scholarly journals Features of recognition and documentation of transactions with tolling raw materials in foreign economic activity

Author(s):  
Максим Вікторович Корягін ◽  
Марія Юріївна Чік
Author(s):  
Antonina BROYAKA

The article examines the essence of foreign economic activity of enterprises, the features and prospects of its implementation in the field of agrarian and industrial complex. Based on the conducted analysis, it is proved that agrarian export of Ukraine plays a significant role in the formation of the budget and GDP of the country, since its share in 2018 was 14.2% of GDP and 33.4% of the total national exports of goods. The dynamics of export-import operations of the agrarian sector is explored and it is found that it demonstrates a positive trend in contrast to the general foreign trade balance of Ukraine. The analysis of the agrarian exports structure in 2010-2019 confirms the growth of the share of the majority of agrarian products types sold abroad. However, Ukrainian exports are mainly oriented towards raw materials, which, among other reasons, is associated with technological backwardness and the limited ability of domestic agricultural producers to purchase modern equipment and technologies due to theirs low solvency. The commodity orientation of Ukrainian exports makes the competitive position of Ukraine in foreign markets vulnerable, since the demand for commodities is unstable and is characterized by significant price volatility. The geographical structure of foreign trade in agrarian products and the possibilities of its further diversification are investigated. The majority of Ukrainian products in Europe are purchased in Poland, Italy and Germany. Significant connoisseurs of Ukrainian products are also Turkey, China, India, Egypt. Ukrainian exports should be expanded to Asian and Eastern countries. The key problems that put the brakes on the development of the foreign economic activity of the enterprises of agrarian and industrial complex and hinder the competitiveness increase of domestic agrarian products in the international market are identified. A number of measures are proposed to promote the further development of the foreign economic activity of the enterprises of agrarian and industrial complex, including the development of appropriate strategies taking into account global market trends, harmonization and compliance with the quality and safety standards of agrarian products, improving the innovative component, strengthening state support (including financial) of the export-oriented agrarian enterprises, improving the investment climate, and more.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2491-2498
Author(s):  
L.V. Abdrakhmanova ◽  
◽  
E.S. Shchigortsova ◽  

The article analyzes the consequences of the spread of coronavirus infection on the world economy. The high degree of infection and the rapid spread of COVID-19 caused the quarantine of certain cities and regions of the world, and since March 2020, the borders between the countries have been completely closed. This situation, naturally, could not but affect the global economic activity. The crisis caused by the pandemic has led to the fact that the leaders of the countries were forced to first of all pay attention to health problems and seriously reduce funding in other sectors of the economy. The forced self-isolation regime of the population affected all spheres of life, without exception, large and medium, and, especially, small business suffered. The sectors of the economy most affected by the coronavirus pandemic include: air and road transportation, the leisure and entertainment industry, fitness and sports, tourism, hospitality, catering, the education system, the organization of conferences and exhibitions, the provision of personal services to the population, dentistry, retail trade in non-food products, the media and the production of printed materials, etc. Statistical data on the number of cases of new coronavirus infection by country (as well as those who recovered and died from it) are today not so much of a medical nature as evidence of a deepening global economic crisis. The decline in production volumes on a global scale entails a reduction in the global consumption of most types of industrial raw materials and energy carriers. According to analysts’ forecasts, the possibility of a quick return to the previous economic activity is not foreseen, negative processes may continue for the next several years. The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious test of the readiness of the world economy to effectively resolve global problems, overcome the negative consequences of the spread of the virus and focus on those positive opportunities, the development of which can lead to economic growth in the long term. One of these promising areas of economic development is the further digitalization of society, the development of new digital technologies.


2018 ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
Svitlana Nuzhna ◽  
Nataliia Samarets

The article deals with the main aspects of the stages of development and construction of an optimization of the economic and mathematical model of agricultural enterprises' resources for identifying reserves of resource potential, its rational use and increase of the economic efficiency of economic activity. Some economic indicators of functioning and development of agricultural enterprises that can be taken into account when compiling an optimization model are analysed. The basic stages of construction of the economic and mathematical model and their characteristic features are revealed. Applied testing of mathematical calculations has been carried out for the agricultural enterprise LLC UM-Vatutino, which wants to optimize the structure of its production in order to ensure maximum overall profitability. The developed economic and mathematical model provides the main activities of the UM-Vatutino LLC. They are the cultivation of grain and forage crops, cows of various productivity. Such a model can be used to analyse and identify the reserves of resource potential of enterprises of any form of ownership, at different periods of time, as well as to identify features of strategies for improving the economic efficiency of economic activity of the enterprise itself and its individual units. In addition, the constructed model can be modified both structurally and substantively. The analysis results are processed by means of one of the office programs of Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheets. Data analysis has been performed with the use of the "Solver" tool in spreadsheets. It allows finding an optimization solution with a large number of variables. As a result, it has been confirmed that the application of economic and mathematical methods is very effective in assessing not only the resource potential of agricultural enterprises, but also optimizing the volumes of sales of products, feeds, raw materials for another. The process of modelling in the activities of agricultural enterprises gives the opportunity to make managerial decisions at various stages of the operation and development of the enterprise.


