scholarly journals Hepatorenal Effects of Diclofenac and Ciprofloxacin in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
Elkhatim H. Abdelgadir ◽  
Khalid O. Alzaidi ◽  
Mohamed E. Ramady ◽  
Sayed A. M. Amer
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group A ◽  
High Doses

The toxic effect of diclofenac (DCF) sodium and Ciprofloxacin (CIP) on gene expression of cytochrome P450 oxidase (CYPs) and the histology of liver and kidney of male albino rat has been evaluated in this study. DCF and CIP were chosen since they are inhibitors for specific CYP enzymes. Thirty-five adult male albino rats were divided into 7 groups of 5 animals each (A, B, C, D, E, F and G) and were treated orally with drugs for 21 consecutive days. Group A served as the control while B and C were treated with 5.3, 10.6 mg/kg body weight (bw) DCF sodium and groups D and E were treated with 40 and 80 mg/kg bw CIP, respectively. Groups F and G were treated with a mixture of the low and the high doses of both drugs, respectively. Both drugs significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of CYP1a2, CYP3a4 and CYP2c9. They caused hepatorenal histological changes. In the liver, massive fibrosis, necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration with hemorrhages and hydrophilic degeneration have been observed. A massive tissue injury with glomerular and tubular damages due to sever necrosis, degeneration of concomitant inflammatory cells and blood vessels congestion have been shown in renal tissues. Although DCF and CIP are still used as therapeutic drugs, their use should be limited as their chronic administration induces a toxic effect on human health.

scholarly journals ABHRAK BHASMA AND SIO2 INFLUENCED MOBILITY OF LIPIDS IN LIVER AND KIDNEY OF CCL4 INDUCED ACUTELY INTOXICATED ALBINO RAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 429-434
Author(s):  
Parashuram Teli ◽  
◽  
Aruna Kanase ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Fatty Degeneration ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Lipid Contents ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
High Doses

In our earlier studies on CCl4 induced acute toxicity model (CCl4 3ml/kg body wt). Abhrak bhasma protects fatty degeneration of liver and associated nephrotoxicity in male albino rats. It had shown to function through production and management of free radicals (Teli and Kanase, 2020a, b). To study further the paths of Abhrak Bhasma mediated protection of acute hepatotoxicity and associated nephrotoxicity, liver, kidney and serum lipid contents were studied in present work. It shows no lipid accumulation in liver or kidney of normal rats by Abhrak Bhasma (10, 20, 30 and 40mg doses). But a same dose of silica in pure form (SiO2) is hepato and nephrotoxic in high doses in normal male albino rat. In acutely intoxicated rat also all the doses of Abhrak Bhasma influenced lipid contents of liver, kidney and serum show the protection of liver from fatty degeneration and also associated nephrotoxicity. Doses 30 and 40mg normalized the contents from liver, kidney and serum. The results are discussed to reveals the probable mode of action of Abhrak Bhasma.

scholarly journals ABHRAK BHASMA AND SiO2 INFLUENCED FREE RADICAL STATUS IN LIVER AND KIDNEY OF CCl4-INDUCED ACUTELY INTOXICATED MALE ALBINO RAT

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
PARASHURAM B TELI ◽  
ARUNA A KANASE
Keyword(s):  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Renal Protection ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Concurrent Treatment ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: The objective of the study was to study the mechanism of action of abhrak bhasma-mediated liver and kidney protection in CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity-induced male albino rats. Action of abhrak bhasma is compared with the action of SiO2 in similar experimental conditions to differentiate the role of silicon. Methods: Male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used for experiments. The acute hepatotoxicity was induced by daily dose of CCl4 (3.0 ml/kg body wt for 7 days consecutive). Concurrent treatment of abhrak bhasma in graded doses (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg) was given for 7 days (PO). SiO2 (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg) in graded doses was also given in independent groups of rats as silica control. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver and kidney was studied by malondialdehyde (MDA) estimations as parameter of toxicity and also to study protection. Results: CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity (MDA levels) is partially managed by low doses of SiO2 but not by high doses. Abhrak bhasma hepatoprotective activities were dose dependent. A 40 mg dose maintained normal levels of LPO. Abhrak bhasma also protected associated renal toxicity. Conclusion: Abhrak bhasma protected CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and also associated renal toxicity. Silicon from both SiO2 and abhrak bhasma is hepatoprotective in 10 ml doses (10 and 20 mg) but silicon processed in abhrak bhasma by traditional Ayurvedic processes increased its potency and hepatoprotection and added the potency of renal protection.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Protective Effect of Lepidium sativum against Aluminum-Induced Liver and Kidney Effects in Albino Rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Jameal Balgoon
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Superior Effect ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Induced Changes

