RUSSIAN SPEAKING COMMUNITIES IN AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY: APPROACHES TO IDENTIFICATION, ASSESSMENT OF NUMBERS AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Ryazantsev ◽  
◽  
Marina N. Khramova ◽  
Irina N. Molodikova ◽  
Julianna Faludi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Language Courses ◽  
Educational Migration ◽  
Stable Economy ◽  
High Standards ◽  
The Russian Language

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the formation of Russian-speaking communities in two European countries — Austria and Hungary — in the post-Soviet period. Some historical factors of the emergence of Russian-speaking communities in these countries, the current state, popula-tion dynamics and demographic structure are considered. It is noted that in the last decade, both in Austria and Hungary, the interest of Russians as countries of potential emigration has been growing. High standards of quality of life, a stable economy, a favorable climate, and a rich cultural heritage make Austria very attractive to Russians. The relative low cost of living, mild climate, inexpensive real estate and the possibility of registering it as property contribute to the growth of Russian interest in Hungary. The main channels for increasing the number of Russian-speaking communities at present can be considered marriage migration, family reunification, and educational migration. The gender structure is dominated by women. A significant part of the representatives of Russian-speaking communities is well integrated into the host societies. One of the important elements of the interaction of Russian-speaking communities in Austria and Hungary is the Russian language. The article estimates its prevalence based on an analysis of the Russian-language press, social networks, the functioning of schools and Russian language courses.

scholarly journals The Great Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language as a Reflection of Economic Change: Semantic Dynamics of Words with the Root Torg-

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Roman I. Vorontsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semantic Differentiation ◽  
Historic Change ◽  
Text Illustrations ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
The Russian Language

The article deals with the dynamics of a fragment of the Russian linguistic worldview projected onto the experience of academic lexicography. Based on the data extracted from the three editions of the Great Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language (also referred to as the Dictionary), which serves as a reflection of the 80-yearlong history of the Soviet and Russian society, the sociocultural dynamics of a conceptual view of economy and trade is uncovered through its lexical, semantic and lexicographic realization. The aim of the research is to analyze the semantic dynamics of the words with root torg- [trade] based on the Dictionary data. This includes the study of the lexicographic interpretation of these words as well as the justification of new lexicographic solutions. The key attention is paid to a number of polysemantic words: torg, torgovat’, torgovat’sya, torgovlya, torgovyy. In the course of the research, the method of componential semantic analysis is applied together with the comparison of the entries from different editions of the Dictionary and with the selection of text illustrations by means of linguistic corpora. Two aspects of the semantic dynamics of the words with root torg- are discussed: 1) reflection of lexicographic principles adopted by the authors of the Dictionary and 2) lexical and semantic objectivation of the Russian linguistic worldview. The first aspect is represented by the trend of semantic differentiation typical of the Dictionary and manifested in both enlargement and specification of the word semantic structure. Syncretic meanings that can be seen in the first edition are later splintered into separate meanings or even shades of meaning (torgash, torgashestvo, torgovat’). The sociocultural dynamics is presented by a number of linguistic trends. The first trend is generating new collocations, and the adjective torgovyy shows here the highest productivity. Adjacent to it stands the active formation of compound words beginning with torgovo-. The second (controversial) trend is obsolescence of words and meanings: notions of the Soviet economy are going out of use (torg as a ‘trade institution’). The third trend is actualization of obsolete words and meanings, which is often only illusive. In the Soviet period, many notions of economy were considered inadmissible or typical of the Czarist era, hence, these words were defined as obsolete ones. However, the historic change of the early 1990s showed that this part of vocabulary was always commonly used, even in the Soviet texts that could not serve as a source of illustrations due to censorship. Thus, the considered aspects of the semantic dynamics of the words with the root torg- demonstrate the general way of conceptualizing the economic sphere by the Russians. It is mainly reflected in the social revaluation of the market relations, trade, and entrepreneurship. The lexical and semantic objectivation of this revaluation requires shrewd lexicographic solutions.

scholarly journals Objectification of the superconcept «ideology» in the publicistic discours: diachronic aspect

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
S. Baimamyrov ◽  
◽  
B. Tungushbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Body ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Linguistic Representations ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The authors considers the phraseological — periphrastic combination in the conceptospher of the superсonсept «ideology» that exist in the minds of members of social groups in the form of linguistic representations, define group identity and are included in the body of political lexicon, as one of the highlights of the Russian language will the Soviet / post-Soviet period. Our research is devoted to an actual problem of the modern linguistic science — cognitive theory, particularly to structure and semantic study of the superconcept «ideology». In the article described over phrase combinations OPHC of the Russian language, verbalizing this concept in publicistic discourse of the Soviet and beginning of the Post Soviet periods. Theoretical importance of the offered research is defined by the development of the Russian language conceptosphere theory, author’s attempt to work out OPhC theory, ordering principles, underlining and describing them in pragma linguistic aspectpractical. The authors of the article also present various schemes and tables, illustrating the theoretical provisions of the work.

