scholarly journals Community Communication Approaches in Addressing Socio-Economic Dislocation from Cult-Related Violence in Ikorodu Environs, Lagos

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
City Governance ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study examines the communication approaches employed in Ikorodu communities to address the issues of insecurity which residents have faced as a result of the cult-related violence in the area. The results aim to show how policy initiatives and media debates give much attention mainly to improving city governance, with an emphasis on protecting urban population and stimulating both social security and security of lives and property. This result shows that this is not sufficient in turning the tide due to the current policy interventions taken, the top-bottom approach to city governance – an approach that fights the symptoms – neglecting the bottom-top approach where urban communities initiate the processes of responding to the various underlying causes of the challenges. The study deployed triangulation, engaging both qualitative and quantitative methodology. It utilised the survey design to elicit information from selected samples within the larger population and also engaged focus group discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews (IDI). The survey design was adopted because the study is tailored for acquiring data from a large population, using the standardized questionnaire. The interviews and FGDs focused on the challenges of crime and cult-related violence in Ikorodu and the ways these interactions have stimulated economic shocks and the communication approaches deployed to address them. Data from the FGD and interviews were analysed qualitatively utilising the thematic approach. Findings revealed that most cases of insecurity in Ikorodu are cult inspired. This is reinforced by inadequate security structure which has significantly shaped cult-related violence in the area. Findings also show that cult groups proliferate following growing immiseration and quest for power. Cult-groups appear to provide succour. Findings also show that community response is crucial in addressing questions of criminality in Ikorodu.

scholarly journals Reducing missed opportunities for vaccination in Mozambique: findings from a cross-sectional assessment conducted in 2017

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e047297
Author(s):  
Bvudzai Priscilla Magadzire ◽  
Gabriel Joao ◽  
Ruth Bechtel ◽  
Graça Matsinhe ◽  
Laura Nic Lochlainn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Immunisation Programme ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Preventative Services

ObjectiveMissed opportunities for vaccination (MOV) are a significant contributor to low vaccination coverage. To better understand the magnitude and underlying causes of MOV among children aged 0–23 months in Mozambique, we conducted an assessment and developed a roadmap for strengthening the country’s childhood immunisation programme.SettingThree provinces in North, South and Central Mozambique.MethodsThe assessment applied a mixed-method approach. From a sample of 41 health facilities, we conducted exit interviews with caregivers of children aged 0–23 months (n=546), surveys with health workers (n=223), focus group discussions with caregivers (n=6) and health workers (n=5), and in-depth interviews with health facility managers (n=9). We analysed the data to assess the magnitude of MOV and to identify causes of MOV and ways of preventing them.ResultsVaccination records were available for 538 children. Sixty per cent (n=324) were eligible for vaccination on arriving for their health facility visit. Of these, 76% (n=245) were not fully vaccinated, constituting MOV. Our analysis shows that these MOV were most frequently attributable to practices of caregivers and health workers and also to health systems reasons. Inadequate information about vaccination among both caregivers and health workers, poor or poorly understood health facility practices, inadequate integration of curative and preventative services, inadequate tracking systems to identify children due for vaccination and, less often, limited supply of vaccines, syringes and other related supplies at service points resulted in MOV.ConclusionsThe results of the assessment informed the development of roadmaps for reducing MOV that may be applicable to other settings. The global immunisation community should continue to invest in efforts to reduce MOV and thereby make health service visits more effective and efficient for vaccination.

scholarly journals Bridging Academic Entrepreneurship and the World of Work? Perspectives from Contemporary Educator

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
Teck Choon Teo
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Group Spin ◽  
Academic Entrepreneurs ◽  
The World ◽  
Context Data ◽  
Technology Market ◽  
The University ◽  
Depth Interviews

