THE DEVELOPMENT OF BISCHOFITE ANTI-SCAR GEL COMPOSITION

2021 ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Mayorova A.V. ◽  
Sysuev B.B.
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Maximum Degree ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Pharmaceutical Substance ◽  
Model Sample ◽  
Gel Composition ◽  
Consistency Properties ◽  
Osmotic Activity

The development of an external gel containing purified bischofite will allow the scars treatment in the stage of prevention and formation due to the effect on various links of pathological wound healing. This study’s aim was the development of a gel with bischofite for the scars prevention and treatment. Bischofite brine from the purified Volgograd deposit was selected as the active pharmaceutical substance. Polymer gelling agents: methylcellulose-100, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, aerosil, Tizol®. The QTPP requirements for developed bischofite gel are aimed at effective wound healing and prevention of pathological scarring, which corresponds to the ointments used at the III stage of the wound process. Comprehensive technological studies of model samples of gels with bischofite were carried out: determination of external signs and the application to the skin, smearing, thermal stability and pH, study of osmotic activity and release of bischofite (in terms of magnesium ions). The maximum amount (8 points) was observed in the composition using the Tizol® gel-forming agent, the model sample based on it provided the maximum degree of release, minimal osmotic activity, and good smearing. In addition, Tizol® possesses anti-inflammatory activity. The optimal concentration of the aqueous phase is justified by the assessment of the consistency properties, the spreadability and rheological properties. Thus, as a result the composition of the bischofite gel was developed using Tizol® as a base, containing glycerin as a plasticizer and a moisture agent, the preservative sodium benzoate and purified water.

USING MALIC ACID SOLUTIONS FOR THE HYDRATION OF VEGETABLE OILS AND LECITHIN PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.А. МАРЧЕНКО ◽  
Т.Н. БОКОВИКОВА ◽  
Е.В. ЛИСОВАЯ ◽  
С.А. ИЛЬИНОВА ◽  
Е.П. ВИКТОРОВА
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium Ions

Исследована возможность применения яблочной кислоты (ЯК) в качестве гидратирующего агента для перевода негидратируемых форм фосфолипидов в гидратируемые. Выбор ЯК обусловлен ее стоимостью, которая в 1,5 раза меньше стоимости янтарной кислоты, широко применяемой в качестве гидратирующего агента, а также большей доступностью с точки зрения промышленного производства. Исследование процесса комплексообразования и определение состава комплексных соединений ЯК с ионами кальция и магния осуществляли методом потенциометрического титрования. Установлено, что внесение в раствор ЯК ионов кальция и магния приводит к снижению значений рН, что свидетельствует о наличии комплексообразования в указанных системах. Наиболее устойчивыми являются комплексы ионов кальция и магния с непротонированным лигандом при соотношении Ме2 : лиганд 1 : 1. В процессе комплексообразования ионы Ca2 и Mg2 вытесняют протоны только карбоксильных групп ЯК, которая с ионами кальция образует более устойчивые комплексы, чем с ионами магния. Показано, что устойчивость комплексов ЯК с ионами кальция и магния значительно выше, чем устойчивость комплексов фосфатидилсеринов и фосфатидных кислот с указанными ионами. Использование водных растворов ЯК в качестве гидратирующего агента позволит повысить эффективность процесса гидратации и увеличить выход фосфолипидов и, следовательно, готового продукта лецитина. The possibility of using malic acid (MA) as a hydrating agent for converting non-hydrated forms of phospholipids into hydrated ones has been investigated. The choice of MA is due to its cost, which is 1,5 times less than the cost of succinic acid, as well as greater availability from the point of view of industrial production. The study of the complexation process and determination of the composition of complex compounds of MA with calcium and magnesium ions was carried out by the method of potentiometric titration. It was found that the introduction of calcium and magnesium ions into the MA solution leads to a decrease in pH values, which indicates the presence of complexation in these systems. Complexes of calcium and magnesium ions with an unprotected ligand at a ratio of ME2 : ligand 1 : 1 are the most stable. In the process of complexing, Ca2 and Mg2 ions displace protons only of the carboxyl groups of MA, which forms more stable complexes with calcium ions than with magnesium ions. It is shown that the stability of MA complexes with calcium and magnesium ions is significantly higher than the stability of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid complexes with these ions. Using water solutions of MA as a hydrating agent will increase the efficiency of the hydration process and increase the yield of phospholipids and, consequently, the finished product lecithin.