scholarly journals Analysis of public inquiry in the preambles of the constitutions of post-Soviet states using language markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 11006
Author(s):  
Victor Linkin ◽  
Marina Alekseeva ◽  
Svetlana Rybak ◽  
Elena Filimonova
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Public Inquiry ◽  
Google Books ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
The Russian Language

Based on the integrated use of comparative, statistical and hermeneutic research methods, in order to obtain a synergistic effect, the authors study the preambles of the constitutions of the newly formed states of the post-Soviet period. The authors propose an assessment of the content of the Preamble of Constitutions as the primary source of public inquiries, reflecting on the features of state policy, a concentrate of goals and objectives set by the society and the state. A variety of methodological tools will reveal the object of research from unexpected sides, to reveal the entirety of the phenomenon under consideration. In this study, comparative, statistical, and hermeneutic methods which are quite common in the humanities will be applied. The above-mentioned methods will be used in cooperation in order to obtain a synergistic effect. The results, expressed in the frequency of use of identical public queries, will be further included in the Google Books Ngram Viewer program, which analyzes the frequency of use of language units based on the Russian-language sources introduced in it from the 18th century to the present day and numbering 8 million editions.

‘Russia is always ahead of time…’ Аndrey Bitov on himself, the empire, the Russian language and literature

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Elena K. Chkhaidze
Keyword(s):  
Russian Literature ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
The West ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Imperial Identity ◽  
The Russian Language

One of the last interviews given by Andrey Bitov, often considered a founder of Russian Postmodernism, before his death. His books are a symbiosis of knowledge (of history, culture, and literature) and play, which is perceived as the driver of alternating meanings constantly undergoing a transformation. The idea behind the conversation was not only to clarify the questions left unanswered upon the reading of Bitov’s epic Empire in Four Dimensions [ Imperiya v chetyryokh izmereniyakh ] and other books, but also to identify the foundations of the writer’s views. In one of his last interviews, Bitov discussed his vision of Russia’s imperial identity and Russian mentality, the Soviet regime and the Soviet period, Stalin’s role in history, his attitude to the West, the Russian language, secrets of his books and his favorite authors. Bitov reminisced about his trips to the Soviet republics of Georgia and Armenia, as well as his friendship with R. Gabriadze and G. Matevosyan. The writer offered his original vision of the development of Russian literature in the 19th c. in light of his fascination with astrology.

Connotative proper names of the post-Soviet period: features of understanding and reproducibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
Irina V. Kryukova ◽  
◽  
Oksana V. Vrublevskaya ◽  
Tamara V. Khvesko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the proper names that have changed or acquired emotional and evaluative connotations over the last 30 years (the connotative names used in a figurative sense in the texts of different genres). The experiment, 200 respondents from Volgograd and Tyumen involved two stages: first, the degree of names recognition was determined, second, the level of reproducibility of these names in a figurative meaning was identified. Socio-political situation changes tend to lead to significant semantic shifts in the meaning of well-known connotative names. Of particular relevance is the post-Soviet period, a new stage in the history of modern Russia, due to having affected both the economic and political processes in the country and the value priorities of Russian society reflected in the language of the last three decades. Psycholinguistic methods for studying lexical semantics, namely, the method of addition and synonymous replacement and the method of restoring incomplete utterance, were applied to establish the features of understanding and reproducibility of connotative names of the post-Soviet period by native speakers of the Russian language. The results allow ranking the names according to the degree of recognition (low, medium, or high) and marking the levels of reproducibility (names with stable or lost connotations). The regional and age peculiarities of understanding and reproducing the connotative names of the post-Soviet period are noted. The prospects and relevance of the lexicographic description of the connotative names are determined.

scholarly journals Ilya Heifetz’s violin concerto: revisiting the issue of the Jewish national identity

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Galina Aleksandrovna Cheremnykh
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Violin Concerto ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Creative Experience ◽  
Academic Genre ◽  
The Russian Language

The article considers the instrumental creative work of a modern Russian-Israely composer Ilya Heifetz. His life and creative experience has two definite stages: Russian (before 1991) and Israely, and each of them is marked with the problem of reconsidering national roots in life and work. One of the examples of addressing this problem in Heifetz’s compositions of the Soviet period is his violin concerto. The author of the research considers the composer’s combination of the patterns of the academic genre and the intonational and structural peculiarities of Jewish folklore as an attempt to comprehend his national identity. The intonation and thematic analysis of the concerto compared with the composer’s statements distilled from his personal letters allows concluding about the presence of a concealed program revealing the problem of the history of the Jewish people and national character and reflecting the peculiarities of comprehension of their national identity by the subethnic group of Russian Jews. Since the main characteristic of this subethnic group is the Russian language and Russian culture perceived through it, the author of the research focuses on the way the peculiarities of the Russian composing school manifest themselves in this piece of music based on the Jewish intonations and genres.   

scholarly journals ETHNIC-LANGUAGE PROCESSES AMONG THE KUMANDY, TUBALARS AND CHELKANS IN THE 19TH — EARLY 21ST CENTURIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-157
Author(s):  
Василий Владимирович Николаев ◽  
Екатерина Викторовна Самушкина
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Ethnic Language ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Collective Farms