This contribution of this study investigates how the use of the AE toolkit can take the lead to a greater appreciation of the university spin-off venture into the real world of work. Nevertheless, no conceptual framework can explain how the technology-market matching proceeds from one stage to another. A longitudinal survey design involving four focus groups was chosen to monitor the development process of group spin-off creation in context. Data collection is also derived from the literature review, in-depth interviews, and a series of workshops and focus group discussions on the Malaysian and Cambodian higher education sectors. Finding shows that the AE toolkit is organized around four mutually dependent themes: (1) the structure of an enterprising university and its culture, (2) university spin-offs (USOs) and applied research, (3) the attribute of academic entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial ecosystem, and (4) spin-off development and community engagements. These theories may offer a more comprehensive insight into the AE process in conjunction with each other. The beliefs of each notion hint at significant consequences for further research on AE and the world of work as a general rule.

scholarly journals Bridging Academic Entrepreneurship and the World of Work? Perspectives from Contemporary Educator

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
Teck Choon Teo
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Group Spin ◽  
Academic Entrepreneurs ◽  
The World ◽  
Context Data ◽  
Technology Market ◽  
The University ◽  
Depth Interviews

This contribution of this study investigates how the use of the AE toolkit can take the lead to a greater appreciation of the university spin-off venture into the real world of work. Nevertheless, no conceptual framework can explain how the technology-market matching proceeds from one stage to another. A longitudinal survey design involving four focus groups was chosen to monitor the development process of group spin-off creation in context. Data collection is also derived from the literature review, in-depth interviews, and a series of workshops and focus group discussions on the Malaysian and Cambodian higher education sectors. Finding shows that the AE toolkit is organized around four mutually dependent themes: (1) the structure of an enterprising university and its culture, (2) university spin-offs (USOs) and applied research, (3) the attribute of academic entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial ecosystem, and (4) spin-off development and community engagements. These theories may offer a more comprehensive insight into the AE process in conjunction with each other. The beliefs of each notion hint at significant consequences for further research on AE and the world of work as a general rule.

Nomadic Migration and Rural Violence in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-95
Author(s):  
Nsemba Edward Lenshie ◽  
Patience Kondu Jacob
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Security Governance ◽  
North East ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

The relationship between Fulani herdsmen and farmers has in recent years become hot-tempered motivated by competitive control of land resources, particularly in central and north-east Nigeria. In Taraba State, the ongoing nomadic migration pattern from the Sahel in quest of pastures has led to violent confrontation between Fulani herdsmen and farming indigenous natives. Using a descriptive approach consisting of documented evidence, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions, the analysis revealed that conflicts between Fulani herdsmen and indigenous native farmers have culminated in population displacement and destruction of life and property in numerous rural enclaves in Taraba State. Despite the consequences of the conflicts, the Taraba State government was unable to act proactively because of the centralization of command over Nigerian security agencies. Accordingly, the study suggests decentralization of security agencies in Nigeria, especially the police, as the way forward for effective security governance in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Nairobi Early Childcare in Slums (NECS) Study Protocol: a mixed-methods exploration of paid early childcare in Mukuru slum, Nairobi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000822
Author(s):  
Robert C Hughes ◽  
Patricia Kitsao-Wekulo ◽  
Sunil Bhopal ◽  
Elizabeth W Kimani-Murage ◽  
Zelee Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Early Childcare ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Childcare Providers

IntroductionThe early years are critical. Early nurturing care can lay the foundation for human capital accumulation with lifelong benefits. Conversely, early adversity undermines brain development, learning and future earning.Slums are among the most challenging places to spend those early years and are difficult places to care for a child. Shifting family and work structures mean that paid, largely informal, childcare seems to be becoming the ‘new normal’ for many preschool children growing up in rapidly urbanising Africa. However, little is known about the quality of this childcare.AimsTo build a rigorous understanding what childcare strategies are used and why in a typical Nairobi slum, with a particular focus on provision and quality of paid childcare. Through this, to inform evaluation of quality and design and implementation of interventions with the potential to reach some of the most vulnerable children at the most critical time in the life course.Methods and analysisMixed methods will be employed. Qualitative research (in-depth interviews and focus group discussions) with parents/carers will explore need for and decision-making about childcare. A household survey (of 480 households) will estimate the use of different childcare strategies by parents/carers and associated parent/carer characteristics. Subsequently, childcare providers will be mapped and surveyed to document and assess quality of current paid childcare. Semistructured observations will augment self-reported quality with observable characteristics/practices. Finally, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with childcare providers will explore their behaviours and motivations. Qualitative data will be analysed through thematic analysis and triangulation across methods. Quantitative and spatial data will be analysed through epidemiological methods (random effects regression modelling and spatial statistics).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted in the UK and Kenya. Findings will be disseminated through journal publications, community and government stakeholder workshops, policy briefs and social media content.

