scholarly journals Towards Electronic Democracy: The Impact of Technological Change on the Official Information Act 1982

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Jessica White
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Central Government ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Government Information ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Electronic Democracy ◽  
Information Management Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Official Information

The paper considers the impact of recent technological advancements on the law and policy of the Official Information Act 1982. As the capacity and potential of technology increases, the ability to store, retrieve, and disseminate information could add immense value to the purposes and operation of the Act. However, there are two substantial difficulties with the technological changes. First, there are insufficient efforts to improve access to technology for certain segments of society. Second, co-ordination between initiatives to improve government information management systems have so far proved ineffective. These two problems pose substantial threats to the usefulness of the new technology. Consequently, the paper concludes by recommending that a co-ordinated, educational approach led by central government will ensure that the Act's benefits for citizens are enhanced by technological change, rather than undermined by it.

The Impact of Technological Change on Incentive Provision

2009 ◽  
pp. 5-36
Author(s):  
Maurizio Lisciandra
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Agency Problem ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Incentive Pay ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Piece Rate ◽  
The Impact

- The simple trade-off between incentive and risk, which is crucial to the agency problem, is not a sufficient explanation for the ineffectiveness of a specific output-related pay such as the contract system adopted in the US iron and steel industry during the second half of the nineteenth-century. The high rate of technological innovation along with workers' extensive bargaining power made output-related pay a sub-optimal solution. This stylised fact unveils the conflicting nature of piece-rate pay compared to fixed pay as new technology is introduced and stimulates an analysis of the interaction between technological change, bargaining powers, and payment systems which can be conducive to a better understanding of the agency problem and the use of incentive pay. Key words: Incentive Contracts, Inside Contracting, Unions, Technological Change. JEL Classification: J33, J51, N31, O33

An Impact of Technological Adoption and Leadership in Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Pham Van Bong ◽  
Anh Tuan Thuai
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Technological Adoption ◽  
Technological Leadership ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Information Management Systems ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Impact

Technological adoption refers to the degree to which people adopt technology and innovations. Technological leadership refers to the concept that a leader increases the awareness about technology and innovations. E-government means the use of new technology in the provision of services provided and other information management systems from government to its citizens. The motive of this study is to identify the impact of technological adoption and technological leadership on the usage of an emerging concept, e-government in ASEAN countries. Other than that, two control variables i.e. literacy rate and population of a country have also been used for study purpose. Literature from the past is very significant in this regard and has been discussed in earlier section of the paper. The research has been conducted by collecting data about the concerned variables from various ASEAN countries for 30 years from. The application of several tests and approaches showed that the two major hypotheses of this study have been accepted. In addition, the impact of one control variable, literacy rate has also been accepted. However, the impact of other control variable i.e. population of the country has been rejected. This study is very important in theoretical, practical and policy making context.

Health Reform and Technological Change: Shifting Hospitalization Patterns for Four Procedures in Manitoba

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth-Ann Soodeen ◽  
Leslie L. Roos ◽  
Sandra Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Hernia Repair ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Health Reform ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Readmission Rates ◽  
Health Reforms ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
The Impact

This study used Manitoba data from 1991 to 1996 to assess the effects of health reforms and technological advances on hospitalization patterns, patient mortality, and readmission rates. Cholecystectomy and hernia repair served as indicators of response to both new technology and health reforms, while appendectomy and hysterectomy helped gauge the impact of health reforms alone. Neither the introduction of new technology (i.e. laparoscopy) nor the health reform initiatives (i.e. shorter hospital stays) adversely affected surgical volumes, postsurgical mortality, or postsurgical readmissions.