Статья посвящена проблеме языковой идентичности кумандинцев, тубаларов и челканцев. В статье будут рассмотрены этноязыковые процессы, определено современное состояние и дана характеристика перспектив развития этноязыковой ситуации у трех коренных малочисленных тюркоязычных народов Алтая. На основе анализа архивных источников (материалов делопроизводственных документов региональной власти, Всероссийской сельскохозяйственной переписи 1917 г.), опубликованных данных переписей, глубинных интервью, результатов соцопроса представлены процессы этнолингвистической трансформации среди коренных малочисленных народов предгорий Северного Алтая. В ходе исследования выявлены факторы, повлиявшие на изменение языковой картины, а также последствия трансформаций для данных этнических групп. Доказано, что на протяжении XIX — начала XXI вв. этноязыковая ситуация у коренного населения предгорий Северного Алтая кардинально изменилась. Сделан вывод о том, что до 30-х гг. XX в. подавляющее большинство населения изучаемого региона говорило на родном языке и не знало русского языка, несмотря на работу Алтайской духовной миссии и широкое расселение переселенцев в регионе. В пределах 10 % от общей численности коренных тюрко-язычных жителей, в основном мужчин, владело русским языком. В раннесоветский период, в том числе, благодаря программам советской власти по формированию сети школ, организации «национальных колхозов» распространение русского языка среди кумандинцев, тубаларов и челканцев сдерживалось. В дальнейшем «национальные» школы и колхозы были закрыты. Русский язык стал доминировать в публичной сфере. Именно поколение родившихся в 20–30-х гг. XX в. становится массово билингвами. Отправной точкой нивелирования миноритарных языков стало разрушение среды, в которой они функционировали, в результате ликвидации неперспективных сел и отрыва от родной языковой среды вследствие миграции молодых людей за пределы этнической территории в 50–70-е гг. XX в. Современное состояние миноритарных языков характеризуется кризисными явлениями; перспективой для них является деятельность общественных организаций. The article is devoted to the problem of linguistic identity of the Kumandy, Tubalars and Chelkans. The article will consider ethnic-language processes, will determine the current position and will char-acterize the future of the ethnic-language situation among the Kumandins, Tubalars and Chelkans. Based on the analysis of archival sources (materials of paperwork of regional authorities, materials of the All-Russian Agricultural Census of 1917), published census data, and indepth interviews, results sociological survey the processes of ethnolinguistic transformation among the indigenous peoples of the foothills of Northern Altai are presented. The study identified factors that influenced the change in the linguistic picture, the consequences of the change for these ethnic groups. It is proved that during the XIX — early XXI centuries. The ethnic-language situation of the indigenous population of the foothills of the Northern Altai has changed dramatically. It is concluded that until 1930s the vast majority of the population of the studied region spoke their native language, despite the work of the Altai spiritual mission. Within 10 % of the total number of indigenous Türkic-speaking inhabitants, mainly men, spoke Russian. In the early Soviet period, including thanks to the programs of the Soviet government to form a network of schools and the organization of “national collective farms”, the distribution of the Russian language among the Kumandy, Tubalars and Chelkans was restrained. In the future, “national” schools and collective farms were closed. The Russian language began to dominate in the public sphere. It is the generation born in the 1920–1930s becomes massively bilingual. The starting point for the leveling of minority languages was the destruction of the environment in which they functioned as a result of the liquidation of unpromising villages and separation from their native language environment due to the migration of young people outside the ethnic territory in the 1950–1970s. Currently minority languages are being lost. The number of their carriers is reduced. The Kumandin, Tubalar and Chelkan languages can retain the interest of indigenous people and the activities of public organizations.

scholarly journals Russian as a native language in the post-Soviet space in comparison with the results of the 1989 census

2021 ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Andrei Manakov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Post Soviet Period ◽  
Post Soviet Space

In the post-Soviet period, there was a significant narrowing of the Russian language distribution space. The aim of the study is to identify the changes that have taken place since the collapse of the Soviet Union at the level of the post-Soviet countries in the number and proportion of people who named Russian their native language. The novelty of this study is based on the level of regions in the post-Soviet space and the analysis of the dynamics of such indicators as to the share of the non-Russian population, who named Russian their native language. Almost all post-Soviet states experienced a decrease in the number and share of the Russian-speaking population. Currently, the minimum indicators of the proportion of Russians and Russian-speaking people are characterized by the states of Transcaucasia, as well as Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. The biggest losses in the post-Soviet period of both the Russian and Russian-speaking population, in relative terms, were experienced by Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. A special dynamics of these indicators have developed in two states — in the Republic of Belarus and Ukraine. In these countries, the part of the biethnic population that adopted the identity of the titular ethnic group retained the Russian language. Russian, for example, has declined more rapidly in Ukraine than in the categories of people who consider Russian as their native language, and this has led to a decline in the number and share of the Russian population. The situation in the Republic of Belarus, which is unique in the post-Soviet space, was the result of the 1995 referendum that established the status of the state language for Russian. As a result, along with the decrease in the Russian population in the Republic of Belarus, there has been a significant increase in the category of citizens who named Russian their native language.

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