Viabilidade técnica do uso de gesso reciclado da construção civil como insumo agrícola

A disposição de resíduos de gesso sem os cuidados necessários promove a contaminação do ar, do solo e do lençol freático. Entretanto, há possibilidade de reciclagem e utilização desses materiais como insumo agrícola, os quais podem promover resultados semelhantes ao gesso agrícola no cultivo de culturas de ciclo curto. Essa pesquisa avaliou a viabilidade técnica e o custo da utilização de gesso reciclado derivado da construção civil como substitutivo ao gesso agrícola, por meio de um experimento onde se observou o seu desempenho a campo na neutralização do alumínio trocável e disponibilização de cálcio mais magnésio no solo. Também se comparou o desenvolvimento e a produtividade da cultura do milho na área experimental, que foi composta por nove tipos de tratamento com quatro repetições distribuídos de forma casualizada em 36 parcelas, totalizando uma área de 241,5m². Após o desenvolvimento completo do milho coletou-se amostras de solo de todos os tratamentos e de indivíduos em todas as parcelas, os quais foram separados e pesados. Os resultados demonstraram que o gesso reciclado, se comportou de forma semelhante ao gesso agrícola ou foi mais eficiente na neutralização do alumínio trocável e na melhoria nos índices de Capacidade de Troca Catiônica. Quanto à produção vegetal, verificamos estatisticamente que não houve diferença significativa entre as parcelas. Conclui-se que o gesso reciclado é um substituto eficiente para o gesso agrícola, mas ainda necessita de uma cadeia de reciclagem e beneficiamento que possibilite sua oferta aos agricultores a um custo menor que a do gesso agrícola. Technical feasibility of using recycled gypsum of civil construction as an agricultural inputA B S T R A C TThe disposal of gypsum waste without observing the necessary precautions can promote the contamination of the air, soil and groundwater. However, there is possibility of recycling of this material as an agricultural input promoting a similar result to the agricultural gypsum in the cultivation of crops of short cycle. The present research evaluated the technical feasibility and the cost of the use of recycled gypsum derived from the civil construction as substitutive to the agricultural gypsum derived from mineral tillage, in an experimental area where was observed the field performance of this material as an input for the exchangeable aluminum neutralization and the availability of calcium plus exchangeable magnesium in the soil. The development and productivity of maize in the experimental area were also compared with nine types of treatments and four replications distributed randomly in 36 plots, which resulted in a total area of 241.5m². After the complete development of the maize cycle, soil samples were collected from all treatments as well as from individuals in all plots that were separated and weighed. The results showed that the gypsum recycled had a similar way to the agricultural gypsum, was more efficient with regard to the neutralization of the exchangeable aluminum and the improvement in the Capacity of Cations Exchange. Regarding plant production, it was verified from statistical treatments that there was no significant difference between plots, but still needs a chain of recycling and processing that enables its offer to farmers at a lower cost than the gypsumKey words: recycled plaster, reuse of inputs and peri-urban agriculture, soil remineralizer.

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The Influence of Opencast Lignite Mining Dehydration on Plant Production—A Methodological Study

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14071917 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1917

Author(s):

Benedykt Pepliński ◽

Wawrzyniec Czubak

Keyword(s):

Brown Coal ◽

Crop Production ◽

Plant Production ◽

External Costs ◽

Opencast Mines ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

Potato Yields ◽

Burning Coal ◽

Depression Cone ◽

The Cost

In many circles, brown coal continues to be viewed as a cheap source of energy, resulting in numerous investments in new opencast brown coal mines. Such a perception of brown coal energy is only possible if the external costs associated with mining and burning coal are not considered. In past studies, external cost analysis has focused on the external costs of coal burning and associated emissions. This paper focuses on the extraction phase and assesses the external costs to agriculture associated with the resulting depression cone. This paper discusses the difficulties researchers face in estimating agricultural losses resulting from the development of a depression cone due to opencast mineral extraction. In the case of brown coal, the impacts are of a geological, natural-climatic, agricultural-productive, temporal, and spatial nature and result from a multiplicity of interacting factors. Then, a methodology for counting external costs in crop production was proposed. The next section estimates the external costs of crop production arising from the operation of opencast mines in the Konin-Turek brown coal field, which is located in central Poland. The analyses conducted showed a large decrease in grain and potato yields and no effect of the depression cone on sugar beet levels. Including the estimated external costs in the cost of producing electricity from mined brown coal would significantly worsen the profitability of that production.

