scholarly journals Effects of shoes on kinetics and kinematics of the squash forward lunge in male players

Kinesiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sinclair ◽  
Paul John Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Motion Analysis System ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Chronic Injuries ◽  
Tibial Acceleration ◽  
Analysis System

Squash is associated with a high incidence of chronic injuries. Currently there is a trend in many sports for players to select minimalist footwear. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the effects of squashspecific, running shoes and minimalist footwear on the kinetics and 3-D kinematics of the lunge movement in squash players. Twelve male squash players performed lunge movements whilst wearing minimalist, running shoe and squash-specific footwear. 3-D kinematics of the lower extremities were measured using an eightcamera motion analysis system alongside kinetic and tibial acceleration information which were obtained using a force platform and an accelerometer. Differences between footwear were examined using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. The results show firstly that loading rate parameters were significantly greater in the minimalist (average = 85.36B.W/s and instantaneous = 179.09B.W/s) footwear in relation to the squashspecific (average = 38.66 B.W/s and instantaneous = 50.73B.W/s) and running footwear (average = 37.62B.W/s and instantaneous = 48.14B.W/s). In addition, tibial acceleration parameters were also significantly greater in the minimalist (peak tibial acceleration = 8.45 g and tibial acceleration slope = 422.28g/s) footwear in relation to the squash-specific (peak tibial acceleration = 4.33 g and tibial acceleration slope = 182.57g/s) and running footwear (peak tibial acceleration = 4.81 g and tibial acceleration slope = 226.72g/s). The significant increase in impact loading in the minimalist footwear therefore suggests this type of shoe may place squash players at an increased risk of developing impact-related chronic injuries.

scholarly journals Effects of Court Specific and Minimalist Footwear on the Biomechanics of a Maximal 180° Cutting Manoeuvre

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Kenneth Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Tibial Acceleration

AbstractPurpose. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the effects of different footwear on the kinetics and kinematics of performing a 180° cutting manoeuvre.Methods. Nine male participants performed maximal 180° cut movements in court shoes, minimalist footwear, energy return, and conventional running shoes. Lower limb kinematic data were collected with the use of an 8 camera motion capture system, ground reaction forces were quantified with an embedded force platform, and tibial accelerations were obtained by means of an accelerometer. Differences in kinetics and kinematics between footwear were examined by one-way repeated measures ANOVA.Results. The results showed that both instantaneous loading rate and peak tibial acceleration were significantly larger in the minimalist (282.91 BW/s and 6.38 g) and court (326.67 BW/s and 6.35 g) footwear compared with the conventional (143.19 BW/s and 5.46 g) and energy return (106.14 BW/s and 4.98 g) footwear. In addition, peak inversion was revealed to be significantly larger in the minimalist (16.36°) than in conventional (11.86°), court (12.61°), and energy return (10.12°) footwear.Conclusions. These findings indicate that minimalist and court footwear may place athletes at increased risk from injury when performing 180° cut movements.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF FOOTWEAR VARIATIONS ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL KINEMATICS AND TIBIAL ACCELERATIONS OF SPECIFIC MOVEMENTS IN AMERICAN FOOTBALL

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750026 ◽  
Author(s):  
J SINCLAIR ◽  
E ROONEY ◽  
R NAEMI ◽  
S ATKINS ◽  
N CHOCKALINGAM
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
American Football ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
3D Kinematics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chronic Injuries ◽  
Tibial Acceleration

American football is associated with a high rate of non-contact chronic injuries. Players are able to select from both high and low cut footwear. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the influence of high and low cut American football specific footwear on tibial accelerations and three-dimensional (3D) kinematics during three sport specific movements. Twelve male American football players performed three movements, run, cut and vertical jump whilst wearing both low and high cut footwear. 3D kinematics of the lower extremities were measured using an eight-camera motion analysis system alongside tibial acceleration parameters which were obtained using a shank mounted accelerometer. Tibial acceleration and 3D kinematic differences between the different footwear were examined using either repeated measures or Friedman’s ANOVA. Tibial accelerations were significantly greater in the low cut footwear in comparison to the high cut footwear for the run and cut movements. In addition, peak ankle eversion and tibial internal rotation parameters were shown to be significantly greater in the low cut footwear in the running and cutting movement conditions. The current study indicates that the utilization of low cut American football footwear for training/performance may place American footballers at increased risk from chronic injuries.

