Effects of conventional and minimalist footwear on patellofemoral and Achilles tendon kinetics during netball specific movements

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sinclair ◽  
S. Atkins ◽  
P.J. Taylor ◽  
H. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Knee Loading ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Predictive Methods ◽  
Chronic Injuries ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Patellofemoral Pressure

Netball is a physically demanding sport that is associated with a high incidence of chronic injuries. Currently there is a trend towards the utilisation of minimalist footwear in netball players as opposed to more conventional netball trainers. The current investigation aimed to examine the effects of netball specific and minimalist footwear on patellofemoral and Achilles tendon loads during netball specific motions. Fifteen female netballers performed both run and cut movements when wearing conventional netball footwear and also a minimalist trainer. Kinematics of the lower extremities were quantified using a motion analysis system alongside ground reaction force information which was obtained using a force platform. Patellofemoral force (PTF), patellofemoral pressure (PP) and Achilles tendon forces (ATF) were quantified using predictive methods and examined between footwear using repeated measures ANOVA. The results indicate that patellofemoral loads (run – PTF: netball specific = 5.56 / minimalist = 4.74 body weight (BW); – PP: netball specific = 13.17 / minimalist = 11.89 MPa; cut – PTF: netball specific = 5.65 / minimalist = 4.82 BW; – PP; netball specific = 14.05 / minimalist = 12.88 MPa) were significantly larger in the conventional footwear compared to minimalist in both movements. Achilles tendon forces (run: netball specific = 4.43 / minimalist = 5.47; cut: netball specific = 4.32 / minimalist = 5.29 BW) were however significantly larger in the minimalist compared to the conventional footwear. Taking the proposed association between knee loading and patellofemoral pathology, the risk from knee injuries in netballers may be reduced via minimalist footwear. However, taking into account the equivalent increases in Achilles tendon forces, this may increase the likelihood of overuse Achilles tendon injuries.

scholarly journals Effects of shoes on kinetics and kinematics of the squash forward lunge in male players

Kinesiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sinclair ◽  
Paul John Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Motion Analysis System ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Chronic Injuries ◽  
Tibial Acceleration ◽  
Analysis System

Squash is associated with a high incidence of chronic injuries. Currently there is a trend in many sports for players to select minimalist footwear. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the effects of squashspecific, running shoes and minimalist footwear on the kinetics and 3-D kinematics of the lunge movement in squash players. Twelve male squash players performed lunge movements whilst wearing minimalist, running shoe and squash-specific footwear. 3-D kinematics of the lower extremities were measured using an eightcamera motion analysis system alongside kinetic and tibial acceleration information which were obtained using a force platform and an accelerometer. Differences between footwear were examined using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. The results show firstly that loading rate parameters were significantly greater in the minimalist (average = 85.36B.W/s and instantaneous = 179.09B.W/s) footwear in relation to the squashspecific (average = 38.66 B.W/s and instantaneous = 50.73B.W/s) and running footwear (average = 37.62B.W/s and instantaneous = 48.14B.W/s). In addition, tibial acceleration parameters were also significantly greater in the minimalist (peak tibial acceleration = 8.45 g and tibial acceleration slope = 422.28g/s) footwear in relation to the squash-specific (peak tibial acceleration = 4.33 g and tibial acceleration slope = 182.57g/s) and running footwear (peak tibial acceleration = 4.81 g and tibial acceleration slope = 226.72g/s). The significant increase in impact loading in the minimalist footwear therefore suggests this type of shoe may place squash players at an increased risk of developing impact-related chronic injuries.

scholarly journals Modelling of Muscle Force Distributions During Barefoot and Shod Running

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sinclair ◽  
Stephen Atkins ◽  
Jim Richards ◽  
Hayley Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Barefoot Running ◽  
Chronic Injuries ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Hip Flexion