Background and Objectives. Environmental pollution with the different Aluminum (Al) containing compounds has been increased. Liver and kidney are two vital organs targeted by Al accumulation. The aim of this study was to assess the possible protective and curative effects of Lepidium sativum Linn (LS) against Al-induced impairment of liver and kidney in albino rat and to explore the mechanism behind this effect. Materials and Methods. This experimental animal-based study included fifty albino rats divided into five groups, the control, LS-treated (20 mg/kg), AlCl3-treated (10 mg/kg), AlCl3 then LS, and AlCl3 plus LS-treated, simultaneously for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, hepatic and renal functions as well as the biomarkers of antioxidants activities were assessed in the serum. Both liver and kidney were dissected out and histopathologically examined. Results. This study showed that administration of AlCl3 caused a significant (p<0.05) reduction in rats body weight. It significantly increased serum AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin, urea, and creatinine levels and decreased total protein and albumin. AlCl3 significantly reduced enzymatic (catalase), nonenzymatic (reduced glutathione), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in the serum. Histopathologically, it induced necrosis and degeneration of hepatocytes, glomeruli, and renal tubules. Administration of LS after or along with AlCl3 significantly restored the serum biomarkers of liver and kidney functions to their near-normal levels and had the ability to overcome Al-induced oxidative stress and preserved, to some extent, the normal hepatic and renal structure. The coadministration of LS had a superior effect in alleviating Al-induced changes. Conclusion. Exposure to AlCl3 induced a set of functional and structural changes in the liver and kidney of rats evident through both biochemical and histopathological assessment. The antioxidant activity of LS seeds mediated a protective and curative effect of LS against such changes. Further study through a rigorous clinical trial to prove LS activity on human is recommended.

Protective effect of febuxostat in sepsis-induced liver and kidney injuries after cecal ligation and puncture with the impact of xanthine oxidase, interleukin 1β, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 906-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
YF Ibrahim ◽  
RR Fadl ◽  
SAE Ibrahim ◽  
MF Gayyed ◽  
AMA Bayoumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cecal Ligation And Puncture ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Impact

Sepsis is one of the most common causes of death among hospitalized patients. Activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), a reactive oxygen species-producing enzyme, is known to be elevated in septic patients. Our aim was to investigate the possible protective role of XO inhibitor, febuxostat (FEB), in a rat model of sepsis-induced liver and kidney injures. Adult male albino rats were divided into four groups ( n = 12 each): sham control, sham + FEB, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and CLP + FEB groups. FEB (10 mg/kg per os (p.o.)) was given once daily for 2 days and 30 min prior to laparotomy with CLP. CLP was associated with a high mortality rate accompanied by significant liver and kidney injuries indicated by elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine levels and confirmed by histopathological tissue injury. Moreover, there was an increase in neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, uric acid, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels and with decreased superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity. In addition, CLP caused increased expression of the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta protein levels, and nuclear factor kappa B immunoexpression. Finally, CLP operated rats exhibited an upregulation in the apoptotic mediators, caspase 3, and P-C-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) proteins. FEB treatment of CLP rats caused a significant improvement and normalization in all measured parameters. Moreover, FEB amerliorates degenerative histopathological changes and improves the overall survival rate. In conclusion, FEB exhibited a protective effect in sepsis-induced liver and kidney injuries most probably through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties and attenuating JNK signaling pathway secondary to its XO enzyme inhibitory activity.

scholarly journals Ethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens leaves ameliorates carbon tetrachloride and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo Ogunmoyole ◽  
Ayomide Micheal Ola-Awe ◽  
Omotola Grace Fatile
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Background Mucuna pruriens (L.) has been used for the treatment of several ailments in folkloric medicine. The present study therefore investigates the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potentials of its leaves extract with a view to providing a potent alternative in the management of liver and kidney diseases. Methodology Forty male albino rats were randomly placed into eight groups comprising five animals each. Animals in group I were administered with the distilled water, while groups II and VI were exposed to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively. Animals in groups III and IV were initially exposed CCl4 and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Similarly, groups VII and VIII animals were exposed to rifampicin and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Animals in group V were treated with 100 mg/kg bw silymarin by oral gavage after an initial exposure to CCl4. Selected biomarkers of liver and kidney damage were determined in the serum and organs homogenate. Liver and kidney slices of experimental animals were also stained for histopathological examination. Results Exposure to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively resulted in marked distortion in lipid profile, inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and a surge in ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and creatine kinase. Treatment with M. pruriens extract reversed all deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Extract of M. pruriens leaves restored deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in the liver and kidney with similar potency to silymarin. Hence, leaf extract of M. pruriens is a potential hepatoprotective and nephroprotective agent that can be exploited in the management of liver and kidney diseases.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Embelin and Curcumin against Diethylnitrosamine / Phenobarbital induced Experimental Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Jagadeesh ◽  
M Sreepriya ◽  
Geetha Bali ◽  
D Manjulakumari
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ldh Activity ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects

