Evaluation of microorganisms associated with vended frozen fish in Ado Ekiti locality

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
P.T. Olagbemide ◽  
F.C. Akharaiyi
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Frozen Fish

Fishes are world widely consumed by all categories of works of life because of their richness in protein, readily available and affordable by all. The basic nutrient of protein in fish that is so important in man’s diet also attracted microorganisms for their growth and multiplication. Meanwhile, the association of microorganisms in fishes depend on the environment of culture and their proliferation due to inadequate storage facilities. The aim of this study was focused on the isolation and identification of microorganisms from four frozen fish species sold in the Ado Ekiti metropolis. Frozen fish samples of Scomber scombrus (Atlantic Mackerel), Clupea harengus (Atlantic herring), Urophycis tenuis (White hake or mud hake) and Trachurus trachurus (Atlantic horse mackerel) from two markets in Ado Ekiti were microbiologically analyzed for possible microbial contamination. On the fish samples, the total heterotrophic count (THC) was 3.5×104 – 5.6×104 CFU/g, total coliform count (TCC) was 2.4×104 – 5.1×104 CFU/g, total Salmonella/Shigella count (TSSC) was 1.3×104 – 3.5×104 CFU/g, total Vibrio count (TVC) was 1.1×104 – 2.3×104 CFU/g and total fungal count (TFC) was 1.3×103 – 2.3×103 Spore/g were analyzed by cultural methods. There were variations in microbial loads among the fish species in the surveyed markets. The microorganisms identified with their percentage occurrence were Bacillus cereus (11.54%), Streptococcus faecium (13.46%), Alcaligenes faecalis (5.77%), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (5.77%), Micrococcus luteus (9.62%), Vibrio cholerae (7.69%), Aerococcus viridans (3.85%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.69%), Xanthomonas fragariae (7.69%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.54%), Clostridium butyricum (7.68%), Escherichia coli (7.69%), Aspergillus fumigatus (11.11%), Aspergillus flavus (24.44%), Aspergillus clavatus (8.89%), Aspergillus fishcheri (6.69%), Aspergillus terreus (8.89%), Mucor mucedo (17.78%), Penicillium digitatum (13.33%) and Aspergillus parasiticus (8.89%). The results emphasized the microbial contamination of the fishes. The results obtained could serve as an awareness to consumers that microbial infection is possible from frozen fishes and as data for future reference in epidemiology or outbreak of disease from eating frozen fish.

Histamine Production by Enterobacter aerogenes in Sailfish and Milkfish at Various Storage Temperatures

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1690-1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUNG-HSIANG TSAI ◽  
SHIOU-CHUNG CHANG ◽  
HSIEN-FENG KUNG ◽  
CHENG-I WEI ◽  
DENG-FWU HWANG
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Histamine Production ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Histamine Formation ◽  
Frozen Fish

Enterobacter aerogenes was studied for its growth and ability to promote the formation of total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) and histamine in sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) and milkfish (Chanos chanos) stored at various temperatures from −20 to 37°C. The optimal temperature for bacterial growth in both fish species was 25°C, whereas the optimal temperature for histamine formation was 37°C. The two fish species inoculated with E. aerogenes, when not properly stored at low temperatures such as 15°C for 36 h, formed histamine at above the U.S. Food and Drug Administration hazardous guideline level of 50 mg/100 g. Milkfish was a better substrate than sailfish for histamine formation by bacterial histidine decarboxylation at elevated temperatures (>15°C). Although higher contents of TVBN were detected in the spiked sailfish than milkfish during the same storage time at temperatures above 15°C, the use of the 30-mg/100 g level of TVBN as a determination index for fish quality and decomposition was not a good criterion for assessing potential histamine hazard for both fish species. Bacterial growth was controlled by cold storage of the fish at 4°C or below, but histamine formation was stopped only by frozen storage. Once the frozen fish samples were thawed and stored at 25°C, histamine started to accumulate rapidly and reached levels greater than the hazardous action level in 36 h.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality assessment of Chapila (Gudusia chapra) and Tengra (Mystus vittatus) in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Quaiyum ◽  
Md Mofizur Rahman ◽  
Bhakta Supratim Sarker ◽  
Md Masud Alam ◽  
Najmus Sakib Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Mystus Vittatus ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Frozen Fish ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count

