scholarly journals For the people, by the minister: Ministerial interventions in subnational, elected bodies and a principled approach to their future application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Laura Hardcastle
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Boards Of Trustees ◽  
District Health ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
The People ◽  
Government District ◽  
Day Services ◽  
Elected Representatives

<p>Although frequently ignored, New Zealand’s democratically-elected, subnational bodies provide many of the day-to-day services we rely upon, from water and sewerage to healthcare and education. However, the broad discretion enjoyed by ministers responsible for local government, District Health Boards, school boards of trustees and tertiary institution councils means elected representatives could easily be removed with little justification. This paper reviews the ministerial intervention regimes for each of these bodies and concludes that a principled approach to their use is needed to protect democratic values and prevent a concentration of power with the ministers. It suggests democracy, subsidiarity, the scale of the problem, the importance/centrality of the function, timing, complexity, transparency, consultation, apolitical decision-making and minimising interventions as principles upon which to critically analyse past interventions and ensure these powers are used more effectively in future.</p>

scholarly journals For the people, by the minister: Ministerial interventions in subnational, elected bodies and a principled approach to their future application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Laura Hardcastle
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Boards Of Trustees ◽  
District Health ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
The People ◽  
Government District ◽  
Day Services ◽  
Elected Representatives

<p>Although frequently ignored, New Zealand’s democratically-elected, subnational bodies provide many of the day-to-day services we rely upon, from water and sewerage to healthcare and education. However, the broad discretion enjoyed by ministers responsible for local government, District Health Boards, school boards of trustees and tertiary institution councils means elected representatives could easily be removed with little justification. This paper reviews the ministerial intervention regimes for each of these bodies and concludes that a principled approach to their use is needed to protect democratic values and prevent a concentration of power with the ministers. It suggests democracy, subsidiarity, the scale of the problem, the importance/centrality of the function, timing, complexity, transparency, consultation, apolitical decision-making and minimising interventions as principles upon which to critically analyse past interventions and ensure these powers are used more effectively in future.</p>

The Separation of Powers in Local Government in Nigeria

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. A. Ebeku
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Democratic Nation

In a democratic nation, local government is the government of the people, by the people and for the people at the grassroots levels. That is, the government nearest or closest to the people. It is at the level of local government that community action in respect of community development programmes is most effective; it is also the level where democratic processes and decision-making by consensus are traditionally entrenched; where rivalries and tensions are reduced to a minimum; where local resources and patriotism are easily called to the service of the community; and, very importantly, where the people are normally confident of effective control of their own government.

scholarly journals Interoperability of Surveillance Data Collection Tools (District Health Information System 2 and District Vaccine Data Management Tools) in Enugu State, Nigeria, From 2015-2018

Iproceedings ◽  
10.2196/15235 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e15235
Author(s):  
Chikwe Ihekweazu ◽  
Paulinus Ossai ◽  
Robinson Nnaji ◽  
Ugochukwu Osigwe ◽  
Mba Ngozi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
District Health ◽  
Data Capturing ◽  
Enugu State

Background Over the years, Nigeria has used District Vaccine Data Management Tool (DVDMT) for surveillance data collection including routine immunization. In 2012, Nigeria adopted District Health Information Software (DHIS2), a Java driving online real-time tool for data collection. In 2015, Enugu State commenced the use of DHIS2 alongside the traditional DVDMT as surveillance data capturing tools. Objective The objective was to carry out an evaluation of the two surveillance data tools to assess surveillance attributes, interoperability, effect in decision making, and preference of use. Methods We quantitatively and qualitatively assessed surveillance attributes of Enugu State’s DHIS2 and DVDMT from 2015 to 2018 using adapted CDC guidelines (2001). We administered semi-structured questionnaires to all 17 local immunization officers from the 17 local government areas (districts) to assess surveillance attributes. We carried out desk review at all levels, key informants done with 6 purposefully selected stakeholders, and focused group discussion carried out with 6 randomly selected heads of surveillance at local governments areas. We recorded proportions, interoperability, effect in decision making, and preference of use. Results Average completeness of data is 100% in both DHIS2 and DVDMT systems (target 90%). Eligibility is 100% in DHIS2 and 85% in DVDMT (target 80%). Timeliness of reporting is 100% and 80% in DHIS2 and DVDMT, respectively (target 80%). All stakeholders accepted both tools and agreed that they are simple and flexible. In addition to collection of all data recorded by DVDMT, DHIS2 captures vaccine utilization. Data collection and transmission of DVDMT and DHIS2 are carried out by the same surveillance personnel at health facility and local government area levels. Apart from vaccine utilization both tools can complement each other in case of missed data as they record the same thing. All key informants opined that it is double work managing the two tools and also agreed that DHIS2 is better than DVDMT in decision making because it has features for data visualization and real-time reporting. The focused group discussion agreed that both tools are good, although DVDMT is easier to work with as DHIS2 requires computer proficiency of current users alongside hardware management of the Java-enabled phones used in data capture and transmission. However, they also agreed that DHIS2 usage is less time consuming and opined they will prefer to use DHIS2 as the only data capturing tool in Enugu State if proper capacity building is done. Conclusions The DHIS2 and DVDMT surveillance data tools in Enugu State is meeting all its targets based on surveillance attributes, though DHIS2 provides better quality data. There is a good understanding and synergy in operation of the two systems in all levels and intermittently data from both tools can be compared. DHIS2 can enable prompt decision making than DVDMT as data can be assessed and visualized in real time. Surveillance officers prefer the use of DHIS2 as the only surveillance tool in Enugu State, although proficiency is a challenge. We recommended a gradual phase out of DVDMT for data capturing in Enugu State, while capacity building of users for DHIS2 should be addressed.

