scholarly journals Dynamics of Bilateral Cooperation between Russia and Bulgaria at the Present stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
M. E. Rodionova
Keyword(s):  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
International System ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Positive Vector ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Heads Of State

The purpose of this article is to examine Bulgarian-Russian relations. The author provided a detailed analysis of some economic areas of bilateral cooperation, taking into account transformations in the international system, European sanctions, and scientific prerequisites for further development. The material presents a brief analysis of the course of the recent mutual meetings of the heads of state, as well as their representatives. The author also considers the prerequisites for the formation of diplomatic relations between Russia and Bulgaria. The author expresses the opinion that there exists a positive vector of development of political dialogue with regards to the analysis of the leading parties in Bulgaria and cultural similarity of countries. The author paid particular attention to trade and economic cooperation, using official statistics of the Federal Customs Service of Russia are given (based on the report on foreign trade between Russia and Bulgaria in 2018: trade, exports, imports, structure, goods, dynamic). Russia ranked sixth in the number of foreign tourists visiting Bulgaria. Therefore, the sphere of tourism in bilateral relations needs more detailed review. The decline for 2018 can only be attributed to the World Cup in Russia, intense competition from other areas, as well as the fluctuation of the exchange rate of ruble. The author considered business forums such as, for example, “Bulgarian Business Day in Russia: Bulgaria — a bridge to the European Union” and cooperation in the field of education and science, with Financial University as the leading partner of the Bulgarian universities. The author discussed some issues of regional cooperation within the framework of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) as the platform for dialogue between the countries. The material is dedicated to the celebration of 140 years of diplomatic relations between Russia and Bulgaria.

COOPERATION OF RUSSIA AND BULGARIA: FROM HISTORYTO MODERNITY. DYNAMICS OF RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXTOF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION(on the 140th anniversary of diplomatic relationsbetween Russia and Bulgaria)

2019 ◽  
pp. 337-341
Author(s):  
М.Е. RODIONOVA
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
International System ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Tourism Education ◽  
Further Development

The purpose of this article is to consider Bulgarian-Russian relations, taking into account transformations in the international system, economic aspects of cooperation with the account of the European sanctions and scientific prerequisites for further development. The article considers the issues of regional cooperation within the framework of the Organization for the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), it touches the spheres of tourism, education and energy in bilateral relations. The material is dedicated to the celebration of 140 years of diplomatic relations between the countries and a number of meetings on the eve.

scholarly journals Geopolitics of Russian-Turkish Relations in the Black Sea Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-363
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Avatkov ◽  
Pavel A. Gudev
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Sea Straits ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Sea Area

The Black Sea region has a special geopolitical significance for at least two states - Russia and Turkey. In order to identify the key factors that complicate regional cooperation between the two countries, the article considers the main problems of Russian-Turkish cooperation in the Black Sea area under the conditions of post-crisis resumption of bilateral relations after the 2015 incident. Regional contradictions between Moscow and Ankara are largely caused by different positions on such issues as Crimeas joining to Russia, the regime of the Black Sea Straits as well as the policy of pan-Turkism pursued by Turkey towards the Turkic-speaking peoples of the region in the strive to form a Turkic world. In conclusion the authors explain the need to further strengthen versatile bilateral cooperation with Turkey and to pay special attention to security and humanitarian fields.

scholarly journals Turkey - Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization: Foreign Trade Relations during the 1996-2012 Period

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cemal Ardıl
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Heads Of State

This paper presents the regional economic relations between Turkey and Black See Economic Cooperation Organization (BSEC). The Heads of State and Government of eleven countries: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey and Ukraine signed the Summit Declaration and the Bosphorus Statement giving birth to the Black Sea Economic Cooperation on 25 June 1992, in Istanbul. On 5 June 1998, the Heads of State or Government signed the BSEC Charter, came into force on 1 May 1999 BSEC has evolved into an international regional organization for economic cooperation. The organization has 12 members since Serbia joining the organization in 2004. It came into existence as a unique and promising model of multilateral political and economic initiative aimed at fostering interaction and harmony among the Member States, as well as to ensure peace, stability and prosperity encouraging friendly and good-neighbourly relations in the Black Sea region. Countries bordering the Black Sea, Balkan and Caucasus formed the BSEC countries cover an area of approximately 20 million square kilometer and represent more than 350 million people. The region with the foreign trade volume of U.S. $ 300 billion per year draws attention to the rich natural resources; and is the main European energy and transport corridor transfer. The Black Sea region is a contested neighbourhood and the subject of intense debates and conflicts in the globe. Also, this reflects the changing dynamics of the Black Sea region, its complex realities, the interests of outsiders and the region’s relations with the rest of the globe. Moreover, its strategic position, linking north to south and east to west, as well as its oil, gas, transport and trade routes are all important reasons for its increasing relevance. Turkey's foreign trade volume with BSEC member countries is steadily increasing as per the findings over the period of 1996-2012.