Abstract Research interest in barefoot running has expanded considerably in recent years, based around the notion that running without shoes is associated with a reduced incidence of chronic injuries. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the differences in the forces produced by different skeletal muscles during barefoot and shod running. Fifteen male participants ran at 4.0 m·s-1 (± 5%). Kinematics were measured using an eight camera motion analysis system alongside ground reaction force parameters. Differences in sagittal plane kinematics and muscle forces between footwear conditions were examined using repeated measures or Freidman’s ANOVA. The kinematic analysis showed that the shod condition was associated with significantly more hip flexion, whilst barefoot running was linked with significantly more flexion at the knee and plantarflexion at the ankle. The examination of muscle kinetics indicated that peak forces from Rectus femoris, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, Tibialis anterior were significantly larger in the shod condition whereas Gastrocnemius forces were significantly larger during barefoot running. These observations provide further insight into the mechanical alterations that runners make when running without shoes. Such findings may also deliver important information to runners regarding their susceptibility to chronic injuries in different footwear conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Varus Orthotics on Lower Extremity Kinematics During the Pedal Cycle

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sinclair ◽  
Hayley Vincent ◽  
Paul John Taylor ◽  
Jack Hebron ◽  
Howard Thomas Hurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Orthotic Device ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Chronic Injuries ◽  
Kinematic Information ◽  
System Operating

AbstractPurpose. Cycling has been shown to be associated with a high incidence of chronic pathologies. Foot orthoses are frequently used by cyclists in order to reduce the incidence of chronic injuries. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the influence of different varus orthotic inclines on the three-dimensional kinematics of the lower extremities during the pedal cycle. Methods. Kinematic information was obtained from ten male cyclists using an eight-camera optoelectronic 3-D motion capture system operating at 250 Hz. Participants cycled with and without orthotic intervention at three different cadences (70, 90 and 110 RPM). The orthotic device was adjustable and four different wedge conditions (0 mm - no orthotic, 1.5 mm, 3.0 mm and 4.5 mm) were examined. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare the kinematic parameters obtained as a function of orthotic inclination and cadence. Participants were also asked to subjectively rate their comfort in cycling using each of the four orthotic devices on a 10-point Likert scale. Results. The kinematic analysis indicated that the orthotic device had no significant influence at any of the three cadences. Analysis of subjective preferences showed a clear preference for the 0 mm, no orthotic, condition. Conclusions. This study suggests that foot orthoses do not provide any protection from skeletal malalignment issues associated with the aetiology of chronic cycling injuries.

Lower-Extremity-Joint Cryotherapy Does Not Affect Vertical Ground-Reaction Forces during Landing

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G Jameson ◽  
Stephen J Kinzey ◽  
Jeffrey S Hallam
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Chronic Injuries ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Forces

Context:Cryotherapy is commonly used in the care of acute and chronic injuries. It decreases pain, reduces swelling, and causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels. Its detrimental effects on motor activity might predispose physically active individuals to further injury.Objective:To examine the effects of cryotherapy on vertical-ground-reaction-force (VGRF) during a 2-legged landing from a 2-legged targeted vertical jump.Design:2 × 4 MANOVA with repeated measures.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Participants:10 men, means: 22.40 ± 1.26 years, 76.01 ± 26.95 kg, 182.88 ± 6.88 cm.Intervention:VGRF during landing from a targeted vertical jump (90% of maximum) was measured before and after four 20-minute cryotherapy treatments.Results:There were no significant differences in VGRF as a result of cryotherapy.Conclusion:Under the constraints of this study there is no evidence that returning to activity immediately after cryotherapy predisposes an athlete to injury because of a change in VGRF.

Lower Extremity Biomechanical Demands During Saut de Chat Leaps

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle N Jarvis ◽  
Kornelia Kulig
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Dance Training ◽  
Chronic Injuries ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

In dance, high demands are placed on the lower extremity joints during jumping tasks. The purpose of this study was to compare biomechanical demands placed on the lower extremity joints during the takeoff and landing phases of saut de chat leaps. METHODS: Thirty healthy, experienced dancers with 20.8±4.9 yrs of dance training performed 5 saut de chat leaps. A three-dimensional motion analysis system and force plates were used to collect kinematic and kinetic data. Ground reaction force (GRF) peaks and impulse and sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics of the hip, knee, ankle, and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints were calculated for the takeoff and landing phases of each leap. RESULTS: Saut de chat takeoffs demonstrated greater braking GRF impulse (p<0.001), while landings demonstrated greater peak vertical GRF (p<0.001). During takeoff, greater kinetic demands were placed on the MTP (p<0.001) and ankle (p<0.001) joints, while during landing greater kinetic demands were placed on the hip (p=0.037) joint. CONCLUSIONS: Both the takeoff and landing phases of saut de chat leaps place significant demands on a dancer’s body. Takeoff involves greater demands on the more distal joints and requires more braking forces, while the landing phase involves greater demands on the more proximal joints of the lower extremity and requires the dancer to absorb more vertical force. These demands, combined with extensive repetition of movements during training, may contribute to the high number of chronic injuries seen in dance.