scholarly journals From Public to Private Accountability in Norwegian Local Government

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402095704
Author(s):  
Hilde Bjørnå ◽  
Jarle Weigård
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
Political Accountability ◽  
Traditional Process ◽  
Elected Representatives

This article discusses the consequences of changing views on accountability in democratic decision-making. Trends in Norway indicate that Norwegians are evaluating local democracy increasingly in terms of service performance and output, rather than in terms of political input from citizens. While traditional process evaluation is associated with governmental hierarchies and how voters can make elected representatives accountable for their policies, performance evaluation has connections with the logic of the market. It represents a shift from collective political control to individual consumer satisfaction, and consequently, from public to private accountability. Some highly prized democratic values, such as vertical political accountability, informed discussions of the totality of interests, and traditional democratic will-formation, could be lost on the way.

scholarly journals Local Government and Traditional Authorities in Concert: Towards a More Productive Relationship

1970 ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Callistus Mahama
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The People ◽  
Traditional Authorities ◽  
Positive Effect

Ghana embarked on decentralisation in 1988 as a way of bringing decision making closer to the people. Since then, there have several reforms with a view to strengthening local governance. This article identifies a major challenge still facing Ghana’s decentralisation: Partnership between local government and traditional authorities. The paper discusses the fuzzy relationship between local governments and traditional authorities as a result of constitutional and legislative ambiguity on their relationship. Traditional Authorities perform important functions in the country, albeit their roles have waned since independence. Yet current legal provisions on local government have not sufficiently clarified their role in local administration. This has led to a murky and competing relationship between traditional authorities and local governments. In localities where mutual relationship exists, it is mainly as a result of the personalities involved and this has had a positive effect on the development of the area. The paper concludes by advocating for measures which among others include a re-enactment of legislation which will define the working relationship between traditional authorities and local government.

scholarly journals Agents of Popular Sovereignty

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Wolkenstein
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Democratic Theory ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
The People ◽  
Hans Kelsen ◽  
Elected Representatives

Popular sovereignty requires that citizens perceive themselves as being able to act and implement decisions, and that they are de facto causally connected to mechanisms of decision making. I argue that the two most common understandings of the exercise of popular sovereignty—which center on direct decision making by the people as a whole and the indirect exercise of democratic agency by elected representatives, respectively—are inadequate in this respect, and go on to suggest a complementary account that stresses the central role of internally democratic and participatory political parties in actualising popular sovereignty, drawing on the democratic theory of Hans Kelsen.

scholarly journals Decentralisation and Health Services Delivery in 4 Districts in Tanzania: How and Why Does the Use of Decision Space Vary Across Districts?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadhani Kigume ◽  
Stephen Maluka
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Health System ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
District Health ◽  
Decision Space ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Health Managers ◽  
Local Government Officials