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Cost of Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Pan India Study

Annals of Neurosciences ◽

10.1177/0972753121998496 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097275312199849

Author(s):

Raghuram Nagarathna ◽

M Madhava ◽

Suchitra S Patil ◽

Amit Singh ◽

K. Perumal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Noncommunicable Disease ◽

Cost Of Treatment ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Cost Of Disease ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Cost ◽

Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major noncommunicable disease. While mortality rates are increasing, the costs of managing the disease are also increasing. The all-India average monthly expenditure per person (pppm) is reported to be ₹ 1,098.25, which translates to an annual expenditure of ₹13,179 per person. Purpose: While a number of studies have gone into the aspect of the cost of disease management, we do not find any study which has pan-India reach. We also do not find studies that focus on differences (if any) between rural and urban areas, age or on the basis of gender. We planned to report the cost of illness (COI) in diabetes individuals as compared to others from the data of a pan-India trial. Methods: Government of India commissioned the Indian Yoga Association to study the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India in 2017. As part of the questionnaire, the cost of treatment was also captured. Data collected from 25 states and union territories were analyzed using the analysis of covriance (ANCOVA) test on SPSS version 21. Results: There was a significant difference ( P < .05) between the average expenses per person per month (pppm) of individuals with self-reported known diabetes (₹1,357.65 pppm) and others (unknown and/or nondiabetes individuals–₹ 999.91 pppm). Similarly, there was a significant difference between rural (₹2,893 pppm) and urban (₹4,162 pppm) participants and between those below (₹1,996 pppm) and above 40 years (₹5,059 pppm) of age. Conclusion: This preliminary report has shown that the COI because of diabetes is significantly higher than others pointing to an urgent need to promote disease-preventive measures.

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A Threat of Farmers’ Suicide and the Opportunity in Organic Farming for Sustainable Agricultural Development in India

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11082400 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2400 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Karthikeyan Mariappan ◽

Deyi Zhou

Keyword(s):

Organic Farming ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Small Scale ◽

Conventional Farming ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Small Scale Farmers ◽

The Cost ◽

Input Cost

Agriculture is the main sources of income for humans. Likewise, agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. In India, Tamil Nadu regional state has a wide range of possibilities to produce all varieties of organic products due to its diverse agro-climatic condition. This research aimed to identify the economics and efficiency of organic farming, and the possibilities to reduce farmers’ suicides in the Tamil Nadu region through the organic agriculture concept. The emphasis was on farmers, producers, researchers, and marketers entering the sustainable economy through organic farming by reducing input cost and high profit in cultivation. A survey was conducted to gather data. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to test the hypothesis regards the cost and profit of rice production. The results showed that there was a significant difference in profitability between organic and conventional farming methods. It is very transparent that organic farming is the leading concept of sustainable agricultural development with better organic manures that can improve soil fertility, better yield, less input cost and better return than conventional farming. The study suggests that by reducing the cost of cultivation and get a marginal return through organic farming method to poor and small scale farmers will reduce socio-economic problems such as farmers’ suicides in the future of Indian agriculture.

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Use of hormonal subdoses applied in Bai Hui acupuncture in estrus synchronization protocols for goats

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n4p1501 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1501 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diego Oliveira de Souza ◽

Monna Lopes de Araújo ◽

Carmo Emanuel Almeida Biscarde ◽

Claudinéia da Silva Mendes ◽

Mariana Alves de Andrade Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Estrus Synchronization ◽

Reproductive Parameters ◽

Follicular Growth ◽

Plasma Progesterone ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Estrus Detection ◽

Detection Coverage ◽

Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

The Cost ◽

Synchronization Protocol

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of delivering reduced doses of hormones via the Bai Hui acupoint in estrus synchronization in goats. A total of 40 goats received intravaginal sponges with medroxyprogesterone acetate for 7 days. The goats were then randomly distributed into 5 treatment: T1 - application of 132.5 ?g of cloprostenol and 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), both by intramuscular injection (IM); T2 - application of 39.75 ?g cloprostenol at the Bai Hui acupoint, and 300 IU of eCG by IM; T3 - application of 132.5 ?g of cloprostenol by IM, and 90 IU of eCG at the Bai Hui acupoint; T4 - application of 39.75?g of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both in Bai Hui and T5 acupuncture: application of 39.75?g of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both applied in false acupoint. The goats were subjected to an estrus synchronization protocol and monitored for estrus detection, coverage and evaluation of reproductive parameters to detect entry into estrus. The data were subjected to normality tests, followed by appropriate statistical analyses of each variable. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the percentage of animals in estrus (95.00 ± 11.18%), interval between sponge removal and beginning of estrus (49.72 ± 8.93 h), interval between sponge removal and end of estrus (76.84 ± 11.98 h), duration of estrus (27.08 ± 8.68 h), size of the largest follicle (6.82 ± 0.44 mm), interval between sponge removal and ovulation (78.28 ± 10.82 h), time from ovarian onset to estrus (28.52 ± 5.44 h), follicular growth rate (0.86 ± 0.29 mm/day), number of ovulations (1.32 ± 0.23), plasma progesterone concentration at 7 days after ovulation (10.28 ± 1.65 ng.mL-1), and gestation rate at 30 days after the beginning of estrus (75 ± 12.5%). However, the cost of the synchronization protocol per animal was 43.42% lower in treatments 4 and 5 (30% of the doses) than in treatment 1 (100% of the dose). Ovulation and estrus were efficiently synchronized with the use of 39.75 ?g of sodium cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, applied at the Bai Hui acupoint or at a false acupoint.