Effect of Different Insole Materials on Kinetic and Kinematic Variables of the Walking Gait in Healthy People

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadan Özmanevra ◽  
Salih Angin ◽  
İzge H. Günal ◽  
Ata Elvan
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Walking Gait ◽  
System A ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analysis System

Background: There is a lack of data that could address the effects of off-the-shelf insoles on gait variables in healthy people. Methods: Thirty-three healthy volunteers ranging in age from 18 to 35 years were included to this study. Kinematic and kinetic data were obtained in barefoot, shoe-only, steel insole, silicone insole, and polyurethane insole conditions using an optoelectronic three-dimensional motion analysis system. A repeated measures analysis of variance test was used to identify statistically significant differences between insole conditions. The alpha level was set at P &lt; .05 Results: Maximum knee flexion was higher in the steel insole condition (P &lt; .0001) compared with the silicone insole (P = .001) and shoe-only conditions (P = .032). Reduced maximum knee flexion was recorded in the polyurethane insole condition compared with the shoe-only condition (P = .031). Maximum knee flexion measured in the steel insole condition was higher compared to the barefoot condition (P = .020). Higher maximum ankle dorsiflexion was observed in the barefoot condition, and there were significant differences between the polyurethane insole (P &lt; .0001), silicone insole (P = .001), steel insole (P = .002), and shoe conditions (P = .004). Least and highest maximum ankle plantarflexion were detected in the steel insole and silicone insole conditions, respectively. Maximum ankle plantarflexion in the barefoot and steel insole conditions (P = .014) and the barefoot and polyurethane insole conditions (P = .035) were significant. There was no significant difference between conditions for ground reaction force or joint moments. Conclusions: Insoles made by different materials affect maximum knee flexion, maximum ankle dorsiflexion, and maximum ankle plantarflexion. This may be helpful during the decision-making process when selecting the insole material for any pathological conditions that require insole prescription.

scholarly journals A Novel Experimental Knee-Pain Model Affects Perceived Pain and Movement Biomechanics

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew K. Seeley ◽  
Jihong Park ◽  
Daniel King ◽  
J. Ty Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Knee Pain ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Pain Model ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Perceived Pain

Context: Knee injuries are prevalent, and the associated knee pain is linked to disability. The influence of knee pain on movement biomechanics, independent of other factors related to knee injuries, is difficult to study and unclear. Objective: (1) To evaluate a novel experimental knee-pain model and (2) better understand the independent effects of knee pain on walking and running biomechanics. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twelve able-bodied volunteers (age = 23 ± 3 years, height = 1.73 ± 0.09 m, mass = 75 ± 14 kg). Intervention(s): Participants walked and ran at 3 time intervals (preinfusion, infusion, and postinfusion) for 3 experimental conditions (control, sham, and pain). During the infusion time interval for the pain and sham conditions, hypertonic or isotonic saline, respectively, was continuously infused into the right infrapatellar fat pad for 22 minutes. Main Outcome Measure(s): We used repeated-measures analyses of variance to evaluate the effects of time and condition on (1) perceived knee pain and (2) key biomechanical characteristics (ground reaction forces, and joint kinematics and kinetics) of walking and running (P &lt; .05). Results: The hypertonic saline infusion (1) increased perceived knee pain throughout the infusion and (2) reduced discrete characteristics of each component of the walking ground reaction force, walking peak plantar-flexion angle (range = 62°–67°), walking peak plantar-flexion moment (range = 95–104 N·m), walking peak knee-extension moment (range = 36–49 N·m), walking peak hip-abduction moment (range = 62–73 N·m), walking peak support moment (range = 178–207 N·m), running peak plantar-flexion angle (range = 38°–77°), and running peak hip-adduction angle (range = 5–21°). Conclusions: This novel experimental knee pain model consistently increased perceived pain during various human movements and produced altered running and walking biomechanics that may cause abnormal knee joint-loading patterns.

