scholarly journals 4D Printing with Bio-based Polymers for Adaptive Wearable Devices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu, Yejun
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Printing Processes

Compared to conventional manufacturing processes, 3D printing has proved its capability of building various structures with high accuracy and material economy. 4D printing adds the fourth dimension, time, to 3D printing technology. Changing through time is a key property of products built by 4D printing. This research focused on bio-based responsive materials, as a means of initiating change and transforming 3D printing to 4D printing. A number of studies have been done to develop the performance of responsive materials or to explore geometric structures for these materials in order to configure products that can benefit from this transformation. Precedents in medical field show great potential for combining bio-based materials with 4D printing in manufacturing highly customised products that adapt to the shape, movement and physiological requirements of a human body. This research project was initiated by the development of printable and responsive bio-based polymers through the National Science Challenge (NSC) Portfolio 5 Spearhead Project “Additive manufacturing and 3D or 4D printing of bio-composites”. The research is inspired by the adaptability and biocompatibility of the medical precedents and explores the possibility of engaging 4D printing in building wearable devices; exemplified by an adaptive wrist splint for progressive rehabilitation. This included researching wound healing processes and related rehabilitation methods to determine the required functionality of the splint and exploring relevant biological structures as inspiration for the design geometry. Working alongside materials scientists, the design was developed along two paths. Firstly, using the new experimental polymers and testing their responsiveness to configure a printable shape- shifting layer of the splint that adapts to changes in the wrist during the healing process. Secondly, integrating these experiments into 3D models for an adaptive splint, comprised of three layers, that responds to the requirements of progressive rehabilitation. The research challenges the properties of the new materials and the associated printing processes, and more research will need to be done to improve both printability and responsive performance. However, the design of the splint provides a case study for potential applications in the broader field of wearable devices that incorporate multiple layers of responsive materials and different geometries that can adapt to the needs of a human body.

scholarly journals 3D/4D Printing of Polymers: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and Stereolithography (SLA)

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3101
Author(s):  
Abishek Kafle ◽  
Eric Luis ◽  
Raman Silwal ◽  
Houwen Matthew Pan ◽  
Pratisthit Lal Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Print Material ◽  
Material Process ◽  
Printing Processes

Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing is a digital manufacturing process and offers virtually limitless opportunities to develop structures/objects by tailoring material composition, processing conditions, and geometry technically at every point in an object. In this review, we present three different early adopted, however, widely used, polymer-based 3D printing processes; fused deposition modelling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and stereolithography (SLA) to create polymeric parts. The main aim of this review is to offer a comparative overview by correlating polymer material-process-properties for three different 3D printing techniques. Moreover, the advanced material-process requirements towards 4D printing via these print methods taking an example of magneto-active polymers is covered. Overall, this review highlights different aspects of these printing methods and serves as a guide to select a suitable print material and 3D print technique for the targeted polymeric material-based applications and also discusses the implementation practices towards 4D printing of polymer-based systems with a current state-of-the-art approach.

Exploring Smart Material Applications for COVID-19 Pandemic Using 4D Printing Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 481-494
Author(s):  
Mohd Javaid ◽  
Abid Haleem
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Smart Material ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Additional Element ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Printing Processes

Today, in the medical field, innovative technological advancements support healthcare systems and improve patients’ lives. 4D printing is one of the innovative technologies that creates notable innovations in the medical field. For the COVID-19 pandemic, this technology proves to be useful in the manufacturing of smart medical parts, which helps treat infected patients. As compared to 3D printing, 4D printing adds time as an additional element in the manufactured part. 4D printing uses smart materials with the same printing processes as being used in 3D printing technology, but here the part printed with smart materials change their shape with time or by the change of environmental temperature, which further creates innovation for patient treatments. 4D printing manufactures a given part, layer by layer, by taking input of a virtual (CAD) model and uses smart material. This paper studies the capability of smart materials and their advancements when used in 4D printing. We have diagrammatically presented the significant parts of 4D printing technology. This paper identifies 11 significant applications of 4D printing and then studies which one provides innovative solutions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Additive manufacturing as an emerging technology for fabrication of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Pulak Bhushan ◽  
Mohit Pandey ◽  
Shantanu Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Process Improvements ◽  
Recent Success ◽  
Mems Fabrication ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Printing Processes

The recent success of additive manufacturing processes (also called, 3D printing) in the manufacturing sector has led to a shift in the focus from simple prototyping to real production-grade technology. The enhanced capabilities of 3D printing processes to build intricate geometric shapes with high precision and resolution have led to their increased use in fabrication of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The 3D printing technology has offered tremendous flexibility to users for fabricating custom-built components. Over the past few decades, different types of 3D printing technologies have been developed. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent developments and significant achievements in most widely used 3D printing technologies for MEMS fabrication, their working methodology, advantages, limitations, and potential applications. Furthermore, some of the emerging hybrid 3D printing technologies are discussed, and the current challenges associated with the 3D printing processes are addressed. Finally, future directions for process improvements in 3D printing techniques are presented.

scholarly journals Benefits of Non-Planar Printing Strategies Towards Eco-Efficient 3D Printing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1599
Author(s):  
Adrián Martínez Cendrero ◽  
Gabriele Maria Fortunato ◽  
Juan Manuel Munoz-Guijosa ◽  
Carmelo De Maria ◽  
Andrés Díaz Lantada
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Printing Processes ◽  
Interesting Alternative

The present work focuses on studying and demonstrating the potential benefits of non-planar printing, as compared to conventional 3D printing, in terms of improved eco-impacts. To this end, a case study of a medical or ergonomic device, which may benefit from non-planar printing in different ways, is completely developed and manufactured employing alternative approaches, which are quantified, as regards production costs and environmental impacts. Three 3D printing processes are used: two of them relying on non-planar printing, one using conventional 2D printing trajectories. Relevant benefits are achieved thanks to the possibility, enabled by non-planar 3D printing, of manufacturing products upon reusable rapid tools. These support tools constitute an interesting alternative to the support meshes generally employed in additive manufacturing, which are normally a relevant source of waste and involve costly post-processes.

