to target audiences regarding palm oil processing technology for decorative furniture products. Achievement measurement tools consist of theoretical understanding and application suitability in the field. The results of these activities can be implemented by various prototypes of furniture products. The partner's knowledge of the wood processing business makes the transfer of science and technology for the use of oil palm trunks easier to implement. Socio-economically for the local community is very beneficial because it can change the perception of the existence of palm oil stems which have been considered as waste into a potential that can be utilized for an economically valuable product.

scholarly journals Simulation Analysis of the Pyrolysis Process for the Production of Syngas from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 927 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
Taufiq Bin Nur ◽  
Justin Kongnardi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Condensation Process ◽  
Pyrolysis Process

Abstract There have been many efforts to reduce the use of fossil fuels and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by using renewable energy (solar energy, wind energy, water energy, and energy obtained from biomass) as a substitute for fossil fuels. As one of the largest CPO producers globally, Indonesia produces 4 kilograms of dry biomass for every 1 kilogram of oil palm produced. The biomass conversion process into synthetic gas (syngas) can be carried out using the pyrolysis process. The syngas can be used as an alternative fuel for an internal combustion engine. This study aims to simulate the pyrolysis process to obtain syngas’ characteristics made from oil palm empty bunches (EFBs) and palm fiber. Around 4 kg EFB and 2 kg of fiber are used as pyrolysis raw materials. The Aspen Plus simulation was used to design and analyzed the pyrolysis flow processes. The results showed that the hot syngas produced at a working temperature of 450°C to 650°C was 1.475 kg/hr to 1.587 kg/hr. The cold syngas produced is 0.969 kg/hr to 1.407 kg/hr. The heating value of hot syngas is 10,348 kJ/kg to 14,213.55 kJ/kg, and cold syngas is 15,751.51 kJ/kg to 16,022.7 kJ/kg. Change in syngas composition between hot and cold syngas is due to the condensation process. The minimum condenser area required to produce cold syngas for 6 kg and 500 kg biomass pyrolysis raw material are 25.5 m2 and 632.2 m2, respectively.

scholarly journals Kemampuan jamur pelapuk kayu isolat JPA dan Trichoderma Sp. S2-2 dalam mendegradasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit untuk menghasilkan selulosa The capability of wood rot fungus JPA isolate and Trichoderma sp. S2-2 in degradation of oil palm empty fruit bunches to produce cellulose

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. ALHIDAYATULLAH ◽  
Lisdar I SUDIRMAN1 ◽  
Okky Setyawati DHARMAPUTRA
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract  Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are the ligno-cellulosic wastes from palm oil processing. They can be used to produce raw materials for value-added products. The purpose of this study was to determine the degradation capacity of JPA wood rot fungi and Trichoderma sp. S2-2 on OPEFB. The 500 g of substrates consisted of 81% of OPEFB, 15% bran, 1.5% lime and 1.5% gypsum were used for growing. The substrates were inoculated with five treatments i.e without isolate (K); with JPA isolate (JPA); with Trichoderma sp. S2-2 (T); with the two isolates (JPA + T); and with JPA isolate and after four weeks of incubation inoculated with Trichoderma sp. S2-2 [(JPA)+T]. All treatments were incubated for eight weeks. The results showed that JPA+T was the best treatment which the two isolates must be inoculated simultaneously for degradation of OPEFB. Lignin and cellulose content on JPA+T treatment respectively were 20.83% and 33.77%. C/N ratio of OPEFB degraded with JPA+T was lower than the C/N ratio of TKKS degraded with Trichoderma harzianum and TKKS degraded with EM4 in previous study. AbstrakTandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah lignoselulosa dari pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit. TKKS dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memperoleh bahan baku untuk produk bernilai tambah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan degradasi jamur pelapuk kayu isolat JPA dan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 pada TKKS. Sebanyak 500 g substrat terdiri dari 81% TKKS, 15% dedak, 1,5% kapur, dan 1,5% gypsum digunakan untuk per-tumbuhan. Substrat diinokulasi dengan lima perlakuan yaitu tanpa isolat (K); dengan isolat JPA (JPA); dengan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 (T); dengan isolat JPA dan setelah empat minggu inkubasi, diinokulasi dengan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 [(JPA+T)]. Semua perlakuan diinkubasi selama delapan minggu. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan JPA+T adalah perlakuan terbaik yaitu kedua isolat tesebut harus diinokulasi secara bersamaan untuk mendegradasi TKKS. Kandungan lignin dan selulosa TKKS dengan  perlakuan  JPA+T   masing-masing  adalah  20,83% dan 33,77%. Rasio C/N TKKS hasil degradasi dengan JPA+T lebih  rendah  daripada  rasio C/N pada TKKS yang didegradasi dengan Trichoderma harzianum dan TKKS yang didegradasi dengan EM4 pada penelitian sebelumnya.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Liquid Smoke of Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus. L.) Waste with Pyrolysis Method and Potentially as Biopesticide

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Fransisca Christina Dewi ◽  
Sumiyati Tuhuteru ◽  
Andi Aladin ◽  
Dan Setiyawati Yani
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Physical Content ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Grade 3