1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
William S. Hatcher

Les économistes ont depuis toujours présumé que le comportement économique est fondé sur les choix de valeur individuels et collectifs, mais il est en outre supposé que ces choix sont essentiellement matérialistes du fait qu’ils cherchent à maximiser, au dessus de tout autre considération, l’utilité sociale et personnelle définies de façon égoïste. Le système économique actuel reflète cette présomption en cherchant à son tour à maximiser la productivité et la profitabilité à court terme. Cet article examine et soutient la thèse selon laquelle l’activité économique présuppose en réalité une moralité sous-jacente (souvent non-avouée) d’un genre plus fondamental, une moralité issue des choix de valeur que nous faisons quant aux aspects les plus fondamentaux des relations humaines et de l’existence humaine: l’honnêteté, la coopération, la souffrance, la compassion, etc. À la lumière de cette thèse, le capitalisme et le socialisme sont tous deux considérés comme moralement défectueux, bien que de façons quelque peu différentes. Le capitalisme est fondé sur le désir d’une consommation en croissance continuelle qui mène à des augmentations explosives (à vrai dire exponentielles) dans la production, mais uniquement quand certaines conditions sont remplies (par ex., un approvisionnement aisé en matières premières, un marché se développant constamment, etc.). Le capitalisme mène aussi à des extrêmes moralement inacceptables dans la distribution de la richesse (et donc des fruits de la production). Le socialisme cherche à attribuer une plus grande valeur à la satisfaction des besoins de l’ensemble de la population qu’à la satisfaction des désirs de quelques-uns, mais manque de stimulant adéquat dans la production et mène souvent à une coercition moralement inacceptable. Ces deux systèmes sont comparés au système bahá’í, qui cherche à lier l’activité économique directement et explicitement à sa moralité sous-jacente. Ce lien est accompli en mettant en évidence la primauté de la fonction spirituelle du travail, soit l’actualisation saine des capacités supérieures du soi par le service et la coopération avec autrui. Le système bahá’í réunit certains éléments du socialisme et du capitalisme et d’autres éléments nouveaux, et constitue une solution réellement pratique aux problèmes économiques actuels. Ainsi, la moralité grossièrement pragmatique sur laquelle reposent les systèmes économiques actuels est, en dernière analyse, moins praticable que la moralité sur laquelle est fondé le système bahá’í, tandis que la moralité bahá’íe est plus idéaliste mais en fin de compte plus satisfaisante. ----------- Abstract: Economists have always presumed that economic behavior is based on individual and collective value choices, but it is likewise presumed that these choices are essentially materialistic in that they seek to maximize selfishly defined social and personal utility above any other consideration. Our current economic system reflects this presumption by seeking to maximize productivity and short-term profitability over all other considerations. This paper examines and supports the thesis that economic activity actually presupposes an (often unacknowledged) underlying morality of a more fundamental sort, a morality deriving from the value choices we make about the most basic aspects of human relationships and human existence: trustworthiness, truthfulness, cooperation, suffering, compassion, etc. In the light of this thesis, it is seen that both capitalism and socialism are morally defective, though in somewhat different ways. Capitalism is based on the desire for constantly increasing consumption and leads to unbridled (indeed exponential) increases in production, but only as long as certain conditions are met (e.g., a ready supply of raw materials, a constantly expanding market, etc.). Capitalism also leads to morally unacceptable extremes in the distribution of wealth (and thus of the fruits of production). Socialism seeks to place a higher value on satisfying the needs of all before gratifying the desires of a few, but it lacks an adequate incentive to production and often leads to morally unacceptable coerciveness. Both of these systems are compared with the Bahá’í system, which seeks to link economic activity directly and explicitly with its underlying morality. This is accomplished by stressing the primality of the spiritual function of work—the healthy actualization of the higher capacities of the self through service to and cooperation with others—over the purely material function. The Bahá’í system combines certain elements of both socialism and capitalism with other novel features, and is seen to constitute a truly practical solution to current economic problems. Thus, the crassly pragmatic morality underlying current economic systems is, in the final analysis, less practicable than the morality on which the Bahá’í system is based, while Bahá’í morality is more idealistic but ultimately more satisfactory.


Author(s):  
Avram FITIU ◽  
Calin VAC

The quality of mountain products represents a competitive advantage for the area of Bistra village, Alba county, Romania. Each mountain product comes as a result from raw materials from mountain areas and in the case of processed products, processing takes place in the mountain region. This paper aims to investigate ways to obtain mountain certification for products from this area, so it could promote agro-food products as a lever for sustainable development, that ensure economic activity. This study randomly analyze several farms in Bistra village in terms of specific indicators for mountain certification. The method used in this study is analyzing in terms of socio-economic, territorial, environmental and economic indicators. After a complex analysis of the specific indicators, results show that the Bistra village, brings together the criteria relating to mountain certification, according to the European Regulations, improving the sustainable development of the area. The main conclusion of this study is that in the current economy it is necessary to create added value for mountain products as part of a narrower niche, in order to preserve high competition and higher prices on the market, so that these farms could face competition over time.