scholarly journals RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY: THE PROSPECTS OF COLLABORATION

2016 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
A. T. Mozloyev
Keyword(s):  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
Tragic Event ◽  
Fruitful Cooperation ◽  
Russian Military

The article examines the strategic analysis of the reasons and outcomes of the aggravation of the relations between Russia and Turkey after the catastrophe with the Russian military plane Su-24. The author outlines the most critical problems which have led to this tragic event using the philosophical approach. The article analyses the relations between the two countries from the strategic point of view on the assumption of the necessity to build up fruitful cooperation in the future. According to the author, purely economic factors because of which bilateral relations could be defined as strategic partnership, have proven to be insufficient when it has come to the political rapprochement of Russia and Turkey based on the commonly understood values of the regional cooperation amid the formation of the multipolar world. The author claims that Russia and Turkey could together become one of the poles using their regional cooperation in the regions of the Black sea and the Middle-East. Nevertheless, extra idealization of the two countries' rapprochement, taking into account the events of the 24th November, 2015, has caused political disenchantment with the perspective of taking the bilateral relations to the real level of strategic partnership which would include not only economic but other factors as well. The tragic event is not only about our plane being shut down but also about the murder of our soldiers what, also considering the reluctance of the Turkish elite to make apologies and its aspiration to postpone the normalization of the relations, makes it difficult to at least bring the relations back to their initial level.

scholarly journals Nigeria–China Relations: The Contemporary Challenges

2019 ◽  
pp. 1258-1265
Author(s):  
Dr. Adigbuo Ebere Richard
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Research Method ◽  
International System ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Balance Of Trade ◽  
The Relationship

2018 marks the 47th anniversary of Nigeria-China diplomatic relations. Nigeria’s relation with china is decisively important for the future of both countries and to an ever evolving international system. It is appropriate to understand the contemporary challenges facing this relationship. Thus, this article examines Sino-Nigeria relation with a view to providing a balance sheet of cost and benefits. To do this, the study rests on qualitative research method that examines and synthesizes extant literature on international relations and in particular relevant literature on Sino-Nigeria relations. It is thus discovered that in the bilateral relations between the two countries, China has gained more than Nigeria in terms of balance of trade and the unwillingness of China to transfer technology to Nigeria. Since the relationship is asymmetrical, the article concludes that China cannot solve Nigeria’s problem and that the latter must learn from China bitter and hard way to greatness.

scholarly journals Protecting the environment as an international process: Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 05025
Author(s):  
Çora Hakan ◽  
Mikail Elnur Hasan ◽  
Gül Sevda
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Heads Of State

At In this paper, it was attempted to examine and analyze the environmental and sociological impact of Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization (BSEC) that was established in June 1992 in Istanbul. Members of the organization are Albania, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Armenia, Georgia, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine and Greece. The researchers and scholars should keep in mind that The Commission on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (the Black Sea Commission or BSC), through its Permanent Secretariat, is the intergovernmental association founded in execution of the Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (Bucharest Convention), its Protocols and the Strategic Action Plan for the Environmental Protection and Rehabilitation of the Black Sea. Therefore, through BSEC, in the Summit Declaration signed with the participation of the Heads of State and Government of 11 member countries, the Black Sea region is envisaged to be a zone of peace, stability, and welfare. The mechanism chosen to achieve this goal is environmental, economic and social cooperation.

scholarly journals Some aspects of cultural diplomacy in the framework of bilateral cooperation between France and Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
A. Kussainova ◽  
◽  
L. S. Kalibekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
World Community ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The World ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Further Development

The article analyzes aspects of cultural diplomacy in the framework of humanitarian cooperation between France and Kazakhstan, their importance in establishing diplomatic relations. Certainly, in the context of globalization, the role of cultural diplomacy is growing, the world has turned into a huge information space, where the interconnection and interdependence of the countries of the world community is evidently. Cultural diplomacy is often a means of establishing and developing relations with other states and peoples, as well as a means of selfexpression and positioning a country in the world arena and in the mass consciousness. The main emphasis in the article is given to the sphere of education and culture, their role is determined as a means of deepening bilateral relations between two countries. The strengths and weaknesses of cooperation in this area, as well as prospects for further development are considered. The growing role of cultural diplomacy between countries as a means of deepening bilateral relations is noted.