The Psychological Impact of New Technologies: Anticipation of Stress

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (13) ◽  
pp. 811-815
Author(s):  
Charles M. Slem ◽  
Daniel J. Levi ◽  
Andrew Young
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Role Overload ◽  
Reduction In Force ◽  
Organizational Benefits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Slem, Levi and Young (1986) developed a model of the psychological impact of technological change on the workforce. The purpose of current research was to investigate the relationship between stress and technological change. The “Impact of Technological Change Survey” was administered to workers in five large electronics manufacturing corporations. Almost one-third of the workforce believed that technological change would make the individual's job more stressful. Over 20% were worried about the future of their jobs. Anticipated role conflict, role ambiguity, and quantitative role overload produced the strongest and most consistent relationships with the global measure of stress. Qualitative role overload and beliefs about reduction in force were more closely allied to job insecurity stress. Anticipated stress is reduced somewhat when technological change is seen as providing personal and organizational benefits or when the organization is perceived as effectively dealing with the transition to the new technology.

scholarly journals The Impact of Institutional Credit on Agricultural Production in Pakistan

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (4II) ◽  
pp. 469-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Munir Ahmad ◽  
Kalbe Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
The Impact

Three main factors that contribute to agricultural growth are the increased use of agricultural inputs, technological change and technical efficiency. Technological change is the result of research and development efforts, while technical efficiency with which new technology is adopted and used more rationally is affected by the flow of information, better infrastructure, availability of funds and farmers’ managerial capabilities. Higher use and better mix of inputs also requires funds at the disposal of farmers. These funds could come either from farmers’ own savings or through borrowings. In less developed countries like Pakistan where savings are negligible especially among the small farmers, agricultural credit appears to be an essential input along with modern technology for higher productivity. Credit requirements of the farming sector have increased rapidly over the past few decades resulting from the rise in use of fertiliser, biocides, improved seeds and mechanisation, and hike in their prices. The agricultural credit system of Pakistan consists of informal and formal sources of credit supply. The informal sources include friends, relatives, commission agents, traders and private moneylenders etc. Presently, the formal credit sources are comprised of financial institutions like Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited (ZTBL)—formerly known as Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan (ADBP), Commercial Banks, and Federal Bank for Cooperatives. Recently, some non-government organisations (NGOs) are also advancing agricultural credit to the rural communities.

Is technological change a devourer of jobs?

2017 ◽  
pp. 111-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Technological Unemployment ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Task Sets ◽  
The Impact

The paper provides a critical analysis of the idea of technological unemployment. The overview of the existing literature on the employment effects of technological change shows that on the micro-level there exists strong and positive relationship between innovations and employment growth in firms; on the sectoral level this correlation becomes ambiguous; on the macro-level the impact of new technologies seems to be positive or neutral. This implies that fears of explosive growth of technological unemployment in the foreseeable future are exaggerated. Our analysis further suggests that new technologies affect mostly the structure of employment rather than its level. Additionally we argue that automation and digitalisation would change mostly task sets within particular occupations rather than distribution of workers by occupations.

Income and Life Quality of Farmer Households Suffering Social Exclusion

2012 ◽  
pp. 63-87
Author(s):  
Anh Mai Ngoc ◽  
Ha Do Thi Hai ◽  
Huyen Nguyen Thi Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Economic Aspect ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Impact

This study uses descriptive statistical method to analyze the income and life qual- ity of 397 farmer households who are suffering social exclusion in an economic aspect out of a total of 725 households surveyed in five Northern provinces of Vietnam in 2010. The farmers’ opinions of the impact of the policies currently prac- ticed by the central government and local authorities to give them access to the labor market are also analyzed in this study to help management officers see how the poli- cies affect the beneficiaries so that they can later make appropriate adjustments.

Asymmetrical Attribution of Performance in China

Asian Survey ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-1003
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Chen Chen ◽  
Jun Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Multilevel Mediation ◽  
Dual Pathway ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Existing studies of the impact of economic development on political trust in China have two major gaps: they fail to explain how economic development contributes to the hierarchical trust pattern, and they do not pay enough attention to the underlying mechanisms. In light of cultural theory and political control theory, we propose adapting performance theory into a theory of “asymmetrical attribution of performance” to better illuminate the case of China. This adapted theory leads to dual pathway theses: expectation fulfillment and local blaming. Using a multilevel mediation model, we show that expectation fulfillment mainly upholds trust in the central government, whereas local blaming undermines trust in local governments. We also uncover a rural–urban distinction in the dual pathway, revealing that both theses are more salient among rural Chinese.