scholarly journals Political Vigilante Groups in Ghana: Violence or Democracy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-338
Author(s):  
Justice Richard Kwabena Owusu Kyei ◽  
Lidewyde H. Berckmoes
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Organisational Structures ◽  
Depth Interviews

Literature on political vigilante groups has centred on the violence and conflict that emanate from their activities. This article approaches political vigilante groups as political actors who engage in political mobilisation and participation and therewith also contribute to nation state building. It explores how such groups participate in Ghana’s democratic governance and asks whether violence is an inevitable characteristic. The article builds on individual in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with political vigilante group members in Kumasi and Tamale in 2019. Findings show that political vigilante “youth” appeared to refer primarily to the social position attributed to non-elite groups in the political field. Political vigilante groups are multi-faceted in their organisational structures, membership, and activities both during electoral campaigns and during governing periods. While some groups revert to violence occasionally, the study concludes that political vigilante groups, in enabling different voices to be heard, are also contributing to democratic governance.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) Implementation in Depok City, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110123
Author(s):  
Tiara Amelia ◽  
Hadi Pratomo ◽  
Asri C. Adisasmita ◽  
Evi Martha ◽  
Yeni Rustina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Kangaroo Mother Care ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Premature Births ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
City District ◽  
Supporting Material ◽  
Family Readiness ◽  
The City ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: The infant and neonatal mortality rate in Depok City is still high, with low birth weight (LBW) and premature births being one of the main causes. In 2018, 14 out of 41 cases of early neonatal death were due to LBW. Studies show that Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) can prevent or reduce LBW deaths caused by hypothermia, but the implementation is still not evenly distributed. Objective: Describe KMC feasibility as a supporting material for a KMC policy umbrella at Depok City. Method: Qualitative research was conducted with a Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP) design. A total of 56 informants were divided into 8 discussion groups, 7 in-depth interviews and 2 Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The types of informants were families and inter-sectoral officers. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: KMC implementation feasibility in Depok City in terms of facilities and infrastructure was still limited and the quality was insufficient. The number of human resources was still limited, and the competency was still not evenly distributed. LBW family readiness can be maintained if provided with complete and accurate knowledge; therefore, a strong commitment may develop to continue KMC at home. The potential sources of KMC financing are found at health facilities and inter-sectoral; however, to use it, a legal umbrella at the city district level is necessary. Conclusions: The factors of potential financing sources need to be followed up into a priority. This is to overcome the constraints of KMC feasibility implementation.

Sexual and Reproductive Health Information and Experiences Among Syrian Refugee Adolescent Girls in Lebanon

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 983-998
Author(s):  
L’Emira Lama El Ayoubi ◽  
Sawsan Abdulrahim ◽  
Maia Sieverding
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Syrian Refugee ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Source Of Information

Providing adolescent girls with sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information protects them from risks and improves their well-being. This qualitative study, conducted in Lebanon, examined Syrian refugee adolescent girls’ access to SRH information about and experiences with puberty and menarche, sex, marriage, contraception, and pregnancy. We gathered data through three focus group discussions (FGDs) with unmarried adolescent girls, 11 in-depth interviews with early-married adolescents, and two FGDs with mothers. Our findings highlighted that adolescent participants received inadequate SRH information shortly before or at the time of menarche and sexual initiation, resulting in experiences characterized by anxiety and fear. They also revealed discordance between girls’ views of mothers as a preferred source of information and mothers’ reluctance to communicate with their daughters about SRH. We advance that mothers are important entry points for future interventions in this refugee population and offer recommendations aimed to improve adolescent girls’ SRH and rights.