Determination of the wound-healing activity of a gel cream containing a synthetic selenoxanthene derivative

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Daniil Vladimirovich Zayats ◽  
Olga Vladimirovna Buyuklinskaya ◽  
Kenes Tagaevich Erimbetov ◽  
Olga Vladimirovna Khoreva ◽  
Nicolay Sergeevich Felenko
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wound Healing Activity

STUDIES CONCERNING THE DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM IONS IN THE DUMBRAVITA AREA DRINKING WATER (FOUNTAIN WATER)

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Aurica Pop ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Precise Analysis ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium Ions

The paper showcases research conducted with the purpose of determining the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in the drinking water (fountain water) of a common household located in Dumbravita, Maramures County, Romania. The photometric method was used for this goal, as well as a Calcium and Magnesium Photometer. This study argues about implementing cost efficient techniques and precise analysis in order to determine Ca and Mg ions in the water samples.

Evaluation of the latest GOCE GGMs in support of regional geoid modeling over Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios S. Vergos ◽  
Ilias N. Tziavos ◽  
Dimitrios A. Natsiopoulos ◽  
Elisavet G. Mamagiannou ◽  
Eleftherios A. Pitenis
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Degree ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Satellite Gravity ◽  
Disturbing Potential ◽  
Geopotential Models ◽  
Potential Functionals ◽  
Geoid Computation ◽  
Goce Satellite

<p>In the frame of the GeoGravGOCE project, funded by the Hellenic Foundation for Research Innovation, GOCE Satellite Gravity Gradiometry (SGG) data are to be used for regional geoid and gravity field refinement as well as for potential determination in the frame of the International Height Reference Frame (IHRF). An inherent step in the geoid computation with either stochastic or spectral methods is the reduction of the related disturbing potential functionals within the well-known Remove-Compute-Restore (RCR) procedure. In this work we evaluate the latest, Release 6 (R6), satellite only and combined Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) which rely solely on GOCE and on land gravity data. The evaluation is performed over the established network of 1542 GPS/Levelling benchmarks over Greece mainland (BMs), which have been used in the past for the evaluation of GOCE GGMs. We employ the spectral enhancement approach, during which the GOCE-based GGMs are evaluated every one degree to the maximum degree of expansion coupled by EGM2008 and high-frequency RTM effects. This synthesis resolves wavelengths corresponding to maximum degree 216,000, hence the omission error is at the few mm-level. TIM-R6, DIR-R6, GOCO06s and XGM2019e are evaluated using EGM2008 residuals to the GPS/Levelling as the ground truth. From the results achieved, the optimal combination degree of a GOCE-only GGM augmented with EGM2008 is selected to be used in the sequel as reference field for the practical determination of the gravimetric geoid over Greece.</p>

L-Fuzzy Concept Analysis as a Decision-Making Tool in the Development of Bio-Based Materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itsaso Leceta ◽  
Cristina Alcalde ◽  
Marta Urdanpilleta ◽  
Pedro Guerrero ◽  
Koro de la Caba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Fuzzy Concept ◽  
Fatty Food ◽  
Decision Making Tool

Abstract The use of L-fuzzy concept analysis for the determination of the formulations of gelatin-based films that fulfillspecifc functional properties is reported. The requirements of water contact angle (CA), water vapourtransmission rate (WVTR), L* and b* colour values, tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EB) and glossvalues were specified for both fatty food packaging and wound healing applications. Once the requiredformulations were estimated by L-fuzzy concepts, the experimental results showed a high accordance with thepredicted values of the nal properties, as well as with the requirements. The errors were lower than 20% in allcases, except in colour (for food packaging) and gloss and elongation at break (for wound healing), in whichthe nal properties were even better that the estimations. This analysis allowed nding the requiredformulations in a highly cost-effective way.

Determination of 2-Chloroethanol in Honey, Beeswax, and Pollen

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-662
Author(s):  
Gary W Bruns ◽  
Robert A Currie
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Ethylene Chlorohydrin ◽  
Liquid Chromatograph ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Specific Detector

Abstract Procedures were developed and tested for the determination of residues of 2-chloroethanol (ethylene chlorohydrin, ECH) in honey, beeswax, and pollen. Recoveries of ECH from fortified samples averaged 91,87, and 89%, respectively, for each substrate. The maximum amount of ECH found in substrate fumigated with ethylene oxide was 36 μg/g in honey, 124 μg/g in beeswax, and 132 μg/g in pollen. A tendency was noted for darker waxes, which contain larger amounts of naturally occurring chlorides than light-colored waxes, to contain the greater amounts of ECH. A gas-liquid chromatograph equipped with a Dohrmann halogen-specific detector was used for identification and quantitation.