A comparison of several barefoot inspired footwear models in relation to barefoot and conventional running footwear

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sinclair ◽  
S.J. Hobbs ◽  
G. Currigan ◽  
P.J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Motion Analysis System ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Impact Parameters ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Rearfoot Eversion ◽  
Camera Motion Analysis

This study examined differences in kinetics and kinematics between barefoot and shod running, as well as between several barefoot inspired footwear models. Fifteen participants ran at 4.0 m/s ±5% in each footwear condition. Lower extremity kinematics in the sagittal, coronal and transverse planes were measured using an eight camera motion analysis system alongside ground reaction force parameters. Impact parameters and joint kinematics were subsequently compared using repeated measures ANOVAs. The kinetic analysis revealed that, compared to the conventional footwear, impact parameters were significantly greater in the barefoot and more minimal in barefoot inspired footwear. Running barefoot and in the minimal barefoot inspired footwear was associated with increases in flexion parameters of the knee and ankle at footstrike in relation to the conventional footwear. Finally, the results indicated that the barefoot and minimal barefoot inspired footwear were associated with greater peak eversion magnitude when compared to the conventional footwear. This study suggests that in barefoot and more minimalist barefoot inspired footwear running is associated with impact kinetics and rearfoot eversion parameters, previously linked to an increased risk of overuse injury, when compared to conventional shod running.

scholarly journals Effects of Tendon Release Surgery on Inter-Limb Leg Stiffness Control in Children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy during Gait

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4562
Author(s):  
Chien-Chung Kuo ◽  
Hsing-Po Huang ◽  
Hsuan-Yu Lu ◽  
Tsan-Yang Chen ◽  
Ting-Ming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Leg Stiffness ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Total Leg ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Single Limb Support

Impaired motor control and musculotendon tightness in the lower extremities are characteristic features of patients with diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Tendon release surgery (TRS) helps improve joint and leg stiffness, but the effects of TRS on inter-limb coordination in terms of the total leg stiffness, and the bilateral symmetry in leg stiffness during gait, remain unknown. Ten children with spastic diplegic CP scheduled for TRS and ten healthy controls participated in this study. The inter-limb sharing of total leg stiffness during double-limb support phase and bilateral leg stiffness symmetry during stance phase of gait were calculated using the kinematic and ground reaction force data measured by a motion analysis system. Before TRS, the patients with diplegic CP walked with a decreased share of total leg stiffness during weight-acceptance (p < 0.05) and with increased bilateral leg stiffness asymmetry during single-limb support and weight-transfer during gait (p < 0.05) when compared to healthy controls. After TRS, the bilateral leg stiffness asymmetry was significantly reduced in the CP group, especially in the terminal stance phase, with inter-limb sharing of total leg stiffness becoming similar to that in controls (p > 0.05). The surgery seemed to improve the lower limb control and increased the bilateral limb symmetry during gait.

Roller Massage Prior to Running Does Not Affect Gait Mechanics in Well-Trained Runners

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jessica G. Hunter ◽  
Gina L. Garcia ◽  
Sushant M. Ranadive ◽  
Jae Kun Shim ◽  
Ross H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Average Load ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Free Moment ◽  
Muscle Force Production

Context: Understanding if roller massage prior to a run can mitigate fatigue-related decrements in muscle force production during prolonged running is important because of the association between fatigue and running-related injury. Objective: The authors investigated whether a bout of roller massage prior to running would (1) mitigate fatigue-related increases in vertical average load rate and free moment of the ground reaction force of running and (2) mitigate decreases in maximal countermovement jump height. Design: Repeated-measures study. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: A total of 14 recreational endurance athletes (11 men and 3 women) volunteered for the study. Interventions: A 12.5-minute foam roller protocol for the lower extremities and a fatiguing 30-minute treadmill run. Main Outcome Measures: Vertical average load rate, free moment, and maximal jump height before (PRE) and after (POST) the fatiguing treadmill run on separate experimental days: once where participants sat quietly prior to the fatiguing run (REST) and another where the foam roller protocol was performed prior to the run (ROLL). Results: A 2-way multiple analysis of variance found no significant differences in vertical average load rate, free moment, and jump height between PRE/POST times in both REST/ROLL conditions. Conclusions: The authors concluded that recreational endurance athletes maintain running mechanics and jump performance after a fatiguing run regardless of prerun roller massage and may not rely on prerun roller massage as a form of injury prevention.

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