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Cost-Effectiveness of Initial Revision Digit Amputation Performed in the Emergency Department Versus the Operating Room

Hand ◽

10.1177/1558944718790577 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 208-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joseph A. Gil ◽

Avi D. Goodman ◽

Andrew P. Harris ◽

Neill Y. Li ◽

Arnold-Peter C. Weiss

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Operating Room ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Initial Management ◽

Fingertip Amputation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Initial Procedure ◽

The Cost ◽

Cost Effectiveness Threshold

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the comparative cost-effectiveness of performing initial revision finger amputation in the emergency department (ED) versus in the operating room (OR) accounting for need for unplanned secondary revision in the OR. Methods: We retrospectively examined patients presenting to the ED with traumatic finger and thumb amputations from January 2010 to December 2015. Only those treated with primarily revision amputation were included. Following initial management, the need for unplanned reoperation was assessed and associated with setting of initial management. A sensitivity analysis was used to determine the cost-effectiveness threshold for initial management in the ED versus the OR. Results: Five hundred thirty-seven patients had 677 fingertip amputations, of whom 91 digits were initially primarily revised in the OR, and 586 digits were primarily revised in the ED. Following initial revision, 91 digits required unplanned secondary revision. The unplanned secondary revision rates were similar between settings: 13.7% digits from the ED and 12.1% of digits from the OR ( P = .57). When accounting for direct costs, an incidence of unplanned revision above 77.0% after initial revision fingertip amputation in the ED would make initial revision fingertip amputation in the OR cost-effective. Therefore, based on the unplanned secondary revision rate, initial management in the ED is more cost-effective than in the OR. Conclusions: There is no significant difference in the incidence of unplanned/secondary revision of fingertip amputation rate after the initial procedure was performed in the ED versus the OR.

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Cost awareness of radiological studies among doctors at Universitas Academic Hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa

South African Journal of Radiology ◽

10.4102/sajr.v25i1.2188 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Khanyisa N. Mrwetyana ◽

Jacques Janse van Rensburg ◽

Gina Joubert

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Cost Estimation ◽

Academic Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Education Training ◽

The Cost ◽

Cost Awareness ◽

Radiological Studies

Background: South Africa has high healthcare expenses. Improving cost-consciousness could decrease government expenditure on healthcare.Objectives: To determine cost awareness of radiological studies among doctors at a tertiary hospital. The objective was met by assessing the accuracy of cost estimation according to the level of training and speciality, whether participants had received prior education/training related to cost awareness and if they had a desire to learn more about the cost of radiological imaging.Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in six clinical departments at Universitas Academic Hospital using an anonymous questionnaire that determined doctors’ cost awareness of five radiological studies. Each radiological study was answered using six different cost ranges, with one correct option. Costs were based on the Department of Health’s 2019 Uniform Patients Fee Schedule (UPFS).Results: In total, 131 (67.2%) of 195 questionnaires distributed to registrars and consultants were returned. Overall, low accuracy of cost estimation was observed, with 45.2% of the participants choosing only incorrect options. No participant estimated all five costs correctly. Only the Internal Medicine clinicians demonstrated a significant difference between registrars and consultants for the number of correct answers (median 0 and 1, respectively) (p = 0.04). No significant differences were found between specialities stratified by registrars/consultants. Most participants (88.6%) would like to learn about imaging costs. Only 2.3% of the participants had received prior education/training related to cost awareness of radiological studies.Conclusion: Doctors were consistently inaccurate in estimating the cost of radiological studies. Educating doctors about the cost of radiological imaging could have a positive effect on healthcare expenditure.

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Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling Effects Based on Multiparameter Precursor Observations for February–March 2021 Earthquakes (M~7) in the Offshore of Tohoku Area of Japan

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences11110481 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 481

Author(s):

Masashi Hayakawa ◽

Jun Izutsu ◽

Alexander Schekotov ◽

Shih-Sian Yang ◽

Maria Solovieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Gravity Wave ◽

Total Electron ◽

Ionospheric Perturbation ◽

Initial Expectation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Total Electron Contents ◽

