DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATION ON THE USE AND PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN SETTLEMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Guzal Uzakova ◽  

The article provides information on the stages ofdevelopment of legislation on the use and protection of natural resources in settlements during the years of independence. There are also a number of basic theoretical rules for the use and protection of natural resources in settlements. The author substantiates the need to adopt a new version of the Land Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan.The article provides a systematic analysis of the legislation in the field of privatization of land, acceleration of urbanization, the formation of urban agglomerations, the integrated development of the urban population

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 61-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branislav Stojanovic ◽  
Gordana Vojkovic

Significant geographical-demographic changes are characteristic for the region of Serbia in the second half of the 20th century, which were caused by a dynamic primary urbanization process, namely intense migrational trends between village and town. Expansion zones were formed around urban centers with total intense growth (both demographic and economic), which are mainly found in land areas of main development axes, whereby the (Sava) Danube-Morava one is the most significant. The importance of this development axis (not only in the demographic sense) is indicated by the fact that in this region (composed of districts which are located in the corridor zone) 3794.8 thousand people lived in 2002, which represents 50.6% of the population of Central Serbia and Vojvodina. Taking into consideration the territory it consists of, this zone is populated twice as much in average than the region of Serbia (without Kosovo) as a whole. Along with that, out of the five urban areas with more than 100 thousand people (large urban centers), four are located in this zone (Subotica, Novi Sad, Belgrade and Nis) and only Kragujevac is located somewhat on the outskirts in relation to it, but in its immediate proximity. Large town centers in corridor zone X concentrated as much as 41% of the Republic urban population in 2002. At the same time, a network of 32 settlements in the land area of this main development axis of Serbia which belong to the category of small and medium size towns, and which cover about 16% of the republic urban population should be added to this. Consequently this zone, as other concentrated population zones, which are formed around secondary development axes on the territory of Serbia, is identified as a region with significant population potential. For that very reason, there was an attempt in this paper to determine the role and significance of urban agglomerations on main development axes for possible demographic revitalization of Serbia. The significance of urban population arises from its quantitative and especially qualitative (structural) characteristics. This category of population of the Republic realizes significant growth (more than 10%) in the last two inter-census decades (1981-2002) regardless of the effects of demographic and socio-economic transitions and geo-political changes and their mainly negative influences as opposed to the total population of this region which realizes an apparent drop (of 3%). The drop of rural population is even more obvious (by about 16%) so its (future) role in possible demographic revitalization of Serbia is of secondary significance. As early as the seventies, the focus of main demographic processes (natality) shifted from rural to town populations. It is a fact that only the urban population of Serbia (without Kosovo) realized a positive natural growth in the nineties. However, it is interesting that large cities lost their precedence at the end of the twentieth century, namely negative natural growth appeared (Belgrade -1.5?, Novi Sad - 0.3? and Subotica - 5.4?) and in fact only small and medium towns provided natural replacement of its population. They participate with over 60% in total number of live births in urban areas, and having in mind that they are becoming the bearers of population reproduction, they can be viewed as the poles of future demographic revitalization of Serbia.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Alexandra Carleton

Constitutionalism may be gaining ascendancy in many countries in Africa. Yet thorough investigation of the extent to which current constitutions accord to the people their internationally recognised right to governance of their mineral wealth under Article 1(2) of the ICCPR has been lacking. Understanding the existing framework of rights which may support claims to land and natural resources is important. Constitutions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Zambia demonstrate the reality of multiple, overlapping land interests and the limitations upon a people's claim to freely govern their mineral wealth.


We studied the medical and demographic indicators in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the last 20 years (1998–2018). A decrease in the population by 4,7 % (р<0,01) was revealed in the Russian Federation in the period 1998–2008, 3,4 % decrease, followed by its growth by 2,8 % (р<0,01); a decrease in the number of rural population in the republic and an increase in the urban population were observed. By the beginning of 2019, in comparison with the 2003 data, an increase in the population by 1.9% (р<0,01), a decrease in the number of able-bodied people in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) at the beginning of 2019, as compared to 1998, were revealed, by 8,2 %, in the Russian Federation – by 4,7 % (р<0,01). In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) the birth rate remains high, the mortality rate is relatively low, and the natural population growth is maintained.


