scholarly journals The Role of Architects in Post Disaster Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jessica Hulme
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Architectural Framework ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many ◽  
Post Disaster

<p>In post-disaster reconstruction in underdeveloped countries, architects all too often create design solutions with little appreciation of the environment in which their solutions are expected to work. The disaster context for reconstruction is complex and irregular. Issues vary from lack of available resources; difficulty in transporting resources, inflation of costs for construction materials, corruption in the allocation of aid money and resources, language barriers, and the complexity of architects needing to meet the local socio-economic and cultural norms of each particular community. These are but a few of the complexities that need to be addressed when working in post-disaster reconstruction.  This paper draws on grounded theory field research and analysis of reconstruction efforts in Samoa after the tsunami in 2009 and category 2 Tropical Cyclone Evan (TC Evan) in 2012,; and category 5 Tropical Cyclone Winston (TC Winston) that devastated Fiji in 2016. This paper measures this research and analysis against literature and research and analysis of other post-disaster reconstruction case studies to come up with design iterations that are viable for the post-disaster context of Nanokonoko village, Viti Levu, Fiji.  This thesis investigates the ways that the architectural process of design can be used so that post-disaster communities have access to adequate, self-sustainable, and affordable housing. It does so by identifying the gaps and potential barriers that are created along the rebuilding work flow, then analyses and recommends an improved process for post-disaster reconstruction in underdeveloped countries for the architect and architecture to follow. By adopting the recommended process of reconstruction, the living situation of communities will significantly improve immediately following the disaster and in the long-term.  This thesis also explores the many other value adding roles that the architectural framework can benefit reconstruction through. By ensuring designs are culturally and socio-economically viable to the rural village of Nanokonoko and engages with the affected community in the early stages of recovery.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Architects in Post Disaster Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jessica Hulme
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Architectural Framework ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many ◽  
Post Disaster

<p>In post-disaster reconstruction in underdeveloped countries, architects all too often create design solutions with little appreciation of the environment in which their solutions are expected to work. The disaster context for reconstruction is complex and irregular. Issues vary from lack of available resources; difficulty in transporting resources, inflation of costs for construction materials, corruption in the allocation of aid money and resources, language barriers, and the complexity of architects needing to meet the local socio-economic and cultural norms of each particular community. These are but a few of the complexities that need to be addressed when working in post-disaster reconstruction.  This paper draws on grounded theory field research and analysis of reconstruction efforts in Samoa after the tsunami in 2009 and category 2 Tropical Cyclone Evan (TC Evan) in 2012,; and category 5 Tropical Cyclone Winston (TC Winston) that devastated Fiji in 2016. This paper measures this research and analysis against literature and research and analysis of other post-disaster reconstruction case studies to come up with design iterations that are viable for the post-disaster context of Nanokonoko village, Viti Levu, Fiji.  This thesis investigates the ways that the architectural process of design can be used so that post-disaster communities have access to adequate, self-sustainable, and affordable housing. It does so by identifying the gaps and potential barriers that are created along the rebuilding work flow, then analyses and recommends an improved process for post-disaster reconstruction in underdeveloped countries for the architect and architecture to follow. By adopting the recommended process of reconstruction, the living situation of communities will significantly improve immediately following the disaster and in the long-term.  This thesis also explores the many other value adding roles that the architectural framework can benefit reconstruction through. By ensuring designs are culturally and socio-economically viable to the rural village of Nanokonoko and engages with the affected community in the early stages of recovery.</p>

Model Pendidikan Karakter Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: Studi Kasus di Smk Muhammadiyah 3 Purbalingga

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 146-155
Author(s):  
Sareh Siswo Setyo Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Education Model ◽  
The Many ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Qualitative Data Collection

The formation of character is needed by adolescents in this era. It is based with the many phenomena of juvenile delinquency. Characters will not be formed away so it needs an effort should be made of teachers in shaping the character of teenagers. In addition, the authors found the variation of the efforts of teachers holistically so that teenagers will easily formed his character in accordance with the purpose of the character education. The problem of this research is how the character education model Vocational High School who applied in the implementation of the formation of character in SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Purbalingga. The purpose of this study is the author would like to know a clear picture of the implementation of character education model in efforts to form children's character in School SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Purbalingga. This paper discusses the character education model be applicable in the planting of character values ​​to students in Vocational High School Muhammadiyah 3 Purbalingga. This type of research is a field research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection methods used include interviews, observation and documentation. As for analyzing the data obtained, the authors do by collecting all the data, reducing the data, presenting data, and verification of data. Results from this study showed that the model of character education is done to instill character values ​​to learners School SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Purbalingga using reflective models. Use of the character models adhering to the principles of character education and values ​​are developed in accordance with the level of development of learners.