The effects of administration of Curcumin and Embelin on the levels of certain trace elements and other elements of clinical significance, during experimental hepatocarcinogenesis induced by Diethylnitrosamine/ Phenobarbital (DENA/PB) was studied in Wistar strain male albino rats. The levels of calcium, potassium and sodium were determined in the serum of control and experimental groups of rats. Additionally, the levels of chromium, copper, magnesium, molybdenum and zinc were also determined in the serum, liver and kidney of these rats. Furthermore, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was also assayed in the serum of these rats. Results revealed both significant and non-significant alterations in the levels of few elements during DENA/PB-induced experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. A statistically significant increase in LDH activity was found in the serum during the cancerous condition. Pre- and co-treatment with Curcumin and Embelin was found to protect the liver against the carcinogenic effects of DENA/PB. This protection was i) due to their ability to prevent changes in the levels of elements studied and ii) by the statistically significant decrease in the activity of LDH  that increased in DENA/PB-treated rats and LDH activity in the rats given only Embelin and Curcumin indicating their non-toxic effect. Our present results demonstrate the ability of Embelin and Curcumin to protect against DENA/PB-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v5i1.5576 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.5(1) 2011 51-56

scholarly journals Amitriptyline Induced Alterations in Liver and Kidney Functions and Structures in Male Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fathy A. M. Atta ◽  
Ehab Tousson ◽  
Noha A. Dabour ◽  
Ahmed A. Massoud ◽  
Ahmed F. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressant ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mental Health Issue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Membrane Pump ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Aims: Depression is a mental health issue that starts most often in early adulthood and it is a common and recurrent disorder causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant that is known to inhibit the presynaptic reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and inhibitor of mitochondrial functions and induces apoptosis in several tissues. This study aims to identify the changes in liver and kidney structure and functions after treatment of male rats with Amitriptyline drugs. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 male albino rats were randomly and equally divided into 2 groups (G1, control group that included animals that did not receive any treatment during the experimental period. G2, Amitriptyline (Tryptizol; El Kahira Pharm And Chem Ind Co) group in which rats were injected intraperitoneally with Amitriptyline (100 mg/kg body weight/daily) for four weeks). Results: The current results revealed that; Amitriptyline treatments significantly (P <0.05) increased the levels of serum ALT, AST, ALP, urea, creatinine, sodium ions, chloride ions and liver  and kidney damages as compared to control. In contrast; a significant (P <0.05) decrease in albumin, and total protein, potassium ions and calcium ions in Amitriptyline group was reported when compared with control group. Conclusion: Amitriptyline has many side effects on rat liver and kidney, it induced liver and kidney toxicity and tissue injury were it metabolized to nortriptyline which inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin almost equally. Amitriptyline inhibits the membrane pump mechanism responsible for uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in adrenergic and serotonergic neurons.

scholarly journals Ethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens ameliorates carbon tetrachloride and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo Ogunmoyole ◽  
Ola-Awe Ayomide Micheal ◽  
Fatile Omotola Grace
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract The present study investigates the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potentials of Mucuna pruriens leaf extract with a view to providing a potent alternative in the management of liver and kidney diseases. Forty male albino rats were randomly placed into eight groups comprising five animals each. Animals in group I were administered with the distilled water, while groups II and VI were exposed to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively. Animals in groups III and IV were initially exposed CCl4 and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Similarly, groups VII and VIII animals were exposed to rifampicin and treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg bw M. pruriens respectively. Animals in group V were treated with 100 mg/kg bw silymarin by oral gavage after an initial exposure to CCl4. Selected biomarkers of liver and kidney damage were determined in the serum and organs homogenate. Liver and kidney slices of experimental animals were also stained for histopathological examination. Exposure to CCl4 and rifampicin respectively resulted in marked distortion in lipid profile, inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and a surge in ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and creatine kinase. Treatment with M. pruriens extract reversed all deranged biochemical and histopathological parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Restoration of both biochemical and histopathological alterations established the fact that M. pruriens is a potent hepatoprotective and nephroprotective plant, thereby giving credence to the potential usefulness of its leaf extract in the management of liver and kidney diseases.