The Process of Globalization and Its Impact on Media

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Veton Zejnullahi
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
World Order ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Four Corners ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Human Eyes ◽  
The Impact

The process of globalization, which many times is considered as new world order is affecting all spheres of modern society but also the media. In this paper specifically we will see the impact of globalization because we see changing the media access to global problems in general being listed on these processes. We will see that the greatest difficulties will have small media as such because the process is moving in the direction of creating mega media which thanks to new technology are reaching to deliver news and information at the time of their occurrence through choked the small media. So it is fair to conclude that the rapid economic development and especially the technology have made the world seem "too small" to the human eyes, because for real-time we will communicate with the world with the only one Internet connection, and also all the information are take for the development of events in the four corners of the world and direct from the places when the events happen. Even Albanian space has not left out of this process because the media in the Republic of Albania and the Republic of Kosovo are adapted to the new conditions under the influence of the globalization process. This fact is proven powerful through creating new television packages, written the websites and newspapers in their possession.

The impact of applying the Common Customs Tariff on the armenian export of Cut and Polished Gems to Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
V. L. Harutyunyan ◽  
S. V. Dokholyan ◽  
A. R. Makaryan
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Diamond Cutting ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

The presented study discusses the issues of applying the Common Customs Tariff (CCT) rates of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) on rough diamonds and the impact thereof on the exports of stones cut and polished inArmeniaand then exported toRussia.Aim. The study aims to identify the possible strategies Armenian diamond cutting and polishing companies could adopt as a response to the application of the CCT rates on rough diamonds and how it would affect exports to various destinations, namely to Russia.Tasks. The authors analyze the current state of the gems and jewelry sector and substantiate the need to either integrate it into the jewelry manufacturing sector or to apply various strategies to facilitate exports to either Russia or other destinations in the medium term in response to the application of the CCT rates.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, including analytical and methodological approaches and elements of forecasting. Possible strategies the Armenian diamond cutting and polishing companies could adopt in the medium term in response to the application of the EAEU CCT rates are determined using the analytical research method, forecasts in the context of the developments in the Armenian gem processing and jewelry market and global trends, statistical data on the imports and exports of cut and polished gems and jewelry for 2014–2018 published by the UN Comtrade Statistics.Results. Statistics on the exports of processed diamonds from 2014 to 2018 highlights the issue associated with the loss of competitiveness suffered by Armenian companies (mainly in comparison with Indian diamond cutters). The major global trends in the diamond cutting and polishing business indicate that it could be virtually impossible for Armenian cutters and polishers to compete with Indian companies in the medium term if they do not comes to investing in new technology to achieve operational efficiency. For these companies, it is important not to lose the Russian market due to an increase in the tariff rate and concentrate on the processing of gems that are larger than 1 carat. Another strategy to avoid an increase in the customs tariff rates would depend on the Armenian government’s ability to negotiate with Russia in respect of direct imports of diamond stones from Russian manufactures. Two other options for Armenian cutters involve focusing on cutting and polishing of rubies, sapphires, emeralds, etc. or integrating into the jewelry sector either by being the primary supplier or by considering this business as a channel to sell processed diamond stones by setting up their own jewelry manufacturing companies.Conclusions. With CCT going into effect in January 2021 and India’s dominant role in the diamond cutting and polishing business, Armenia needs to carefully consider all of the strategies the Armenian companies could adopt, as discussed above. As a member state of the EAEU, Armenia freely exports to Russia, however, further exports to Russia would depend on Armenia’s ability to ensure that cost-effective operations are in place, or to concentrate on the processing of precious gems rather than diamonds, or to switch to the manufacturing of jewelry items as a major export item.Practical Implication. The findings of this study could be of interest to the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia and Business Armenia that could be used in elaborating the strategy for the development of Armenian gems and jewelry sector of the economy.

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