scholarly journals From east to west, can feminist legal strategies be transformative? Post-disaster to everyday times of crisis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-268
Author(s):  
Jane Krishnadas
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
The West ◽  
Legal Subject ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Legal Strategies ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Post Disaster

AbstractThis article engages with a key question raised by feminist legal scholars from the east to the west: whether women should or should not engage in rights strategies? Are rights systematically exercised to reproduce patriarchal, dominant sites of justice, or do rights constitute a multiple and relational force which may transform sites of justice? The experience of women’s engagements with law in South Asia has created a diversity of critical legal knowledge and scholarship reflecting the pluralism of both women’s identities and needs based on caste, religion, class and sexuality across an array of legal spaces from the family, community and state. Women in South Asian scholarship have complicated the notion of the homogenous legal subject and the static dominant site of justice. In this article I return to my underpinning field research whilst living and working within an earthquake affected area of Maharashtra, India in the post-crisis rehabilitation period (1993–1998). This research explored how women exercised their rights to reconstruct lives at different tiers of justice: in public policy, private legislation and the non-formal sphere of community relations to deconstruct the concept of rights existing within a static framework of justice. Drawing upon feminist discourse across the east to the west, I have analysed the role of rights in post-disaster sites to understand how women move from victims to survivors, beneficiaries to contributors and objects to agents of change to inform contemporary research on how women in post-domestic violence situations may exercise rights to reconstruct their lives in times of crisis in the UK. Through this analysis I argue that rights may be empowering if one can exercise one’s right to identity as agency, resources as capacity and location as mobility, as a three dimensional strategy to transform the framework in which one is situated. Over the last decade, I have actively applied this transformative methodology to create an alternative relational, intersectional and holistic legal paradigm, to transform sites of justice, in times of every day crisis, through the CLOCK/ All India Access to Justice Strategy.

China’s evolving humanitarian diplomacy: Evidence from China’s disaster-related aid to Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 205789112110192
Author(s):  
Peng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
Effective Channel ◽  
India And China

Engaging in disaster relief and, more recently, post-disaster reconstruction in developing countries with critical geoeconomic and geopolitical interests has become an increasingly regular and institutionalized component of China’s evolving humanitarian diplomacy over the past decade. Drawn upon novel evidence from China’s growing disaster-related humanitarian assistance to Nepal and unprecedented engagement in Nepal’s long-term post-earthquake rebuild since 2015, this article explores the dynamics behind China’s transforming humanitarian diplomacy. The findings of this article suggest that: 1) geopolitical and geoeconomic interests, represented by the Belt-and-Road Initiative, serve as a critical driver for the development of China’s bilateral partnership with other countries in the disaster sector; 2) long-term cooperation with underdeveloped countries like Nepal provides China, both government and non-state actors (NSAs), with an effective channel to engage with the international humanitarian community and to internalize humanitarian norms; 3) although humanitarian missions remain contingent and instrumental in China’s international relations, they are laying the foundations for a specialized humanitarian policy area with more relevant normative assets, more professional actors, and more sophisticated institutions; 4) NSAs, represented by private foundations and civil NGOs, have played active roles in the state-dominant cooperation in disaster management. This article also suggests that intensified geopolitical confrontations, such as military clashes between India and China along their disputed borders over the past year, would lead to a high degree of politicization of humanitarian missions and partnerships counter-conducive to humanitarian goals.