Applicability and integration of concrete additive manufacturing in construction industry: A case study

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542098610
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ramadany ◽  
Mohamed Saad Bajjou
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Concrete Material ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Printing Processes

The spread of additive manufacturing in recent years has broadened the sector of applications, namely in the construction field. This technology enables new functionalities and opportunities to be considered for the construction industry. Indeed, 3D printing processes can directly or indirectly affect the concrete material. Besides the printing processes for concrete structures, there are other indirect uses of 3D concrete printing, such as the manufacture of molds and formwork. However, its integration raises new challenges. This paper is first devoted to the state-of-the-art regarding the use of additive manufacturing in construction through a bibliographical study and an overview of various experiences in different countries. Secondly, the opportunities of such technologies for the construction sector will be discussed. Then, the issues and challenges related to the applicability and integration of concrete additive manufacturing will be highlighted. Finally, a diagnosis of the applicability and integration of concrete additive manufacturing has been made by analyzing the results of a survey of Moroccan professionals. The objective is to raise and identify key factors for successful integration.

scholarly journals Case Study: 3D Modelling and Printing of a Plastic Respirator in Laboratory Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Miriam Pekarcikova ◽  
Peter Trebuna ◽  
Marek Kliment ◽  
Stefan Kral
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Customized Production

The importance of 3D printing is primarily that it enables customized production and, through Industry 4.0 technology, enables decentralized production. The article deals with the issue of 3D modelling and 3D printing of plastic respirators in the laboratory conditions of the authors’ workplace. In the above case study, the process of creating 3D models of individual parts of a plastic respirator and the production of a given model using a 3D printer is processed. The article also outlines the trends in 3D printing in connection with Blockchain and their importance on the Supply Chain.

Influence of Constructive and Technological Parameters at Generated Spiral Parts with DLP 3D Printing Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-811
Author(s):  
Mircea Dorin Vasilescu
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
The Third ◽  
Solid Models ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Printing Processes

This work are made for determine the possibility of generating the specific parts of a threaded assembly. If aspects of CAD generating specific elements was analysed over time in several works, the technological aspects of making components by printing processes 3D through optical polymerization process is less studied. Generating the threaded appeared as a necessity for the reconditioning technology or made components of the processing machines. To determine the technological aspects of 3D printing are arranged to achieve specific factors of the technological process, but also from the specific elements of a trapezoidal thread or spiral for translate granular material in supply process are determined experimentally. In the first part analyses the constructive generation process of a spiral element. In the second part are identified the specific aspects that can generation influence on the process of realization by 3D DLP printing of the two studied elements. The third part is affected to printing and determining the dimensions of the analysed components. We will determine the specific value that can influence the process of making them in rapport with printing process. The last part is affected by the conclusions. It can be noticed that both the orientation and the precision of generating solid models have a great influence on the made parts.

Enabling Batteryless Wearable Devices by Transferring Power Through The Human Body

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Rishi Shukla ◽  
Neev Kiran ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Jeremy Gummeson ◽  
Sunghoon Ivan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Barrier

Over the past few decades, we have witnessed tremendous advancements in semiconductor and MEMS technologies, leading to the proliferation of ultra-miniaturized and ultra-low-power (in micro-watt ranges) wearable devices for wellness and healthcare [1]. Most of these wearable sensors are battery powered for their operation. The use of an on-device battery as the primary energy source poses a number of challenges that serve as the key barrier to the development of novel wearable applications and the widespread use of numerous, seamless wearable sensors [5].

scholarly journals Acceleration Feature Extraction of Human Body Based on Wearable Devices

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 924
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Huang ◽  
Qiang Niu ◽  
Ilsun You ◽  
Giovanni Pau
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Feature Extraction Method ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Kalman Filter Algorithm

Wearable devices used for human body monitoring has broad applications in smart home, sports, security and other fields. Wearable devices provide an extremely convenient way to collect a large amount of human motion data. In this paper, the human body acceleration feature extraction method based on wearable devices is studied. Firstly, Butterworth filter is used to filter the data. Then, in order to ensure the extracted feature value more accurately, it is necessary to remove the abnormal data in the source. This paper combines Kalman filter algorithm with a genetic algorithm and use the genetic algorithm to code the parameters of the Kalman filter algorithm. We use Standard Deviation (SD), Interval of Peaks (IoP) and Difference between Adjacent Peaks and Troughs (DAPT) to analyze seven kinds of acceleration. At last, SisFall data set, which is a globally available data set for study and experiments, is used for experiments to verify the effectiveness of our method. Based on simulation results, we can conclude that our method can distinguish different activity clearly.

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