Present study was conducted to determine and quantify the occurrence of various types of microorganisms in raw and final products of Chapila (Gudusia chapra) and Tengra (Mystus vittatus) and also to enhance food safety with a view of promoting international trade. Raw and frozen Chapila and Tengra samleswere collected and the microbial analysis was conducted. In case of raw product of Chapila, the aerobic plate count (APC) was 2.6×105 cfu/g, whereas in frozen products, the load was estimated to be 4.0×105 cfu/g. Furthermore, while APC of raw Tengra was 2×105 cfu/g, the APCs were 3.3×106 cfu/g in frozen product. Total coliform in raw and frozen Chapila was found to be 36.00 ± 2.3 MPN/g and 7.2 ± 1.01 MPN/g, respectively and 27.00 ± 5.57 MPN/g and 9.4 ± 3.75 MPN/g, respectively were found in raw and frozen Tengra samples. Moreover, Fecal coliform in frozen samples of Chapila and Tengra was found within the acceptable limit (<3 MPN/g). Salmonella spp. and Vibrio cholerae were not detected in any of the raw and frozen Chapila and Tengra samples. Overall, the present study reveals that tested frozen fish samples from the fish processing plant were good enough for export and of better quality than raw fish samples from the microbiological point of view. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v2i1.15203 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.2(1) 2012: 6-9

Effects of Drying Methods on the Biochemical Composition and Organoleptic Properties of Two Freshwater Fish Species (Mormyrus rume and Labeo coubie) of Cross River Obubra, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Fish And Fishery Products ◽  
Mormyrus Rume

Consumers all over the world are increasingly becoming aware of the health and nutrition status of fish and fishery products. There have develop some preference for fish species and even their processing methods. This study aims to investigate the effects of two drying methods (smoking and oven drying) on the biochemical components and organoleptic properties of two less preferred food fishes abundant in the study area. The fish samples Mormyrus rume and Labeo coubie were purchased from fresh landings of fishermen at Ahaha beach. The biochemical assay of the moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) were conducted in the labouratory using standard methods. The proximate composition of raw M. rume was determined as moisture 70.38%, protein 17.43%, carbohydrate 1.13%, fat 5.93% and ash 2.77% while oven dried were 18.78, 63.85, 3.37, 8.73 and 7.58% respectively. All the proximate parameters and gross energy level investigated were higher (p < 0.05) in M. rume except the moisture content of dried samples of L. coubie. The mineral content were in the order Ca < Mg < Fe < Na < P and < K in both species and were higher in M. rume except Na. The drying methods showed increase in the proximate and mineral compositions in the order raw < smoking and < oven drying except moisture content that decreased respectively is both species. Organoleptic properties revealed that dried samples (smoked and oven) were not significantly different (p < 0.05) in taste, flavour, texture and overall acceptance, however while oven dried had better colour (4.33), smoked dried taste (4.63) better. The drying methods shows concentration of the required nutrients in human diets and were also found to be most palatable by the panellist. To improve fish nutrient quality smoke and oven drying should be encourage.

Investigation of microbial contamination of Powdered Infant Formula during different storage periods after opening