Background: Decentralisation in the health sector has been promoted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) for many years. Inherently, decentralisation grants decision-making space to local level authorities over different functions such as: finance, human resources, service organization, and governance. However, there is paucity of studies which have assessed the actual use of decision-making space by local government officials within the decentralised health system. The objective of this study was to analyse the exercise of decision space across 4 districts in Tanzania and explore why variations exist amongst them. Methods: The study was guided by the decision space framework and relied on interviews and documentary reviews. Interviews were conducted with the national, regional and district level officials; and data were analysed using thematic approach. Results: Decentralisation has provided moderate decision space on the Community Health Fund (CHF), accounting for supplies of medicine, motivation of health workers, additional management techniques and rewarding the formally established health committees as a more effective means of community participation and management. While some districts innovated within a moderate range of choice, others were unaware of the range of choices they could utilise. Leadership skills of key district health managers and local government officials as well as horizontal relationships at the district and local levels were the key factors that accounted for the variations in the use of the decision space across districts. Conclusion: This study concludes that more horizontal sharing of innovations among districts may contribute to more effective service delivery in the districts that did not have active leadership. Additionally, the innovations applied by the best performing districts should be incorporated in the national guidelines. Furthermore, targeted capacity building activities for the district health managers may improve decision-making abilities and in turn improve health system performance.

scholarly journals PERAN BADAN PENYELENGGARA JAMINAN SOSIAL DALAM PENINGKATAN KEPESERTAAN PENERIMA BANTUAN IURAN DAERAH DI KOTA BLITAR DAN KOTA MALANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Rukmini Rukmini ◽  
Oktarina Oktarina
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Local Government ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Local Health ◽  
District Health ◽  
Government District ◽  
One Year

BPJS is legal body of National Health Insurance providers to achieve Indonesia universal coverage. This study aims at identifying BPJS role to increase the number Recipient of Contribution Subsidy membership. This was observational study with cross sectional design. This study conducted in Blitar and Malang city. The data were collected by in-depth interview to some stakeholders such as: the chief of BPJS, the head of membership division, district health ofice. Meanwhile, focused group discussion were conducted to gathered the opinions of some stakeholders such as: district health ofice, BPJS, local government, district inancial management and asset agency, district planning and development agency, and social ofice. Result was BPJS had issued regulation to support the increased number of National Health Insurance as beneiciaries. Moreover, they implemented advocacy to deal with local government. District health ofice and other sectors in both Blitar and Malang had played role to integrate Local Health Insurance and SPM users to become district beneiciaries in BPJS. The member of beneiciaries in Blitar and Malang was the highest coverage. Nevertheless, the coverage centre beneiciaries were higher than the local one. Actually, there were many obstacles on local beneiciaries’ management but those could be overcome by coordination among BPJS, district health ofice as well as other sectors. BPJS had optimally played role to increase number of National Health Insurance memberships especially for the poor as local beneiciaries by supporting the integration of local health insurance and SPM users. Local beneiciaries membership was supposed to use close membership with one year payment. It means purchasing premium for one year based on the number of members registered in Memorandum of Understanding.  Abstrak BPJS merupakan badan hukum penyelenggara program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional untuk mencapai universal coverage Indonesia. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui peran BPJS dalam peningkatan kepesertaan PBI daerah. Studi kasus dilakukan secara kualitatif, di Kota Blitar dan Kota Malang pada tahun 2015. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam Kepala BPJS, Kepala Bidang kepesertaan BPJS, Dinas Kesehatan dan focus group discussion (FGD) dengan Dinas Kesehatan, BPJS, Pemda, Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah (BPKAD), Bappeda, dan Dinas Sosial. Analisis data secara deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa BPJS telah menerbitkan peraturan untuk mendukung peningkatan kepesertaan JKN sebagai PBI Daerah dan melakukan berbagai proses mulai dari advokasi sampai perjanjian kerjasama dengan Pemerintah Daerah. Dinas Kesehatan dan lintas sektor terkait di Kota Blitar dan Kota Malang telah berperan dalam integrasi Jamkesda dan pengguna SPM menjadi PBI Daerah di BPJS sesuai dengan tugas pokok dan fungsinya. Peserta PBI di Kota Blitar dan Kota Malang merupakan jenis peserta dengan cakupan tertinggi di BPJS, tetapi cakupan PBI Pusat (APBN) lebih tinggi dari PBI Daerah (APBD). Berbagai kendala ditemui dalam pengelolaan PBI Daerah tetapi dapat diselesaikan dengan koordinasi yang baik antara BPJS, Dinas Kesehatan dan Lintas Sektor yang terlibat. BPJS telah berperan penuh dalam meningkatkan kepesertaan JKN khususnya bagi masyarakat miskin sebagai PBI di Daerah, dengan membantu melaksanakan integrasi kepesertaan Jamkesda dan pengguna SPM yang dilaksanakan Dinas Kesehatan. Kepesertaan PBID sebaiknya menggunakan close member ship yang berlaku satu tahun yaitu pembayaran premi selama 1 tahun sesuai dengan jumlah peserta yang terdaftar di perjanjian kerjasama.

