Neo-Colonialism in India as Represented in Aravind Adiga’s The Last Man in Tower

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 836-842
Author(s):  
P.MICHAEL AROKIASAMY ◽  
DR. M. MARY JAYANTHI
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Colonial Studies ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Last Man ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Middle Class People

The term ‘neo-colonialism’ generally represents the indirect involvement of the developed countries in the developing world. Post-colonial studies show in detail that in spite of attaining independence, the influence of colonialism and its representatives are still very present in the lives of most former colonies in different forms. These influences constitute the subject matter of neo-colonialism. Aravind Adiga’s Last Man in Tower abounds with incidences that represent neo-colonialism in India. The novel portrays how Mumbai, one of the metropolitan cities and an important commercial centre has developed a place of multiple opportunities. To have a decent house in a commercial city like Mumbai therefore remains only a dream for the middle class people. The residents of Tower-A are ordinary middle class people of Mumbai who try to live their both ends in the globalised India. The novel spins around two opposing forces: the retired school teacher Masterji, trying to fight for his rights and Dharmen Shah, the greedy real estate developer. This paper therefore is an attempt to identify the elements of neo-colonialism in India as represented in Aravind Adiga’s Last Man in Tower.

scholarly journals Masterji’s Resistance in Aravind Adiga’s Last Man in Tower: An Embodiment of the Struggle of the Marginalized Class

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Badiuzzaman Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Lower Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
Last Man ◽  
The Rich

Aravind Adiga’s Last Man in Tower, published in 2011, is a trenchant critique on the effects of globalization, urbanization, privatization and capitalism in the post-colonial era in India. All these changes in the contemporary society have effectively bifurcated the entire country into two groups—the rich and the poor, the centre and the margin, the privileged upper class and the underprivileged lower class. In the novel Dharmen Shah, a real estate mogul represents the first group of people who are socio-politically and economically highly influential, whereas Yogesh A. Murthy, aka Masterji, is the embodiment of the marginalized class that are constantly dominated and exploited by the former group. My present paper aims to analyse in detail how far Masterji is able to resist the scabrous sufferings unleashed by the rich realtor Dharmen Shah, and how far Masterji’s resistance becomes an incarnation of the resilience of marginalized people in the contemporary society.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Several Remarkable Pandemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Sumio Shinoda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
South America ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

COVID-19 is a newly discovered infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus. The COVID-19 pandemic started at the end of December 2019 in Wuhan, China and spread rapidly across the world, especially in North and South America or Europe. The number of infected cases in the developed countries in North America and Europe or South America is extremely high, whereas its number in the developing countries of Africa or Southeast Asia is not so high; therefore, the COVID-19 is different from the usual infectious disease outbreaks. This article introduces the epidemiology of COVID-19, comparing with other historical infectious disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Lost-Identity; A Result of “Hybridity” and “Ambivalence” in Tayeb Salih’s Season of Migration to the North

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Zohdi
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Language And Identity ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Dual Identity ◽  
The North ◽  
Tayeb Salih ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Culture And Language

During the colonial period, British colonizers marched to the Third and Fourth World countries to exploit them for the purpose of colonizers’ economical uplifts. Therefore, colonizers internalized their own superiority over the inferior colonized countries by devaluing their culture, race, language, and identity in order to pillage the colonized. As the result, many of the colonized individuals migrated to the developed countries to educate there in order to save their motherlands. However, facing with an alien culture and language caused the colonized to have a merged and dual identity. In this regard, Season of Migration to the North, written in 1969 by Tayeb Salih, is the story of an intelligent colonized who sacrifices his own life and identity to take revenge on colonizers by traveling to London and educating there. But, Mustafa Saeed, the intelligent colonized, loses his own identity in this way and finally disappears as the victim of this colonizing strategy’s consequence, merged- or lost-identity. Therefore, in this study, it has been tried to investigate Tayeb Salih’s Season of Migration to the North through Homi K. Bhabha’s theories of “Hybridity” and “Ambivalence” as the causes of merged- and even lost-identity in post-colonial discourse. 

William Faulkner: At the Intersection of Styles and Poetics

Tekstualia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (44) ◽  
pp. 9-36
Author(s):  
Edward Kasperski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
William Faulkner ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Interpretation ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Colonial Studies ◽  
Literary Achievement ◽  
Public Recognition

The article contextualizes William Faulkner’s fi ction in reference to the major twentieth-century tendencies in literary interpretation. Faulkner’s work is characterized by the presence of a series of inherent contradictions: between form and content, puritanism and Nietzschean nihilism, literary achievement and public recognition. This accounts for a variety of interpretative possibilities: Faulkner’s fi ction can be read in different generic contexts, e.g. the Victorian convention of the novel, modernism and postmodernism, as well as through the lenses of a spectrum of theories, including post-colonial studies and Marxism.

scholarly journals Raising Historical Consciousness in the Novel “The Giver”, a Dystopic Work According to Social Studies Teacher Candidates

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Sefa YILDIRIM
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Studies Teacher ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Academic Year