Author(s):  
Marcelo Augusto Totti ◽  
Vitor Machado

Este texto pretende discorrer sobre o pensamento de Alberto Torres, um dos mais importantes precursores do pensamento sociológico brasileiro, que viveu o momento da implantação da República (1889), dedicando-se a pensar temas relacionados a educação. Por conta da sua biografia política e intelectual, esteve preocupado com problemas que até então a intelectualidade brasileira não se importava em discutir. Tais problemas giravam em torno da defesa do meio ambiente e da necessidade em demonstrar a importância em se educar o homem do campo, para que ele pudesse proteger e resguardar os recursos naturais provenientes da terra. Procuramos demonstrar também que as ideias de Alberto Torres contribuíram de forma significativa para a origem do Ruralismo Pedagógico.Palavras-chave: Alberto Torres. Ruralidade. Ruralismo pedagógico. AbstractThe thought of Alberto Torres and rural education in Brazil: contributions to the emergence of educational ruralismThis paper intends to discuss the thought of Alberto Torres, one of the most important precursors of the Brazilian sociological thought, who lived the moment of the Republic establishment (1889), devoting himself to think about topics related to education. On account of his political and intellectual biography, he was concerned with problems that the Brazilian intellectuality did not care to discuss yet. Suchproblems revolved around the defense of the environment and the need to demonstrate the importance of educating the farmer, so that he could protect and safeguard the earth natural resources. We also demonstrate that the ideas of Alberto Torres contributed significantly to the origin of Educational Ruralism.Keywords: Alberto Torres. Rurality. Educational ruralism. ResumenPensamiento de Alberto Torres y educación rural en Brasil: contribuciones a la aparición de ruralismo educativoEste trabajo tiene como objetivo discutir el pensamiento de Alberto Torres, uno de los precursores más importantes del pensamiento sociológico brasileño, que vivió el momento de la creación de la República (1889) , dedicándose a pensar en temas relacionados con la educación. A causa de su biografía política e intelectual, estaba preocupado con los problemas que hasta ahora la intelectualidad brasileña no le importaba que discutir. Tales problemas voceaban en torno a la defensa del medio ambiente y la necesidad de demostrar la importancia de educar al agricultor, por lo que podrían proteger y preservar los recursos naturales de la tierra. También trató de demostrar que las ideas de Alberto Torres contribuyeron significativamente al origen del Pedagógico ruralismo.Palabras-clave: Alberto Torres. Asuntos rurales. Ruralismo pedagógico. Revisor do inglês: Prof. Ms. Wellington da Silva OliveiraRevisor do espanhol: Prof. Lilian de Souza


2020 ◽  
pp. 47-67
Author(s):  
Alexey S Sysoev

The article analyses the approaches to the definition of ‘circular economy’ and ‘professional in circular economy’ in the Ukrainian and Polish scientific space. It is shown that in Ukraine today there is a linear economic model, according to which enterprises extract natural resources and sell what they produce to consumers who throw away products, if it no longer serves its purpose. As a result of this model, our natural resources are reduced and the amount of waste we generate increases, which leads to environmental instability and environmental degradation. The concept of ‘professional in circular economics’ in the Ukrainian educational and economic field is absent, in contrast to European countries, in particular the Republic of Poland, where the circular economy is considered as a strategy of economic development and much attention is paid to training professionals in circular economics and to improving qualification of those, who are already working. The purpose of the work is to highlight the approaches to understanding the circular economy and the content of the activities of professionals in a circular economy in the Ukrainian and Polish scientific field. Circular economy is characterized as a general name of economic activity aimed at energy saving, regenerative environmentally friendly production and consumption. The role of the circular economy as the most successful way of saving resources and materials, and thus the way to constant economic growth, in contrast to the traditional model of economic development. It is emphasized that the transition to a circular economy will create new jobs in many sectors of the economy. Ukrainian experts, in particular economists, emphasize the importance of the transition to a circular economy (instead of a linear one). Key words: linear economy; professionals’ training in circular economy; circular economy; professional in circular economy.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 134-160
Author(s):  
Alexander Paterson