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Khalid Al-atrash
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Powdered Infant Formula ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study was carried out to knowing effect different storage periods of the microbial quality for the Powdered Infant Formula (PIF) after opening the tin, and ensuring from the safety note (after opening, use within 3 weeks). Thirty (30) samples of (PIF) from category (1 – 6 months) in five different types are collected from pharmacies and local markets in Baquba city / Iraq, which are used as substitutes for breast milk during the first day of opening the tin powders such as Total viable count, Total coliform count, Salmonella count and Yeast and Molds count. These experiments repeated at each week of same samples within (5) weeks. Results were obtained at opening the tin, Total viable count (less than 0.05 1.0 x 103 ±1.5x10 CFU/g) were significantly higher than Total Coliform count (less than 0.05 ± 0.3 x 10 CFU/g) and Total Salmonella count (less than 0.05 0 x 10 CFU/g) and Yeasts and Molds (less than 0.05 ± 0.3 x 10 CFU/g). while results obtained at fifth week were (less than 0.05 8.8 x 103 ±5.5x102 CFU/g), (less than 0.05 0.9 x 102 ± 0.4x101 CFU/g), (less than 0.05 0 x 10 CFU/g), (less than 0.05 9.5 x 10 ± 1.2x101 CFU /g) respectively. All samples of (PIF) having non-significant difference. These results compared to Iraqi Quality Standards (IQS), all the results from the opening samples to fifth week were within the range of IQS and USA Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and as indicates the hygienic condition of (PIF) without risk level for human health. also observed increase in microbial contamination in each week because increase the moisture content for powdered milk. Can be used more than 3 weeks after opening if stored in good conditions with good hygienic practices during milk preparation.

scholarly journals LC–MS/MS Analysis of Ciguatoxins Revealing the Regional and Species Distinction of Fish in the Tropical Western Pacific

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomasa Oshiro ◽  
Takumi Tomikawa ◽  
Kyoko Kuniyoshi ◽  
Akira Ishikawa ◽  
Hajime Toyofuku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Main Island ◽  
Tropical Western Pacific ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Fish Samples

Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is one of the most frequently reported seafood poisoning diseases. It is endemic to the tropical region and occurs most commonly in the regions around the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Caribbean Sea. The principal toxins causing CFP are ciguatoxins (CTXs). In the Pacific region, more than 20 analogs of CTXs have been identified to date. Based on their skeletal structures, they are classified into CTX1B-type and CTX3C-type toxins. We have previously reported species-specific and regional-specific toxin profiles. In this study, the levels and profiles of CTXs in fish present in the tropical western Pacific regions were analyzed using the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) technique. Forty-two fish specimens, belonging to the categories of snappers, groupers, Spanish mackerel, and moray eel, were purchased from various places such as Fiji, the Philippines, Thailand, and Taiwan. Only the fish captured from Fijian coastal waters contained detectable amounts of CTXs. The toxin levels in the fish species found along the coastal regions of the Viti Levu Island, the main island in Fiji, and the toxin profiles were significantly different from those of the fish species present in other coastal regions. The toxin levels and profiles varied among the different fish samples collected from different coastal areas. Based on the toxin levels and toxin profiles, the coast was demarcated into three zones. In Zone-1, which covers the northern coast of the main island and the regions of the Malake Island and Korovau, CTXs in fish were below the detection level. In Zone-2, CTX3C-type toxins were present in low levels in the fish. CTX1B-type and CTX3C-type toxins co-occurred in the fish present in Zone-3. The toxin profiles may have reflected the variation in Gambierdiscus spp.

scholarly journals Diversity of Bacteria and Fungi Associated with Freshwater Fishes from Mijawal River, Nasarawa, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-2020
Author(s):  
K.M. Adamu ◽  
H. Muhammad ◽  
S.U. Ahmad ◽  
M.M. Ahmad ◽  
A.M. Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Tilapia Zillii ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Mormyrus Rume

Understudying the presence of bacteria and fungi population on freshwater fishes, provides the knowledge and understanding of their diversity and potential roles they may play in the health of the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The present study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of bacteria and fungi species of identified fish samples from River Mijawal, Nasarawa State. The fishes were sampled from the only landing for three months (October to December, 2019) for this study. During the sampling periods, thirteen (13) different fish species were identified; they were  swabbed with sterilized swab stick from the skin surface for bacteria and fungi identification. The Dominant fish species were Tilapia zillii, Labeo senegalensis, Mormyrus rume and Mormyrus tapines. The total number of thirteen (13) bacterial and five (5) fungi species were isolated and  identified. Eight (8) of the bacteria isolates, were gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas sp, Aeromonas sp, Serratia mercescenes, Proteus sp, Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, and Enterobacter sp.); whilst the other five (5) were gram positive bacteria (Bacillus sp, Micrococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Enterococcus sp and Listeria monocytogenes).The five isolated fungi species were Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus sp, Penicillium  sp, Trichoderma viridae and Geotrichum candidum. The frequency of occurrence of the isolated bacteria indicated that Staphylococcus sp had the highest frequency of occurrence (16.67%) while Serratia mercescens had the least occurrence (2.78%). The highest number of occurrence of the isolated fungi species was observed in Rhizopus sp while the least was recorded in Geotricum candidum. It was observed that Tilapia zillii and  Mormyrus rume had the most frequent bacteria and fungi isolates. It can therefore be deduced from the results that fish samples identified from River Mijawal has high bacteria and fungi diversity that may be pathogenic to man. The occurrence of these microbes may be attributed of human  and animal faeces in the River  Keywords: Freshwater fishes, Microbes, River Mijawal, Nasarawa  