It is known that in many of the developed countries of the world, especially the U.S.A, educators benefit from dystopic works in education and training of the topics such as historical consciousness, metaphors, numbers, color perception and development of language. From this point forth, it can be suggested that dystopic works, as long as they are presented by expert trainers through correct methods and techniques, can provide great benefits for historical consciousness, cognitive, social and cultural development, and especially democratic awareness. The main purpose of this study is to draw attention on the significant contributions that dystopic works can make on historical consciousness and education. The survey is conducted within 2014-2015 academic year in Agri Ibrahim Cecen University Faculty of Education Department of Social Sciences Teaching (4th grade) and views of these participants on acquisition of historical consciousness through the novel “The Giver” are examined through qualitative research method. During the survey, while determining the students’ views, indications concerning the cover and content of the book, as well as the fiction, characterization and narration are obtained and exposed to content analysis. As a result of the survey, it is observed that dystopic works, especially “The Giver” can offer significant benefits for the acquisition of historical consciousness.

scholarly journals The Erosion of the Middle Class – Threat to the Development of the Welfare State

Upravlenie ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Марыганова ◽  
E. Maryganova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
High Quality Education ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Innovative Economy ◽  
The Developed Countries

The article deals with the problems and consequences of inequality in society and the erosion of the middle class in the developed countries, as well as the particularities of these processes in Russia. The result of the growing inequality in the United States and other leading countries is an aggravation of social problems. It is difficult for a large number of young people to get а high-quality education and, in the long run, paid jobs and their own homes. There has been a deterioration of health, reduction of life expectancy for the poorest sectors of the population, increase in crime and in the number of people in custody. Leading scientists from the West offer solutions to these problems. The article shows that Russian “middle class” has the essential features and is still in the course of its formation. Crisis of 2014 damaged Russian middle class, which performs important functions in the economic and social development of Russia. That class is the main consumer of the produced economic benefits; investor whose savings are channeled to the development of the economy. Representatives of the middle class generate and accumulate human capital needed for the development of an innovative economy. The crucial role of this layer of society is to serve as a social stabilizer. The slowdown of the middle class, and even more, its size reduction can cause serious damage to the economic and social development of Russia.

scholarly journals Divergent Struggles for Identity and Safeguarding Human Values: A Postcolonial Analysis of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Aisha Mustapha Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Colonial Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nigerian Civil War

In the novel Adichie uncovers the characters’ struggles based on the loss of Identity and Human values which is basically the result of the Nigerian civil war. The characters strive to bring back what they lost due to the war. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie was born much later after the Nigerian civil war of 1966-1969. Chimamanda Adichie had the interest to revive history of the war; she used her imaginative talent in bringing what she hadn’t experienced. The novel Half of a Yellow Sun is a literary work which uses the theory of post-colonialism or post-colonial studies, it is a term that is used to analyze and explain the legacy of colonialism through the study of a particular book. Colonialism did not happen during the colonial era only but extended to after independence of the countries that were colonized. The novel Half of a Yellow Sun shows the effect of colonialism after independence of Nigeria. Adichie believes that by bringing back the issue of the war, the growing generation would understand more about the war. According to her in Nigeria the history taught in the primary and secondary schools is not complete, some parts were removed and nobody is allowed to talk about it. So through the novel, she tries to go through history to see what has happened, so that she can make the young generation understand history better. The book opens with a poem by Chinua Achebe about the Nigerian civil war.

Nostalgia for the Old Versus Wonder at the New: Cultural disenchantment and the temptation of modernity in Nie Hai Hua

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-568
Author(s):  
GUO-OU ZHUANG
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Chinese Tradition ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
Colonial Studies ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
The One ◽  
Modern Nation State

AbstractThis paper attempts to revise aspects of the existing interpretations of Nie Hai Hua (A Flower in a Sinful Sea) by applying perspectives from post-colonial studies to the study of this late Qing Chinese novel. Here the novel is read as a national narrative that portrays the emergence of China as a modern nation state from a decaying empire, with its intelligentsia caught between their desire to embrace modernity and nostalgia for cultural traditions. From the mid-nineteenth century to the early twentieth century, traditional Chinese scholars were faced with a predicament: they were lured by the modernity represented by Western learning, on the one hand, but were tied by an emotional link to Chinese tradition, on the other. In a disintegrating society, they struggled both to preserve their own cultural identity and construct a new identity. The opposing groups of Chinese literati portrayed in the novel in fact reflect the schizophrenic state of the Chinese consciousness on the threshold of modernity.To write the story of the nation demands that we articulate that archaic ambivalence that informs modernity.1

How to Assure Stable Development in Unstable Financial Environment?

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Financial Environment

Growing involvement of Russian economy in international economic sphere increases the role of external risks. Financial problems which the developed countries are encountered with today result in volatility of Russian stock market, liquidity problems for banks, unstable prices. These factors in total may put longer-term prospects of economic growth in jeopardy. Monetary, foreign exchange and stock market mechanisms become the centerpiece of economic policy approaches which should provide for stable development in the shaky environment.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

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