Affordable housing: Cost effective construction materials for economically weaker section

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Arun ◽  
K. Baskar ◽  
B.S. Geethapriya ◽  
M. Jayabarathi ◽  
R. Angayarkkani
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Housing Cost

Pelestarian Terbitan Berkala Koleksi Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia dengan Metode Penjilidan “Malaysia”

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Damaji Ratmono
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
National Library ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Interviews ◽  
To Come ◽  
Insight Into

Preservation of library materials or library collections is an effort made so that library materials can be used by future generations. This paper describes the "Malaysian" binding method used by the Sub Division of Technical Binding Materials of the National Library of Indonesia in preserving the collection of periodicals such as tabloids and newspapers. Apart from that, this paper also describes some of the advantages and disadvantages seen in the use of the "Malaysian" method as well as the early history of using this method in preserving the collection of periodicals in the National Library of Indonesia. This writing aims to make readers, especially library managers, know and gain insight into the "Malaysian" binding method. This writing method is through descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Methods of data collection are carried out through the field research, interviews, and literature study. The results show that the National Library of Indonesia uses this method after studying it from Malaysia in May 1990. From observations it is also known that this method has several advantages, namely the binding result is stronger, the collection is more preserved, the binding can be assembled and has an aesthetic side. Meanwhile, the disadvantages of this binding method are that the process tends to be longer, more expensive, cannot be put on too many shelves because the collection will shift backwards, the pages tend to come off easily if the stitches are not strong enough, and can only be used in binding periodical collections.

THE INFLUENCE OF AGE ON PERFORMANCE AS SHOWN BY EXERCISE TESTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-741
Author(s):  
D. B. Dill
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Business Administration ◽  
Distance Runner ◽  
Indiana University ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many ◽  
Harvard School

THE STUDY of work performance as related to age began in this country when Sid Robinson joined the group at the Fatigue Laboratory of the Harvard School of Business Administration. In the winter of 1936-7, he persuaded five champion milers who were in Boston for indoor meets to run on the Laboratory's treadmill on week-ends. Simultaneously, he was chiefly engaged in studying treadmill performance as related to age. This was the subject of his doctorate thesis published later under the title: "Experimental Studies of Physical Fitness as Related to Age". The 91 subjects ranged in age from boys 6 years of age to one man of 91. There were eight 6-year-olds, 10 between 8 and 13 and 20 between 48 and 76. Robinson's background as an Olympic middle-distance runner and as an assistant track coach at Indiana University gave him skill in dealing with the many diverse problems that confronted him. Often he was faced with sociological-psychological problems more difficult to solve than the physiological problems. Indicative of his success is the fact that the subjects were volunteers—no money was offered as an inducement to come to the laboratory. Also worthy of note is that there was no untoward incident throughout the study. Robinson's plan included respiratory, circulatory and metabolic observations in the basal state and in two grades of exercise. He describes the work experiments as follows: (pp. 251-3, reference 2) "After the above observations were completed, the subject performed two grades of work on a motor-driven treadmill, set at an angle of 8.6% in all experiments. Each subject below 73 years of age first walked at 5.6 km per hour for 15 minutes; this raises the oxygen consumption 7 or 8 times the basal level. After resting 10 minutes, he ran or in some cases, walked, at a rate which exhausted him in 2 to 5 minutes.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA STEGANOGRAFI FIRST OF FILE DAN END OF FILE UNTUK PENYISIPAN TEXT DALAM GAMBAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Shabila Fitri Aulia ◽  
Siti Sauda
Keyword(s):  
Data Security ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Secure Data ◽  
The Media ◽  
Review Study ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many

Technological advances have developed rapidly nowadays. These technological advances are also in line with the development of ways of communicating both orally and in writing. In terms of writing, maintaining aspects of data security and confidentiality is very important. Many technologies can be used to secure data such as cryptography and steganography. This research will use the First of File and End of File Steganography Algorithms to secure data. Steganography is the science of hiding messages or data in the media. The First of File and End of File methods are one of the many methods commonly used in the Steganography Algorithm. Generally, the First of File and End of File methods are not much different. The First of File method inserts a message at the beginning of the file, while End Of File inserts a message at the end of the file. This technology can also be applied again for the years to come. This research produces an overview after a review study of the application of the FOF and EOF steganographic algorithms, the speed of steganography and the differences in the image after steganography in terms of image size and pixel. Kemajuan teknologi sudah sangat berkembang dengan pesat pada era sekarang. Kemajuan teknologi ini juga seiring dengan berkembangnya cara berkomunikasi baik secara lisan maupun tulisan. Dalam hal tulisan, menjaga aspek keamanan dan kerahasiaan data sangatlah penting. Banyak teknologi yang bisa dipakai untuk mengamankan data seperti kriptografi dan steganografi. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan Algoritma Steganografi First Of File dan End Of File untuk mengamankan data. Steganografi merupakan ilmu menyembunyikan pesan atau data ke dalam media. Metode First Of File dan End Of File merupakan salah satu dari banyaknya metode yang biasa digunakan pada Algoritma Steganografi.Umumnya,metodeFirst Of File dan End Of File tidak jauh berbeda. Metode First Of File akan menyisipkan pesan diawal file sedangkan End Of File akan menyisipkan pesan di akhir file. Teknologi ini juga dapat diaplikasikan kembali untuk tahun-tahun kedepannya. Penelitian ini menghasilkan gambaran setalah studi review penerapan algoritma steganografi FOF dan EOF , kecepatan steganografi dan juga perbedaan gambar setelah di steganografi dalam hal ukuran dan pixel gambar.