scholarly journals Effects of barefoot and minimally shod footwear on effective mass – implications for transient musculoskeletal loading

Kinesiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sinclair ◽  
Philip Stainton ◽  
Sarah Jane Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Effective Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Barefoot Running ◽  
Instantaneous Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Transient Forces

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the effects of barefoot and minimally shod footwear on effective mass, and determine the implications that this has for transient loading during running. Fifteen male runners ran at 4.0 m/s in five different footwear conditions (barefoot, running trainer, Nike-free, Inov-8 and Vibram five-fingers). Kinematics were collected using an 8 camera motion capture system and ground reaction forces via an embedded force platform. Effective mass was examined using impulse-momentum modelling and differences between footwear were examined using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. The findings showed that effective mass was significantly larger in the barefoot (11.47 %BW), Nike-free (9.81 %BW), Inov-8 (12.10 %BW) and Vibram five-fingers (8.84 %BW) compared to the running trainer (6.86 %BW). Furthermore, instantaneous loading rate was significantly larger in the barefoot (347.55 BW/s), Nike-free (178.76 BW/s), Inov-8 (369.93 BW/s) and Vibram five-fingers (339.37 BW/s) compared to the running trainer (133.18 BW/s). It was also revealed that there were significant positive associations between effective mass and the instantaneous rate of loading for each footwear. The findings from the current investigation indicate that effective mass has key implications for the generation of transient forces and also that running barefoot and in minimally shod footwear may place runners at increased risk from impact related injuries compared to the traditional running shoes

scholarly journals Influence of Maximal Running Shoes on Biomechanics Before and After a 5K Run

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 232596711877572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine D. Pollard ◽  
Justin A. Ter Har ◽  
J.J. Hannigan ◽  
Marc F. Norcross
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Impact Peak ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Running Biomechanics

Background: Lower extremity injuries are common among runners. Recent trends in footwear have included minimal and maximal running shoe types. Maximal running shoes are unique because they provide the runner with a highly cushioned midsole in both the rearfoot and forefoot. However, little is known about how maximal shoes influence running biomechanics. Purpose: To examine the influence of maximal running shoes on biomechanics before and after a 5-km (5K) run as compared with neutral running shoes. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Fifteen female runners participated in 2 testing sessions (neutral shoe session and maximal shoe session), with 7 to 10 days between sessions. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were collected while participants ran along a 10-m runway. After 5 running trials, participants completed a 5K treadmill run, followed by 5 additional running trials. Variables of interest included impact peak of the vertical ground-reaction force, loading rate, and peak eversion. Differences were determined by use of a series of 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance models (shoe × time). Results: A significant main effect was found for shoe type for impact peak and loading rate. When the maximal shoe was compared with the neutral shoe before and after the 5K run, participants exhibited an increased loading rate (mean ± SE: pre–maximal shoe, 81.15 body weights/second [BW/s] and pre–neutral shoe, 60.83 BW/s [ P < .001]; post–maximal shoe, 79.10 BW/s and post–neutral shoe, 61.22 BW/s [ P = .008]) and increased impact peak (pre–maximal shoe, 1.76 BW and pre–neutral shoe, 1.58 BW [ P = .004]; post–maximal shoe, 1.79 BW and post–neutral shoe, 1.55 BW [ P = .003]). There were no shoe × time interactions and no significant findings for peak eversion. Conclusion: Runners exhibited increased impact forces and loading rate when running in a maximal versus neutral shoe. Because increases in these variables have been associated with an increased risk of running-related injuries, runners who are new to running in a maximal shoe may be at an increased risk of injury. Clinical Relevance: Understanding the influence of running footwear as an intervention that affects running biomechanics is important for clinicians so as to reduce patient injury.