Automatic Method for the Determination of Calcium in the Presence of Magnesium and Phosphate Ions

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 418-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preston Smith ◽  
Caroline H Kurtzman ◽  
Mary E Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Automatic Method ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Phosphate Ions ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Manual Analysis ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Indicator Dyes ◽  
Indicator Dye

Abstract A direct spectrophotometric method for manual analysis of calcium using the indicator dye Eriochrome Blue S. E. was selected for automation. Most indicator dyes used have been somewhat unstable in solutions sufficiently alkaline to minimize the interference of magnesium. Eriochrome Blue S. E., when kept in an ice bath in the absence of light, permitted the use of sufficient alkali to remove interfering magnesium ions. Magnesium did not interfere in concentrations up to 12 mg./100 ml. when added to standards. The addition of 0.5% (w/v) citric acid removed interference of phosphate in concentrations up to 300 mg./100 ml. The automated method has the advantage of speed, yet retains the accuracy and precision of the conventional methods used for determining calcium.

scholarly journals Efficient Method for the Concentration Determination of Fmoc Groups Incorporated in the Core-Shell Materials by Fmoc–Glycine

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3983
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Szczepańska ◽  
Beata Grobelna ◽  
Jacek Ryl ◽  
Amanda Kulpa ◽  
Tadeusz Ossowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
The Core ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Model Sample ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Fmoc Group ◽  
Synthesis Procedure

In this paper, we described the synthesis procedure of TiO2@SiO2 core-shell modified with 3-(aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS). The chemical attachment of Fmoc–glycine (Fmoc–Gly–OH) at the surface of the core-shell structure was performed to determine the amount of active amino groups on the basis of the amount of Fmoc group calculation. We characterized nanostructures using various methods: transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to confirm the modification effectiveness. The ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) measurement was adopted for the quantitative determination of amino groups present on the TiO2@SiO2 core-shell surface by determination of Fmoc substitution. The nanomaterials were functionalized by Fmoc–Gly–OH and then the fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group was cleaved using 20% (v/v) solution of piperidine in DMF. This reaction led to the formation of a dibenzofulvene–piperidine adduct enabling the estimation of free Fmoc groups by measurement the maximum absorption at 289 and 301 nm using UV-vis spectroscopy. The calculations of Fmoc loading on core-shell materials was performed using different molar absorption coefficient: 5800 and 6089 dm3 × mol−1 × cm−1 for λ = 289 nm and both 7800 and 8021 dm3 × mol−1 × cm−1 for λ = 301 nm. The obtained results indicate that amount of Fmoc groups present on TiO2@SiO2–(CH2)3–NH2 was calculated at 6 to 9 µmol/g. Furthermore, all measurements were compared with Fmoc–Gly–OH used as the model sample.

The determination of the size distribution of soil clods and crumbs

1940 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Russell ◽  
R. V. Tamhane
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Personal Factor ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training

1. It is possible to determine the size distribution of clods in the field by simple sieving of the soil without any pre-treatment provided the soil is not too wet. There is a personal factor involved in the sieving, but with care and training this will not affect comparisons of results obtained by that person. If the soil is too wet the individual clods smaller than 3 mm. stick together on the 3 mm. sieve. This sticking together is first apparent on the 3 mm. sieve but may become appreciable on the ¼ in. (6 mm.) sieve. No certain way was found for overcoming this difficulty.2. There appears to be no best method for determining the size distribution of the soil crumbs, i.e. of the water-stable aggregates in the soil. The method and the technique must be chosen so as to give the maximum amount of useful information. If an appreciable proportion of the crumbs are larger than ½ mm., a water-sieving method is practically essential.3. The method of wetting to be used can only be chosen from a consideration of what information is wanted. If possible it would be desirable for general purposes to use a very slow or a vacuum wetting technique and a very rapid wetting technique such as wetting the soil by immersion in water.4. The decision whether air-dry or field-moist soil should be used depends entirely on the information needed. For general purposes the use of air-dry soil is recommended.

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