scholarly journals Lost-Identity; A Result of “Hybridity” and “Ambivalence” in Tayeb Salih’s Season of Migration to the North

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Zohdi
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Language And Identity ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Dual Identity ◽  
The North ◽  
Tayeb Salih ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Culture And Language

During the colonial period, British colonizers marched to the Third and Fourth World countries to exploit them for the purpose of colonizers’ economical uplifts. Therefore, colonizers internalized their own superiority over the inferior colonized countries by devaluing their culture, race, language, and identity in order to pillage the colonized. As the result, many of the colonized individuals migrated to the developed countries to educate there in order to save their motherlands. However, facing with an alien culture and language caused the colonized to have a merged and dual identity. In this regard, Season of Migration to the North, written in 1969 by Tayeb Salih, is the story of an intelligent colonized who sacrifices his own life and identity to take revenge on colonizers by traveling to London and educating there. But, Mustafa Saeed, the intelligent colonized, loses his own identity in this way and finally disappears as the victim of this colonizing strategy’s consequence, merged- or lost-identity. Therefore, in this study, it has been tried to investigate Tayeb Salih’s Season of Migration to the North through Homi K. Bhabha’s theories of “Hybridity” and “Ambivalence” as the causes of merged- and even lost-identity in post-colonial discourse. 

WTO SUCCESSOR TO GATT

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-187
Author(s):  
Arif Sultan
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Land Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries

Within a short span of time a number of economic blocs have emergedon the world horizon. In this race, all countriedeveloped, developingand underdeveloped-are included. Members of the North America FreeTrade Agreement (NAITA) and the European Economic Community(EEC) are primarily of the developed countries, while the EconomicCooperation Organization (ECO) and the Association of South EastAsian Nations (ASEAN) are of the developing and underdevelopedAsian countries.The developed countries are scrambling to create hegemonies throughthe General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT). In these circumstances,economic cooperation among Muslim countries should be onthe top of their agenda.Muslim countries today constitute about one-third of the membershipof the United Nations. There are around 56 independentMuslim states with a population of around 800 million coveringabout 20 percent of the land area of the world. Stretchingbetween Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans, the Muslim Worldstraddles from North Africa to Indonesia, in two major Islamicblocs, they are concentrated in the heart of Africa to Indonesia,in two major blocs, they are concentrated in the heart of Africaand Asia and a smaller group in South and Southeast Asia.'GATT is a multilateral agreement on tariffs and trade establishing thecode of rules, regulations, and modalities regulating and operating internationaltrade. It also serves as a forum for discussions and negotiations ...

Strength and Impotence. The Developing Countries and the Development in New Territories

1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Willy Østreng
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Third World

This article examines the possible political and economic effects of large-scale mineral extraction from the seabed. The findings presented indicate that development in new territories may conceivably serve to exacerbate existing conflict dimensions, notably the North/South dimension in global politics. Because of the developed countries' monopoly on know-how and economic capability, exploration and exploitation of the inorganic resources of the ocean floor has de facto been the exclusive domain of these countries. On the basis of this the author shows that if large-scale production of seabed resources should become a reality in the near future, the underdeveloped countries will be forced to watch it from the sidelines. As a consequence, the exploitation of offshore raw materials will probably contribute to the further widening of the gap between developed and underdeveloped countries. Further commenting on the fact that the latter today are the main producers of the most promising seabed resources, the author expresses the view that exploitation will have a detrimental effect on the economics of the Third World countries, since it might lead to overproduction and price reductions.

scholarly journals VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS OF NATIVE AMERICANS IN COLONIAL AMERICA

2021 ◽  
pp. 075
Author(s):  
Ana Kocic Stanković
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Representational Practices ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Age Of Exploration

The article presents some of the most common visual representations of Native Americans from the colonial period and the Age of Exploration of the Americas. Visual representations were a part of a broader colonial discourse and were based on the representational practices applied by the dominant Western European culture. After establishing a broader theoretical framework based on the post-colonial and cultural studies insights, the author singles out and analyzes several visual representations of Native Americans. The emphasis is on the Noble vs. Ignoble Savage stereotypes and tropes and how they are reflected in visual arts. 

scholarly journals Edward Said: Post-colonial Discourse and Its Impact on Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Naifa Al Mtairi
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Period ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Colonial Literature ◽  
The West ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Colonial Theory

This paper highlights Edward Said’s ideology for discerning literary texts that followed the colonial period as a post-colonial discourse. Though some scholars disapprove that notion, Said holds the view that literature is a product of contested social and economic relationships. The West attempts to represent the East and consequently dominates it, not only for knowledge but for political power as well. He assures the worldliness of texts and their interferences with disciplines, cultures and history. Thus, the post-colonial critic should consider the post-colonial literature that might take the form of traditional European literature or the role of the migrant writer in portraying the experience of their countries. The pot-colonial theory with its focus on the misrepresentation of the colonized by the colonizer and the former’s attitude of resistance, draws new lines for literature and suggests a way of reading which resists imperialist ideologies.