Author(s):  
Iryna Lazneva ◽  
Anna Pereverzieva ◽  
Yurii Nekrasov

The relevance of the research topic is due to the increasing level of digitalization in all spheres of society in general and international business in particular. The realities of economic life necessitate the formation of digital skills and digital thinking, especially in the management system. Among the main characteristics of the digital economy, which determine its priority for international business, are the concentration of economic activity on the platforms of the digital economy, the formation of personalized service models, direct interaction between producers and consumers, the spread of "sharing economy", increasing the role of individual contribution. The necessity of using modern digital technologies in economic activity and management is substantiated. It is proved that if the company has already achieved some success in international business, using the logic of digital strategy and the internationalization of its activities is successful, it is necessary to continue to develop certain areas of activity. Identify opportunities for digitalization for business in order to take them into account when developing an effective international strategy. Four possible options for implementing an international business strategy within a company operating in foreign markets have been identified, namely: a strategy for duplicating a business model (international strategy), multilocal (multinational), global and transnational strategies. At the present stage, digital business opportunities are more important than raw materials and financial resources, because competitiveness and market position is determined by receiving and processing information in a timely manner, the ability to use information and communication technologies in management. Digitalization is an objective process, so the digital transformation of international business is inevitable when new market conditions are needed and requires the development of a strategy and development strategy. After all, the main priority of international business is not survival, but successful development and entry into new markets with competitive products.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asniar

In the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2014 concerning industri "Industry is all forms of economic activity that processes raw materials and/or utilizes industrial resources so as to produce goods that have added value or higher benefits, including industrial services". Industry is a branch of the economy whose rate of productivity development is faster than the development of the overall productivity level of the economic branch. So its role in creating production and creating jobs is certainly bigger than all branches of the economy. Humans are legal subjects as well as unique and prospective economic actors, with the development of all needs from all industrial sectors as Muslims are required to be within the framework of sharia rules, namely halal and ethical frameworks, namely thayib. So Islam is here to help develop the halal industri, especially in Indonesia so that it becomes a high economic value and is also profitable because it is based on sharia.


2020 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
Aneta Deneva ◽  
Jānis Grasis

Extractive activities are traditional for the Bulgarian economy and are part of the economic activity of the population since the establishment of the Bulgarian state. As an autonomous sector of the economy, they are approved after 1878. The initial extractive activities are carried out with the direct participation of foreign capital, mainly French, German and Belgian. The extraction of raw materials has always been among the priority economic areas. Not surprisingly with the first economic laws adopted by the Bulgarian Government is supported its development. A typical example in this respect is the law on the promotion of the local industry since 1909. Among the promotion activities are mining, metal industry, as well as the quarry and that for the processing of soil materials. The mining industry is an indispensable part of the structure of the Bulgarian economy, regardless of its transformations.


Author(s):  
R. V. Nuzhdin ◽  
L. E. Sovik ◽  
N. I. Ponomareva ◽  
M. M. Puhova ◽  
E. A. Savvina

The development of processing organizations in a changing environment requires constant updating of approaches to assessing the processes of their economic activity, including the knowledge of methods and tools for analyzing the technical component of a business. As the main analysis tool, special techniques are usually used based on a certain sequence of calculation of analytical units. Existing approaches to the business analysis of fixed assets are based on level terminology and provide fragmented methodological procedures that include complexes of traditional, rather than key indicator systems. Considering the peculiarities of the dialectical methodological postulate of the transition of quantity into quality and taking into account the process nature of the subject of business analysis, it is advisable to develop an algorithm for methodological procedures for evaluating the technical component of the economic activity of organizations processing agricultural raw materials; justify the possibility of taking advantage of the comparative approach to algorithmization; identify meaningful relationships between the attributive properties of static and dynamic key performance indicators. Using the proclaimed targets, a five-stage business analysis algorithm for the technical component of the economic activity of sugar production entities has been formed, taking into account the specific features of these processing organizations. The distinguishing features of the developed algorithm is the ranking of key indicators, organizations themselves and periods of assessment. The selection of key indicators was carried out on the basis of the systemic method and cost approach, the combination of which makes it possible to ensure the fulfillment of the requirements of reliability and accuracy. Recommended business analytical procedures systematically cover the entire process of movement of fixed assets in organizations, which allows us to eliminate existing gaps in the formation of an information base for evaluating the technical component and identify benchmark areas for making proactive management decisions in terms of mobilizing all the possibilities for the intensive use of fixed assets organizations.


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