The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, recognises customary law as an independent and original source of law, subject to the Constitution itself and legislation that specifically deals with customary law. As recognised by the Constitutional Court in Alexkor Ltd vs the Richtersveld Community (2004), customary law, as an independent source of law, may give rise to rights including rights to access and use natural resources. Rights to access and use natural resources are often comprehensively regulated by legislation. Conflicts between customary law and legislation relevant to natural resources may arise, as evidenced in the case of Mr Gongqose, who along with several other community members were caught fishing in the Dwesa-Cwebe Marine Protected Area situated off the Eastern Cape coastline. Notwithstanding their claims to be exercising their customary rights to fish in the area, they were convicted in the Magistrate’s Court for certain offences in terms of the Marine Living Resources Act (1998), under which the marine protected area had been established. Their appeal to the High Court proved unsuccessful and the Supreme Court of Appeal was tasked with considering the relationship between their customary rights to fish and legislation purportedly extinguishing these rights. The SCA’s judgment in Gongqose & Others vs Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries & Others (2018) is the first of its kind in South Africa to consider the extinguishment of customary rights to access and use natural resources through post-constitutional legislation. This note critically considers the guidance the SCA provided on proving the existence of customary rights to access and use natural resources, and the manner in which they may be extinguished through legislation. While the focus is on marine living resources, the lessons emerging from this case are relevant to other natural resource sectors.


2021 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Pavel Alexandrovich Mochalkin ◽  
◽  
Alexander Pavlovich Mochalkin ◽  
Evgeny Georgievich Stepanov ◽  
Lira Amirovna Farvazova ◽  
...  

It was established that 17008 HFRS cases were reported in 53 (out of 54) administrative districts and 12 cities (out of 14) of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2009-2018. The most intense epidemiological situation (a long-term incidence rate of 48,5 per 100 thousand of the population) was observed within the boundaries of the forest-steppe landscape zone, where. more than 86 % of all cases of infection are recorded of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2009-2018. The share of infections among the urban population was 64.0 %, the rural one – 36.0 %. In the long-term aspect, according to the conditions of HFRS acquisition, short-term visits to the forest area prevailed – up to 80 %, in household settings – up to 14 % of all cases of the disease. Seasonal increases in the incidence of HFRS take place in May-June – up to 15 % and in September-December – over 46 % of the annual incidence. The presence of synchronicity in the dynamics of HFRS morbidity in rural and urban populations within the boundaries of the administrative district was detected. It has been substantiated that in order to reduce the level of HFRS morbidity among the rural and urban population, it is necessary to provide for an increase in the volume and frequency of preventive (anti-epidemic) measures in the vicinity of rural settlements, regional centers, urban-type settlements and large cities located near forests, within the boundaries of the entire area of the administrative district.


2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Nyoman M. Jaya ◽  
Ngakan M. Anom Wiryasa ◽  
Ketut Sudarsana Dewa ◽  
Putu D.P. Salain

Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia (PPRI number 50/2011) indicates the declaration of the National Tourism Development Master Plan (RIPParNas) from 2010 to 2025. Eighty-eight (88) of the National Tourism Strategic Areas (KSPN)is spread on thirty four (34) provinces throughout the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. The province of Bali contributes greatest foreign exchange for Indonesia through the tourism sector. Eleventh (11th) of KSPN-Bali are reflecting a priority-program of Indonesian Government through equal development of Tourism Strategic Areas. Development for Bali still indicates gap between a remote regency and central city. The moratorium on rapid development of tourism facility in South Bali indicates quite difference with slower development of East and North Bali. Thus, efforts to increase the distribution of development require investigation and identification through mapping the potential of Natural Resources and Cultivation, especially, the area of tourism in South Bali (Denpasar/Badung) compared to East (Karangasem) and North (Buleleng). Literature review, field observation, and semi-structured interview data were analysed by combination of qualitative-verification methods and cognitive-mapping solutions. The result of case study was representing mapping the potentials for natural resources and cultivation that was identified in Sanur (Denpasar), Tulamben-Amed (Karangasem), and Bali-Utara (Buleleng). Therefore, unequal development between each tourism strategic areas would reduce, and in turn, prosperity of social communities would be improving for Bali.


Nephrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3_2020 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
O.N. Sharapov Sharapov ◽  
B.T. Daminov Daminov ◽  
S.V. Yarygina Yarygina ◽  
V.A. Dyagilev Dyagilev ◽  
◽  
...  

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