To Investigate the Critical Influencing Factors for Decision Making Process of Students Who Want to Study Abroad

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
JueJueMyint Toe ◽  
Ali Abdulbaqi Ameen ◽  
Sui Reng Liana ◽  
Amiya Bhaumik
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
International Level ◽  
Continuing Higher Education ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
The People ◽  
Study Overseas

Myanmar is the developing country and its education system is not yet to international level. Hence, most of the young adults, who like to upgrade their knowledge global wide and to gain international recognized higher educational certificates, choose to study overseas rather than continuing higher education after their high education nowadays, that becomes the trend of young people to study overseas since the competency among the people is getting intense based on the education level in every industry. The purpose of this research is to understand that students’ decision making process of selecting university. The study will be conducted to see clear trend of Myanmar students’ decision making of studying in abroad. This research will cover the context of what is Myanmar students’ perception of abroad, how they consider among other countries and explaining those factors which determine Myanmar students’ choice and how they decide to study abroad.

GERAKAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG LABALUBA DESA KONTUMERE KECAMATAN KABAWO KABUPATEN MUNA TAHUN 1960-1980

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurwan Nurwan ◽  
Ali Hadara ◽  
La Batia
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Movement Process ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

ABSTRAK: Inti pokok masalah dalam penelitian ini meliputi latar belakang gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna, Faktor-faktor yang mendorong gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna, proses gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna dan akibat gerakan sosial masyarakat Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna? Latar belakang gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba yaitu keadaan kampungnya yang hanya terdiri dari beberapa kepala keluarga tiap kampung dan jarak yang jauh masing-masing kampung membuat keadaan masyarakatnya sulit untuk berkomnikasi dan tiap kampung hanya terdiri dari lima sampai dengan tujuh kepala keluarga saja. Kampung ini letaknya paling timur pulau Muna terbentang dari ujung kota Raha sekarang sampai kampung Wakuru yang saat ini. Kondisi ini juga yang menjadi salah satu faktor penyebab kampung ini kurang berkembang baik dibidang ekonomi, sosial politik, pendidikan maupun di bidang kebudayaan. Keadaan ini diperparah lagi dengan sifat dan karakter penduduknya yang masih sangat primitif. Faktor yang mendorong adanya gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna adalah adanya ketidaksesuaian antara keinginan pemerintah setempat dan masyarakat yang mendiami Kampung Labaluba pada waktu itu. Sedangkan proses gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna bermula ketika pemerintah seolah memaksakan kehendaknya kepada rakyat yang menyebabkan rakyat tidak setuju dengan kebijakan tersebut. Akibat yang ditimbulkan dari adanya gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna terbagi dua yaitu akibat positif dan akibat negatif.Kata Kunci: Gerakan Sosial, Factor dan Dampaknya ABSTRACT: The main issues in this study include the background of the social movement of Labaluba Village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo Sub-District, Muna District, Factors that encourage social movements of Labaluba Kampung Sub-village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo Sub-District, Muna District, the social movement process of Labaluba Village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo Sub-District Muna Regency and due to Labaluba community social movements Kontumere Village Kabawo District Muna Regency? The background of the Labaluba Kampung community social movement is that the condition of the village consists of only a few heads of households per village and the distance of each village makes it difficult for the community to communicate and each village only consists of five to seven households. This village is located east of the island of Muna stretching from the edge of the city of Raha now to the current village of Wakuru. This condition is also one of the factors causing the village to be less developed in the economic, social political, educational and cultural fields. This situation is made worse by the very primitive nature and character of the population. The factor that motivated the existence of the social movement of Labaluba Village in Kontumere Village, Kabawo Subdistrict, Muna Regency was the mismatch between the wishes of the local government and the people who inhabited Labaluba Village at that time. While the process of social movements in Labaluba Village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo District, Muna Regency began when the government seemed to impose its will on the people, causing the people to disagree with the policy. The consequences arising from the existence of social movements in Labaluba Village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo District, Muna Regency are divided into two, namely positive and negative effects. Keywords: Social Movements, Factors and their Impacts

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