The European Union in international relations of Canada at the end of XX – beginning of XXI century

2017 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Goncharenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Security ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Common Vision ◽  
The Eu

Canada and the EU had a common vision of the fundamentals of the international relations system in the late XX – early XXI century and the need to respect the principles of international law. Canada in this matter has always acted together with other international actors on a coalition basis, accumulating defense potential. The EU has seen in Canadians close partners who share its values and have similar approaches to resolving conflict, so there are prospects for development of bilateral cooperation in the international arena. This was possible also due to the emergence of the Common foreign and defense policy of the EU and the implementation of important steps towards the development of European security policy and defense (ESDP). Therefore, at least a hypothetical European defense identity allows Canada to establish international cooperation with the EU in the defense sphere. Ottawa sought to demonstrate that Europe remains important to Canadian and international security interests, so he ESDP must not lead to the destruction of traditionally close relations between Canada and the European partners. Constitutive remains also link Europe with Canada in the framework of NATO. After the Maastricht Treaty of 1992 and the terrorist attacks of 2001, the EU is particularly interested in boosting relations with Canada. Despite the unity of views and approaches to solving most of the problems of international relations in the late XX – early XXI century between Canada and the EU, a common component in bilateral relations is still far from perfect, leaving the prospects for improving the Canadian-European cooperation on the international arena. Keywords: Canada, the European Union, international relationships, foreign policy

Mongolian-Russian diplomatic relations: history and prospects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarjargal Dashnyam ◽  
Bulgantsetseg Gunchinsharav
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Political Associations ◽  
Heads Of State ◽  
Further Development

The article deals with the history and prospects of the development of diplomatic relations between Mongolia and Russia. It is noted that diplomatic relations between the two states have a long history. The author identifies three main stages in the development of diplomatic relations between the two countries. The first stage was the Soviet one (until 1991). It was during this period that the foundations of cooperation between the two states were laid. At the same time, diplomatic relations were supported by broad cooperation in the economic and military-political spheres. Mongolia and Russia have been acting as allies for a long time. At the same time, the USSR acted as a guarantor of Mongolia's independence. The second stage (1991–2000) is characterized by the cooling of bilateral relations, which was due to the processes that took place in the USSR. The third stage (2000 and up to the present) is characterized by the intensification of diplomatic contacts. This is reflected in the frequency of official visits of the heads of state of Mongolia and Russia, as well as heads of diplomatic departments of Mongolia and Russia. The period of the 2000s. it is characterized by the presence of permanent diplomatic contacts between Mongolia and Russia. Their results are expressed in a number of declarations and agreements on cooperation between countries in various fields. Cross-border cooperation is also actively developing. The author notes that the prospects for further development of diplomatic relations between Mongolia and Russia are dictated by the goals of the foreign policy of both countries. The author notes that Mongolia is characterized by the desire to build equally equal relations with all states. Russia, on the contrary, seeks to build cooperation by attracting new member states to interstate associations of various directions. In particular, Russian diplomacy is making efforts to attract Mongolia to participate in the processes taking place within the framework of Eurasian integration. At the same time, the further development of cooperation is considered by the Russian side from the point of view of deepening the processes of Eurasian integration. At the same time, the Mongolian side, in accordance with the provisions of its foreign policy concept, does not seek to join any political associations. The author concludes that considering the prospects for further development of diplomatic relations between Mongolia and Russia, it is necessary to take into account the differences in approaches to the implementation of foreign policy between the two countries.

scholarly journals Brazil's strategic partnerships: an assessment of the Lula era (2003-2010)

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (spe) ◽  
pp. 115-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio Carlos Lessa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Us ◽  
Made In

This article examines the priority bilateral relations of Brazil, named "strategic partnerships", both because of their tradition and historical relevance and due to the existence of political and economic cooperation projects. An assessment of these relationships, especially under Lula's administration, is made in this work, bearing in mind the concept of "strategic partnerships" and its development in Brazilian foreign policy. There will be considered partnerships with the US; Argentina; Japan; China; India; South Africa and the European Union. In the article, the meaning of the increase in these relationships is interpreted on the grounds of its significance to the international insertion strategy of Brazil

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