ACUTE EFFECTS OF ETHANOL ON TISSUE ELECTROLYTES IN THE RAT

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kalant ◽  
W. Mons ◽  
M. A. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Residual Blood ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Groups of Wistar albino rats of both sexes received either gavage with low or high doses of water, ethanol in water, or no treatment. Ninety minutes later they were decapitated and exsanguinated, and samples of brain, ventricular myocardium, renal cortex, liver, skeletal muscle, whole blood, and plasma were obtained. These were analyzed for water, chloride, sodium, and potassium. Corrections were made for residual blood in the heart, kidney, and liver samples. On the basis of an assumed extracellular location of chloride, the intracellular content of water and the concentrations of sodium and potassium in the intracellular water (i.e., chloride-free space) were calculated.All treatments produced a fall in the water content of the blood and a rise in potassium, which were taken as evidence of hemoconcentration. The plasma showed a fall in sodium, which was most marked following the high dose of water and was interpreted as a dilution effect; and a fall in potassium after ethanol, which is not yet explained. Most tissues tended to show a rise in calculated intracellular water and sodium and a fall in intracellular potassium after ethanol, especially after the high dose (4 g/kg). These changes, although statistically significant only in liver and kidney, are compatible with data reported elsewhere which show that ethanol inhibits the active transport of cations across cell membranes.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI LAMBUNG TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIBERIKAN VITAMIN C (Asam askorbat) DOSIS TINGGI

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juwita P. S. Baharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Histopathological Features ◽  
Acute Gastritis ◽  
Group A ◽  
Mucosal Lining ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Group B ◽  
Normal Stomach

Abstract: Background: Vitamin C is one of the chemicals which are acidic and therefore is able to irritate the stomach lining if consumed in excessive amount. Objective: To reveal the histopathological features of the stomach of wistar rats supplemented with high doses of vitamin C. Method: Experimental study employing eight wistar rats divided into three groups. Rats in group A were fed with regular pellets for 12 days. Rats in group B were fed with regular pellets and were supplemented with vitamin C at 6 mg/day for 12 days. Rats in group C were fed with regular pellets and were supplemented with vitamin C at 8 mg/day for 12 day. Results: Rats in group A showed normal stomach features. Rats in group B revealed PMN inflammatory cells and hiperemy on the mucosal lining, submucosa, and muscularis mucosae. Moreover, edema on the mucosal lining was also seen in the rats in this group. Similar histopathological features were also demonstrated by the rats in group C. In this group the number of PMNs and hiperemy was greater than that of group B; in addition, cell regeneration was also seen in this group. Conclusion: Supplementation of high doses of vitamin C at 6 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg of body weight per day for 12 days may lead to changes in histopathological features of the stomach of wistar rats. Keywords: acute gastritis, vitamin C.     Abstrak: Latar Belakang: vitamin C merupakan salah satu bahan kimia yang bersifat asam, sehingga apabila dikonsumsi berlebihan dapat mengiritasi lambung. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui gambaran histopatologi lambung tikus wistar yang diberikan  vitamin C dosis tinggi. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental dengan 8 ekor tikus wistar dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok. Kelompok A diberikan pelet biasa selama 12 hari. Kelompok B diberikan pelet biasa dan vitamin C 6 mg/hari selama 12 hari. Kelompok C diberikan pelet biasa dan vitamin C 8 mg/hari selama 12 hari. Hasil: Pada kelompok A didapatkan gambaran lambung yang normal.  Kelompok B terlihat sel-sel radang PMN dan hiperemi pada lapisan  mukosa, sub mukosa dan muskularis, pada kelompok ini juga terlihat edema pada lapisan mukosa. Kelompok C terlihat pada lapisan mukosa, submukosa dan muskularis adanya sel-sel radang PMN dan hiperemi yang lebih banyak dibandingkan kelompok B, selain itu juga terlihat regenerasi sel. Kesimpulan: Pemberian vitamin C dosis tinggi yaitu 6 mg/hari dan 8 mg/hari selama 12 hari dapat mengakibatkan perubahan gambaran histopatologi lambung. Kata Kunci: Gastritis akut, vitamin C.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document