Neo-Colonialism in India as Represented in Aravind Adiga’s The Last Man in Tower

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 836-842
Author(s):  
P.MICHAEL AROKIASAMY ◽  
DR. M. MARY JAYANTHI
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Colonial Studies ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Last Man ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Middle Class People

The term ‘neo-colonialism’ generally represents the indirect involvement of the developed countries in the developing world. Post-colonial studies show in detail that in spite of attaining independence, the influence of colonialism and its representatives are still very present in the lives of most former colonies in different forms. These influences constitute the subject matter of neo-colonialism. Aravind Adiga’s Last Man in Tower abounds with incidences that represent neo-colonialism in India. The novel portrays how Mumbai, one of the metropolitan cities and an important commercial centre has developed a place of multiple opportunities. To have a decent house in a commercial city like Mumbai therefore remains only a dream for the middle class people. The residents of Tower-A are ordinary middle class people of Mumbai who try to live their both ends in the globalised India. The novel spins around two opposing forces: the retired school teacher Masterji, trying to fight for his rights and Dharmen Shah, the greedy real estate developer. This paper therefore is an attempt to identify the elements of neo-colonialism in India as represented in Aravind Adiga’s Last Man in Tower.

Digital and Inter-Generational Divide

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Paolo Ferri
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Natives ◽  
Digital Immigrants ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Definition Of

Digital divide can be considered a macro economical index representing the social differences and the separation between the North and the South of the world. Since the first definition of digital divide, it has been shown that it is also a great and unrecognized problem in the developed countries, especially in the field of education. “Digital disconnection” is a key problem for School and University as institutions. In this paper, the above questions are widely analyzed with a special attention on the spreading gap between digital natives (i.e., young students), and digital immigrants (i.e., parents, teachers and policymakers in the school).

scholarly journals Beyond dependency: the promise of Confucianism in Post-Westphalia International relations

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricky Wai-kay Yue
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The West ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Core ◽  
The North ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Beijing Consensus ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Confucian Values

The landscape of post-colonial development is marked by deepening dependency of the developing states on the core states consisted mainly of western developed countries. The continuous widening of the north–south divide is not surprising given that the discourse on international relations has been dominated by western ideologies of realism, liberalism and constructivism, resulting in an insufficient attempt to examine international relations from a non-Westphalian perspective. Through the implementation of the Washington Consensus, developing countries are being forced to follow the development model of liberal democracy designed by the West, for the benefit of the West. This paper attempts to investigate an alternative approach from a Chinese historical structural perspective. By highlighting the key tenets of Confucianism, this paper aims to contribute towards a non-Western international relations discourse that is based on moral values. Attempts by China to provide assistance to the “poor south” are marred by accusations of neo-colonialism. In order to fulfil its great power responsibility, China needs to incorporate these Confucian values into its Beijing Consensus so that the global south can abandon their dependency on the West and truly set the stage for south-south cooperation.

scholarly journals Two epochal turns of inequality, their significance, and their dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Therborn
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
The South ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
The North ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Developed Countries

AbstractAt the end of the twentieth century, two historical turns of economic inequality happened. Among the developed countries of the Global North, the secular trend of decreasing intra-national inequality turned into its opposite. At about the same time, the long period of global inequality began to bend down, among households as well as among nations, a turn less noticed but more significant than the reduction of extreme poverty in the South. The foundation of the former turn was the beginning of de-industrialization in the North, and the coming of a post-industrial society, very different from the one predicted. The paper analyzes the trigger of the turn and the central dynamics of the new inequality in the rich North, financialization, and the digital revolution. It then tries to answer two questions about the global turn: Was the decline of global inequality causally connected to the increase of Northern intra-national inequality? Will there be a development of industrial societies in the South? The answer to both is no. What lies ahead is more likely a global convergence of intra-national unequalization, albeit with both different and similar dynamics, as the decline of extreme poverty in the South is leading to inequality increases comparable to those of the North. Post-industrialism has no egalitarian dialectic like that of industrial capitalism, but the dynamics of the twenty-first century inequality are likely to be confronted not only with popular protest movements but also with an emergent scholarly and intellectual Egalitarian Enlightenment.

The Problems of Development Gap between Developed and Developing Nations

2016 ◽  
pp. 29-50
Author(s):  
Debashis Mazumdar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Development Gap

The persistently large income gap between the Developed Countries (DCs) of the North and relatively Less Developed and Developing Countries (LDDCs) of the South is one of the most notable features of the international community over the last few decades. Such large disparities in income are paralleled by huge gaps in other non-monetary indicators of well being. Different research works in this field have indicated that the average annual growth rate of per capita income in LDDCs has been faster compared to that in DCs particularly since early 1990s indicating a sign of convergence in the growth process. However, the absolute gap between the DCs and LDDCs in terms of per capita GNP has widened over years. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to indicate the pattern of ß-convergence and s- convergence in income growth between DCs and LDDCs during 1960-2012. The study observes that there remains a definite indication of ß and s convergence in the growth rate of real PCI across different groups of nations particularly during the period 2000-2013.

Digital and Inter-Generational Divide

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Paolo Ferri
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Natives ◽  
Digital Immigrants ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Definition Of

Digital divide can be considered a macro economical index representing the social differences and the separation between the North and the South of the world. Since the first definition of digital divide, it has been shown that it is also a great and unrecognized problem in the developed countries, especially in the field of education. “Digital disconnection” is a key problem for School and University as institutions. In this article, the above questions are widely analyzed with a special attention on the spreading gap between digital natives (i.e., young students), and digital immigrants (i.e., parents, teachers and policymakers in the school).

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