This study aims to determine the yield and quality of liquid smoke in the form of pH values, acid levels, and phenol levels from the burning of red fruit seed waste as raw material for grade 3 liquid smoke using pyrolysis equipment. Liquid smoke is used as an alternative food preservative and flavor enhancer that it can use in the food processing industry to minimize the use of harmful preservatives such as formalin. But it also can be used as a biopesticide in agriculture so that it becomes an alternative to chemical pesticides in controlling pests. It was researched at the Research Laboratory of the Chemical Engineering Department FTI UMI Makassar in July 2020 and the Agrotechnology Laboratory of the Petra Baliem Wamena Agricultural Science College in April 2021. The research activity began by making grade 3 liquid smoke because liquid smoke can be used as a biopesticide at this level. Then proceed with the analysis of the chemical and physical content of liquid smoke. The research method used was an experimental method with six replications on the amount of red fruit seed waste 500 g, 1000 g, and 1500 g. The pyrolysis process was carried out at temperatures ranging from 300-400ºC for 180 minutes. The results of the observations from the tests carried out showed that the liquid smoke of red fruit seed waste produced was more in the weight or quantity of red fruit seed waste 1000 g was BM2 treatment which had a pH value of 3.35, the acid content of 14.20%, total phenol content of 4.91%, quite brown. Thick and smells like liquid smoke. The high levels of acid ranging from 13.73-14.20% and high levels of phenol ranging from 4.91-5.11% compared to previous studies with raw materials for liquid smoke of rice husks, coconut shells, and organic waste, made the liquid smoke of red fruit seed waste as a biopesticide with repellant and anti-inflammatory properties. Insects ate them because acids and phenols can provide an aromatic that insects do not like.

scholarly journals Pembuatan Asap Cair Guna Mendukung Pertanian Organik di Desa Bulusari, Kecamatan Kalipuro, Kabupaten Banyuwangi

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefri Ton ◽  
Dwi Ahmad Priyadi ◽  
Yeddid Yonatan Darma
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Food Preservative ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
The People ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Organic Pesticides ◽  
New Jobs

Bulusari is a village located in Kalipuro District. This area consists of settlements, agricultural land and plantations. The villagers live in 3 hamlets, namely Bulupayung, Kopensere, and Plampang. The typical residential area here is a typical plantation house. The houses of the surrounding residents are planted with coffee and a few cloves. The agricultural land is planted with rice, cassava, coconut and fruit. Bulusari also has a wood serkel business. The wood serkel business leaves a lot of waste wood being wasted. The purpose of this activity is to assist the community in utilizing wood waste and producing superior products. The method of implementing this activity is the introduction of innovations in the form of utilizing wood waste into liquid smoke, designing and manufacturing tools, practice of using tools, application of using liquid smoke. The technology applied is able to produce liquid smoke with grade 3 and grade 2. The use of this liquid smoke is as a vegetable/organic pesticide, and food preservative. The production of liquid smoke is also expected to be able to provide organic pesticides and create new jobs for the people of Bulusari Village.

scholarly journals PIROLISIS PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT UNTUK MENGHASILKAN FENOL PADA ASAP CAIR

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Seri Maulina ◽  
Nurtahara ◽  
Fakhradila
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Phenol Compounds ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Uv Visible

Palm midrib is a waste in oil palm plantations that containing cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin compounds. Palm midrib pyrolysis will produce phenol derived from lignin. The purpose of this study was to obtain phenol compounds as a function of time and temperature. The pyrolysis process was carried out at 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C with variation of pyrolysis time of 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes. The analysis was performed using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The content of phenol compounds in liquid smoke increases with the rise of temperature and pyrolysis time. The highest total phenol content in liquid smoke was obtained at 600 °C for 90 minutes pyrolysis, which was 17.966%.

scholarly journals Utilization of Biochar and Liquid Smoke to Increase Livestock Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Novia Qomariyah ◽  
Y Retnani ◽  
A Jayanegara ◽  
E Wina ◽  
I G Permana
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Bamboo Charcoal ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Livestock Productivity

Biochar and liquid smoke may be utilized as feed additives that potentially used as substitutes for antibiotics. These products are derived from the pyrolysis process that utilizes agricultural, plantation and wood residues. This paper aims to review research results regarding the use of biochar and liquid smoke as feed additives in both non-ruminants and ruminants. Information on the use of of biochar and liquid smoke in livestock are available such as the use of 0.5-1 g bamboo charcoal/ kg goat feed increased growth; addition of 0.2-0.6% corn cobs char to chicken feed showed significant increase in body weight; the addition of 0.6% biochar/ kg feed to local cattle feed increased body weight; the use of activated charcoal containing wood vinegar liquid can reduce cryptosporidiosis in goats and cattle. The opportunity to use agricultural and plantation residues as raw materials for generating biochar and liquid smoke is one of the breakthroughs in realizing the concept of sustainable and environmentally friendly of bioindustrial agriculture. The use of biochar and liquid smoke from agricultural and plantation residues is expected to increase livestock productivity.

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