Effects of conventional and minimalist footwear on patellofemoral and Achilles tendon kinetics during netball specific movements

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sinclair ◽  
S. Atkins ◽  
P.J. Taylor ◽  
H. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Knee Loading ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Predictive Methods ◽  
Chronic Injuries ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Patellofemoral Pressure

Netball is a physically demanding sport that is associated with a high incidence of chronic injuries. Currently there is a trend towards the utilisation of minimalist footwear in netball players as opposed to more conventional netball trainers. The current investigation aimed to examine the effects of netball specific and minimalist footwear on patellofemoral and Achilles tendon loads during netball specific motions. Fifteen female netballers performed both run and cut movements when wearing conventional netball footwear and also a minimalist trainer. Kinematics of the lower extremities were quantified using a motion analysis system alongside ground reaction force information which was obtained using a force platform. Patellofemoral force (PTF), patellofemoral pressure (PP) and Achilles tendon forces (ATF) were quantified using predictive methods and examined between footwear using repeated measures ANOVA. The results indicate that patellofemoral loads (run – PTF: netball specific = 5.56 / minimalist = 4.74 body weight (BW); – PP: netball specific = 13.17 / minimalist = 11.89 MPa; cut – PTF: netball specific = 5.65 / minimalist = 4.82 BW; – PP; netball specific = 14.05 / minimalist = 12.88 MPa) were significantly larger in the conventional footwear compared to minimalist in both movements. Achilles tendon forces (run: netball specific = 4.43 / minimalist = 5.47; cut: netball specific = 4.32 / minimalist = 5.29 BW) were however significantly larger in the minimalist compared to the conventional footwear. Taking the proposed association between knee loading and patellofemoral pathology, the risk from knee injuries in netballers may be reduced via minimalist footwear. However, taking into account the equivalent increases in Achilles tendon forces, this may increase the likelihood of overuse Achilles tendon injuries.

A comparison of several barefoot inspired footwear models in relation to barefoot and conventional running footwear

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sinclair ◽  
S.J. Hobbs ◽  
G. Currigan ◽  
P.J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Motion Analysis System ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Impact Parameters ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Rearfoot Eversion ◽  
Camera Motion Analysis

This study examined differences in kinetics and kinematics between barefoot and shod running, as well as between several barefoot inspired footwear models. Fifteen participants ran at 4.0 m/s ±5% in each footwear condition. Lower extremity kinematics in the sagittal, coronal and transverse planes were measured using an eight camera motion analysis system alongside ground reaction force parameters. Impact parameters and joint kinematics were subsequently compared using repeated measures ANOVAs. The kinetic analysis revealed that, compared to the conventional footwear, impact parameters were significantly greater in the barefoot and more minimal in barefoot inspired footwear. Running barefoot and in the minimal barefoot inspired footwear was associated with increases in flexion parameters of the knee and ankle at footstrike in relation to the conventional footwear. Finally, the results indicated that the barefoot and minimal barefoot inspired footwear were associated with greater peak eversion magnitude when compared to the conventional footwear. This study suggests that in barefoot and more minimalist barefoot inspired footwear running is associated with impact kinetics and rearfoot eversion parameters, previously linked to an increased risk of overuse injury, when compared to conventional shod running.

Acute Effect of Front Crawl Sprint Resisted Swimming on the Propulsive Forces of the Hand

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassilios Gourgoulis ◽  
Nikolaos Aggeloussis ◽  
Georgios Mavridis ◽  
Alexia Boli ◽  
Panagiotis Kasimatis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Resultant Force ◽  
Added Resistance ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Drag And Lift ◽  
Analysis System

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the acute effect of sprint resisted front crawl swimming on the propulsive forces of the hand. Eight female swimmers swam 25 m with maximal intensity, with and without added resistance. A bowl with a capacity of 2.2, 4 and 6 L was used as low, moderate and high added resistance, respectively. The underwater motion of the swimmer’s right hand was recorded using 4 cameras (60 Hz) and the digitization was undertaken using the Ariel Performance Analysis System. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that the velocity of the hand, the pitch and the sweepback angles of the hand, as well as the magnitude and the relative contribution of the drag and lift forces were not significantly modified and thus the magnitude of the resultant force did not change. Moreover, the magnitude of the effective force, as well as the angle formed between the resultant force and the axis of the swimming propulsion were not significantly affected. Thus, it could be concluded that resistance added as in this study did not alter the pattern of the propulsive hand forces associated with front crawl sprinting.