scholarly journals The fishes of the Bolaman Stream, Northern Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Serkan Saygun
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
First Time ◽  
Squalius Cephalus

In this study, the fish species inhabiting the Bolaman Stream drains to the Black Sea from the Fatsa coast (Ordu Province, Turkey) was reported for the first time. The study was caught out non-periodically by sampling from seven stations in the Bolaman Stream between July 2017 and November 2018. Fish samples were captured with an electroshock device. With this study, it was determined that the fish fauna of the Bolaman Stream is represented by 10 species in five families (Acheilognothidae, Cyprinidae, Gobiidae, Leuciscidae, and Salmonidae). These species were as follows, respectively Rhodeus amarus, Barbus tauricus, Capoeta banarescui, Neogobius fluviatilis, Ponticola turani, Alburnus derjugini, Squalius cephalus, Vimba vimba, Alburnoides fasciatus, and Salmo coruhensis.

scholarly journals Hygiene Practices and Microbial Contamination of Street-vended Foods in Kenyatta University’s Environs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Were ◽  
Gertrude Were ◽  
Kevin Omondi Aduol
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
And Training ◽  
Main Entrance

Street-vended foods are a major threat to public health because of their microbial contamination. This study investigated hygiene practices and microbial contamination of street foods in Kenyatta University’s environs. Both cross-sectional and experimental designs were adopted. Four (4) major vending stalls at the main entrance to Kenyatta University, gate (A) and at the hind gate at KM shopping center were identified for this study. Twelve (12) food samples were collected from these stalls; sausages, samosas and kachumbari. The foods were collected and transported in cooler boxes to the Microbiology Laboratory at Kenyatta University within 3 hours for analyses. Standard microbiological methods were used for enumeration of Salmonella, coliforms and Escherichia coli. No Salmonella was detected per 25g in all food samples tested. Fifty percent (50%) of kachumbari samples tested positive for E.coli whereas samosas and sausages tested negative. Kachumbari, from all vending stalls, had total coliform levels 4.12 log10 cfu/g, 4.26 log10 cfu/g and 4.21 log10 cfu/g, that did not meet the quality standards (4.00 log10 cfu/g) for ready-to-eat foods. Total coliform counts were below detection limits in samosas and sausages. All (100%) the stalls were exposed to potential contaminants: 75% of the vendors did not wear protective clothing, they handled money and sold food simultaneously, and polythene bags exposed to open air, were used for packaging take away rations. All the foods evaluated were safe for human consumption except kachumbari. Policies on safe street food to be enforced and education and training of vendors on environmental and personal hygiene to be strengthened.

scholarly journals DINAMIKA POPULASI IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) DI DANAU PANIAI, PAPUA

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Samuel Samuel ◽  
Yoga Candra Ditya ◽  
Vipen Adiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Lake Management ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Information Research ◽  
Endemic Fish ◽  
Average Size