scholarly journals The graffiti art and the discover of the Keith Haring’s mural in Amsterdam

2020 ◽  
pp. 236-249
Author(s):  
Caterina Soliani
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Street Art ◽  
Art World ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Made In

The purpose of this work is to contribute to the continuous growth of the art world (Street Art in particular) and to discuss how it is essential for the discovery of artists. These artists have been pioneers and forerunners of new pictorial techniques, freeing creative and psychological flair, and combining the latter with the artistic technology that promises great things despite limited materials.  The intention of this article is to consider the elements of artistic expression that are less commonly subject to discussion, such as the world of Street Art. This form of artwork has not always been understood or accepted, with street artists waiting for the opportune moment to express the narrative, experiences, and emotions of society through their artwork, a power that unites sentiment and encourages change.  It is art which affects the community, the population and society. It is designed above all others to become part of the collective memory through violence of image and colour.  This project led me to come into contact with one of the many artistic artefacts of the Street Art movement, the Keith Haring’s mural in Amsterdam, a piece that makes me. understand and appreciate the problems inherent to these type of works, simple, synthetic, but never simplistic.  Therefore, a project, a study and a restoration hypothesis were conducted on one of the many works by Haring. The purpose of this was to shed light once again on the mural made in 1986 by the artist, situated in the Groothandeles Market of Amsterdam. No longer visible for thirty years, the mural was covered by insulation panels placed two years after its creation. With professors Antonio Rava and William Shank, the association Keith Haring Foundation of New York, the Stedelijk Museum of Amsterdam, in collaboration with the gallery Vroom & Varossieau, specialised in road art, on 8 June, the large metal sheet panels were removed and one of the greatest murals by Haring could once again be admired.

scholarly journals Reduction of Embodied Energy and Construction Cost of Affordable Houses through Efficient Architectural Design: A Case Study in Indian Scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Deepak Bansal ◽  
V. K. Minocha ◽  
Arvinder Kaur ◽  
Vaidehi A. Dakwale ◽  
R. V. Ralegaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Individual Unit ◽  
Architectural Planning ◽  
Cost Of Construction

Embodied energy and cost of construction of any building depends upon the consumption of resources, more specifically construction materials. In housing clusters, the spaces provided for horizontal and vertical circulation of occupants such as corridors and contribute in the built-up area of individual unit without any increase in the usable/carpet area. Thus, an efficient architectural planning of common circulation spaces plays a major role in lowering the built-up-to-carpet area ratio of individual housing unit in clusters. This may, thus, result in lesser embodied energy and maximum area availability for occupant usage. In the present study, 30 clusters of Indian affordable housing units (IAHUs) of similar typology and different architectural designs are analyzed. The built-up and carpet area of each IAHU are estimated, and the ratio of the built-up to carpet area is calculated. Detailed estimates of construction materials for each IAHU is prepared, and cost of construction and embodied energy is calculated. The calculations of embodied energy and construction cost are done for major construction materials, viz., cement, steel, bricks, sand, and coarse aggregate and compared with different built-up-to-carpet area ratio. The study of IAHUs concludes that a variation of 1.30 to 1.62 in the built-up area-to-carpet area ratio results in variation in construction cost (INR 13,425.00 to 20,138.00 per m2 carpet area) and embodied energy (4–6.5 GJ per m2 carpet area). Analysis suggests that the IAHU with a lower built-up-to-carpet area ratio exhibits reduction in the cost of construction and embodied energy simultaneously. Thus, an efficient architectural design plays a major role in improving the sustainability of IAHUs and built-up-to-carpet area ratio is an important indicator of sustainability.

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