Influence of barefoot, barefoot inspired and conventional shoes on tibial accelerations and loading kinetics during running in natural rearfoot strikers

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sinclair ◽  
P.J. Taylor ◽  
S. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Impact Loading ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Barefoot Running ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tibial Acceleration ◽  
Main Effects

Running barefoot and in footwear designed to mimic barefoot locomotion, has received considerable attention in footwear research. This study examined the differences in impact force and tibial acceleration parameters. Ten male participants completed 10 trials when running barefoot, in vibram five-fingers and in conventional footwear at three locomotion velocities: walk, jog and run (1.25, 3.5 and 5.0 m/s, respectively). Impact force and tibial acceleration parameters were synchronously obtained and contrasted between footwear and velocities using 3 (footwear) x 3 (velocity) repeated measures ANOVA's. Significant main effects were obtained for both footwear and velocity which suggest that barefoot running at higher velocities is associated with increases in impact loading magnitude. This leads to the conclusion that barefoot locomotion may be associated with increased risk of injury regardless of running velocity and that more specifically running barefoot at higher velocities should be undertaken with caution.

scholarly journals Influence of footwear designed to boost energy return on the kinetics and kinematics of running compared to conventional running shoes

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sinclair ◽  
C. Franks ◽  
J.F. Goodwin ◽  
R. Naemi ◽  
N. Chockalingam
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Chronic Injury ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Analysis System

Runners have sought to utilise athletic footwear as one of the mechanisms by which they might attenuate their risk of injury and improve their performance. New commercially available footwear which claims to boost energy return have been designed utilising an expanded thermoplastic polyurethane midsole. These footwear have been shown to improve running economy, but their clinical efficacy has not yet been established. This study aimed to examine the 3-D kinetics and kinematics when running in footwear that claims to promote energy return in relation to conventional running trainers. Fifteen male participants ran at 4.0 m/s (±5%) in each footwear condition. Lower extremity kinematics were collected in the sagittal, coronal and transverse planes using a 3-D motion analysis system. Simultaneous tibial acceleration and vertical ground reaction force parameters were also obtained. Impact parameters and 3-D kinematics were contrasted using paired samples t-tests. The results indicate that tibial accelerations were significantly greater in the footwear designed to improve energy return. In addition the 3-D kinematic analysis also showed that peak eversion and tibial internal rotation were significantly greater in the footwear designed to improve energy return. On the basis of these observations the current investigation suggests that these new footwear may place runners at an increased risk from chronic injury.

scholarly journals Effects of Varus Orthotics on Lower Extremity Kinematics During the Pedal Cycle

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sinclair ◽  
Hayley Vincent ◽  
Paul John Taylor ◽  
Jack Hebron ◽  
Howard Thomas Hurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Orthotic Device ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Chronic Injuries ◽  
Kinematic Information ◽  
System Operating

AbstractPurpose. Cycling has been shown to be associated with a high incidence of chronic pathologies. Foot orthoses are frequently used by cyclists in order to reduce the incidence of chronic injuries. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the influence of different varus orthotic inclines on the three-dimensional kinematics of the lower extremities during the pedal cycle. Methods. Kinematic information was obtained from ten male cyclists using an eight-camera optoelectronic 3-D motion capture system operating at 250 Hz. Participants cycled with and without orthotic intervention at three different cadences (70, 90 and 110 RPM). The orthotic device was adjustable and four different wedge conditions (0 mm - no orthotic, 1.5 mm, 3.0 mm and 4.5 mm) were examined. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare the kinematic parameters obtained as a function of orthotic inclination and cadence. Participants were also asked to subjectively rate their comfort in cycling using each of the four orthotic devices on a 10-point Likert scale. Results. The kinematic analysis indicated that the orthotic device had no significant influence at any of the three cadences. Analysis of subjective preferences showed a clear preference for the 0 mm, no orthotic, condition. Conclusions. This study suggests that foot orthoses do not provide any protection from skeletal malalignment issues associated with the aetiology of chronic cycling injuries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document