Introduksi ikan nila atau “serapia” (Oreochromis niloticus) di Danau Paniai bertujuan untuk meningkatkan diversitas hasil tangkapan dan mengurangi tekanan eksploitasi terhadap jenis ikan endemik. Pertumbuhan dan produksi ikan nila yang cepat tanpa diiringi upaya pengelolaan akan mengancam keberlanjutan ikan endemik di danau. Upaya pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan di suatu perairan membutuhkan informasi dinamika populasi. Penelitian dinamika dan pengelolaan populasi ikan nila dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai Oktober 2016. Contoh ikan dikumpulkan dari hasil tangkapan nelayan dengan menggunakan jaring insang dengan berbagai ukuran mata jaring dan dari 4 (empat) enumerator pada tujuh stasiun pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan populasi ikan nila di Danau Paniai didominasi ukuran panjang individu antara 15-25 cm sebanyak 67,24%. Pola pertumbuhan ikan jantan dan betina adalah isometrik, panjang maksimum rata-rata (L) adalah 37,28 cm dan koefisien pertumbuhan (K) adalah 0,50 per tahun. Mortalitas alami (M) dan mortalitas penangkapan (F) masing-masing sebesar 0,99 dan 0,54 per tahun. Tingkat eksploitasi (E) diperoleh nilai 0,35 lebih kecil dari nilai optimum (E=0,5). Ukuran rata-rata ikan nila tertangkap (Lc) adalah 20,55 cm lebih besar dari ukuran pertama matang gonad (Lm) sebesar 14,73 cm. Nilai Lc>Lm mengindikasikan sebagian besar populasi ikan nila di Danau Paniai sempat melakukan pemijahan sehingga pemanfaatan lebih atau sama dengan nilai optimum diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pemanfataan ikan nila di Danau Paniai. Introduction of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Lake Paniai known as “serapia” is aimed for improving the diversity of catches and reducing the exploitation pressure on the endemic fish species. The rapid growth, reproduction and production of nile tilapia without its management efforts is a new threat to the sustainability of the existence and utilization of endemic fish species in the lake. Management efforts of fish resources require population dynamics information. Research on the dynamics and management of nile tilapia populations was conducted from February to October 2016. Fish samples were collected from fishermen catches using nets with various mesh sizes and from four enumerators at seven observation stations. The results showed that the population of nile tilapia in Lake Paniai was dominated by individual length between 15-25 cm with frequency of 67,24%. The growth pattern of male and female fish were isometric, the average maximum length (L) was 37.28 cm and the growth coefficient (K) was 0.50 per year. Natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were 0.99 and 0.54 per year respectively. Exploitation rate (E) of 0.35 was smaller than the optimum value (E=0.5). The average size of nile tilapia captured (Lc) was 20.55 cm larger than the first size of gonad maturity (Lm) of 14.73 cm. The Lc value was higher than that the Lm value(Lc>Lm) indicating that most of nile tilapia population in Lake Paniai has spawned so that increasing the more or equal to the optimum value was expected to improve the of nile tilapia fish in Lake Paniai.

scholarly journals Stomach Content of Tillapia zilli and Oreochromis nilocticus from Wanzun River, Lavun Local Government, Niger State Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Y. M. Mohammed ◽  
M. D. Abubakar ◽  
A. M. Muhammad ◽  
A. S. Muhammad ◽  
B. L. Umar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Stomach Content ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Empty Stomach ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Individual Fish ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Fish Remains ◽  
The One

This study was conducted to investigate the stomach contents of two commercially important fish species (Tilapia zilli and Oreochromis nilocticus)  from Wanzun River, Northcentral Nigeria using frequency of occurrence and volumetric methods between January to April 2019. Fish samples were collected monthly with help of Fishermen using various fishing nets and traps. One hundred (100) individual fish of each species were collected and their stomach contents were examined. The results obtained expressed in mean percentage indicated that out of the one hundred (100) individual fish of each species examined,Twelve (12%) fish had an empty stomach contents in Tilapia zilli, and out of the 100 samples examined, Seventeen (17%) fish had an empty stomach content in Oreochromis nilocticus. The stomach contents of both Tilapia zilli and Oreochromis nilocticus consist of detritus, insects, fish remains. Algae/protozoans plant materials and molluscs. Both fish species are omnivorous feeders and occupy the same ecological niche.The study reveals the importance of algae, fish, insects and plant materials as food for fishes and they form important part in the diet of the species examined.

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