scholarly journals Characterising Local Knowledge across the Flood Risk Management Cycle: A Case Study of Southern Malawi

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Šakić Trogrlić ◽  
Grant Wright ◽  
Melanie Duncan ◽  
Marc van den Homberg ◽  
Adebayo Adeloye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Complex Knowledge

People possess a creative set of strategies based on their local knowledge (LK) that allow them to stay in flood-prone areas. Stakeholders involved with local level flood risk management (FRM) often overlook and underutilise this LK. There is thus an increasing need for its identification, documentation and assessment. Based on qualitative research, this paper critically explores the notion of LK in Malawi. Data was collected through 15 focus group discussions, 36 interviews and field observation, and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings indicate that local communities have a complex knowledge system that cuts across different stages of the FRM cycle and forms a component of community resilience. LK is not homogenous within a community, and is highly dependent on the social and political contexts. Access to LK is not equally available to everyone, conditioned by the access to resources and underlying causes of vulnerability that are outside communities’ influence. There are also limits to LK; it is impacted by exogenous processes (e.g., environmental degradation, climate change) that are changing the nature of flooding at local levels, rendering LK, which is based on historical observations, less relevant. It is dynamic and informally triangulated with scientific knowledge brought about by development partners. This paper offers valuable insights for FRM stakeholders as to how to consider LK in their approaches.

scholarly journals A qualitative study to identify critical attributes and attribute-levels for a discrete choice experiment on oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery among young people in Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janan J. Dietrich ◽  
Millicent Atujuna ◽  
Gugulethu Tshabalala ◽  
Stefanie Hornschuh ◽  
Mamakiri Mulaudzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Young People ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Dosing Regimen ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Study Team ◽  
Attribute Levels ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Oral Prep

Abstract Background The uptake and adherence of daily oral PrEP has been poor in high-risk populations in South Africa including young people. We used qualitative research methods to explore user preferences for daily and on-demand oral PrEP use among young South Africans, and to inform the identification of critical attributes and attribute-levels for quantitative analysis of user preferences, i.e. a discrete choice experiment (DCE). Methods Data were collected between September and November 2018 from eight group discussions and 20 in-depth interviews with young people 13 to 24 years in Cape Town and Johannesburg. Using a convenience sampling strategy, participants were stratified by sex and age. Interviewers used a semi-structured interview guide to discuss several attributes (dosing regimen, location, costs, side effects, and protection period) for PrEP access and use. Group discussions and in-depth interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated to English. We used framework analysis to explore context-specific attributes and attribute-levels for delivering oral PrEP in South Africa. The adolescent community advisory board, expert and study team opinions were consulted for the final DCE attributes and levels. Results We enrolled 74 participants who were 51% (n = 38/74) male, had a median age of 18.5 [Interquartile range = 16–21.25] years, 91% (n = 67/74) identified as heterosexual and 49% (n = 36/74) had not completed 12th grade education. Using the qualitative data, we identified five candidate attributes including (1) dosing regimen, (2) location to get PrEP, (3) cost, (4) route of administration and (5) frequency. After discussions with experts and the study team, we revised the DCE to include the following five attributes and levels: dosing regime: daily, and on-demand PrEP; location: private pharmacy, public clinic, mobile clinic, ATM); cost: free-of-charge, R50 (~2GBP), R265 (~12GBP); side effects: nausea, headache, rash; and duration of protection: fulltime protection versus when PrEP is used). Conclusions There is limited literature on qualitative research methods describing the step-by-step process of developing a DCE for PrEP in adolescents, especially in resource-constrained countries. We provide the process followed for the DCE technique to understand user preferences for daily and on-demand oral PrEP among young people in South Africa.

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