Coupling Channel ◽

Subducting Plate ◽

A Chain ◽

Atmospheric Gravity

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling (LAIC) effects with the use of multiparameter precursor observations for two successive Japanese earthquakes (EQs) (with a magnitude of around 7) in February and March 2021, respectively, considering a seemingly significant difference in seismological and geological hypocenter conditions for those EQs. The second March EQ is very similar to the famous 2011 Tohoku EQ in the sense that those EQs took place at the seabed of the subducting plate, while the first February EQ happened within the subducting plate, not at the seabed. Multiparameter observation is a powerful tool for the study of the LAIC process, and we studied the following observables over a 3-month period (January to March): (i) ULF data (lithospheric radiation and ULF depression phenomenon); (ii) ULF/ELF atmospheric electromagnetic radiation; (iii) atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) activity in the stratosphere, extracted from satellite temperature data; (iv) subionospheric VLF/LF propagation data; and (v) GPS TECs (total electron contents). In contrast to our initial expectation of different responses of anomalies to the two EQs, we found no such conspicuous differences of electromagnetic anomalies between the two EQs, but showed quite similar anomaly responses for the two EQs. It is definite that atmospheric ULF/ELF radiation and ULF depression as lower ionospheric perturbation are most likely signatures of precursors to both EQs, and most importantly, all electromagnetic anomalies are concentrated in the period of about 1 week–9 days before the EQ to the EQ day. There seems to exist a chain of LAIC process (cause-and-effect relationship) for the first EQ, while all of the observed anomalies seem to occur nearly synchronously in time for the send EQ. Even though we tried to discuss possible LAIC channels, we cannot come to any definite conclusion about which coupling channel is plausible for each EQ.

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GULA POVIDINE-IODINE 1%: ALTERNATIF PENGOBATAN LUKA TEKAN

Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia ◽

10.7454/jki.v8i1.140 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 8-12

Author(s):

Amelia Kurniati

Keyword(s):

Total Sample ◽

Control Group ◽

Nursing Time ◽

Hydrocolloid Dressing ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

Equivalent Control ◽

The Cost ◽

Povidine Iodine

AbstrakLuka tekan (luka akibat penekanan yang terus menerus) adalah masalah yang umum terjadi pada kelompok klien tertentu seperti klien usia lanjut, klien kritis, dan klien yang menderita kelumpuhan. Luka tekan ini menimbulkan banyak masalah: tingginya biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk mengobati luka, menurunnya kualitas hidup klien, lamanya dirawat di rumah sakit, dan meningkatnya angka kematian klien. Penelitian dilakukan untuk membandingkan efektivitas pemakaian balutan modern (hydrocolloid) dan gula povidine-iodine 1% di 4 rumah sakit di Jakarta selama 2 bulan dengan menggunakan desain non-equivalent control group pre dan posttest. Didapat total sampel sebanyak 25 klien, dibagi secara random ke dalam 2 kelompok; kelompok hydrocolloid dan kelompok gula povidine-iodine 1%. Setiap sampel dilakukan pretest, kemudian dirawat selama 3 minggu, dan setiap minggu perawatan dilakukan posttest oleh peneliti. Hasil yang didapat adalah tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna untuk pengecilan area luka tekan - walaupun ketika membandingkan kecepatan penghancuran jaringan mati dan kecepatan pertumbuhan granulasi, terlihat bahwa kedua keadaan ini lebih cepat terjadi di kelompok gula povidine-iodinee 1%-. Untuk biaya perawatan lebih tinggi di kelompok hydrocolloid, sedangkan untuk lamanya waktu perawatan luka lebih cepat. AbstractPressure ulcers (ulcers which caused by body pressure) are common problems in some sub-specific patients, such as, elderly patients, critical-ill and para paraplegia patients. Pressure ulcers induces problems: the costs involved, patients’ quality of life and mortality rate. Research purposed to compare the efectivity hydrocolloid dressing and sugar Povidine-iodine (1%) dressing. Research has been conducted within the 4 selected hospitals in 2 months period of time using non equivalen control group; pre and post test. Total sample was 25 patients, which divided onto 2 groups: hydrocolloid group and sugar povidineiodinee group. Pre-test was also done to obtain initial data to be used for further treatments with hydrocolloid dressing and sugar Povidine-iodine (1%) dressing. Each patient was treating for 3 weeks, and in each week was conducted a post-test. Results from processing the data obtained, indicating that there was no significant difference on wound size reduction. The cost involved was higher in the hydrocolloid group while the nursing time consumption was lower.

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Costing out Educational Needs for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Global Social Sciences Review ◽

10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-ii).05 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol IV (II) ◽

pp. 34-42

Author(s):

Noor Jehan ◽

Muhammad Idris

Keyword(s):

Rural Students ◽

Total Cost ◽

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽

Pocket Money ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Urban Student ◽

Education Needs ◽

Successful School ◽

Grade One ◽

The Cost

This study was undertaken for costing out education needs for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa based on location, gender, district and grade. The sample consisted of 778 schools, including 364 females and 414 males. The study used descriptive statistics for analysis. It was found that rural students get slightly less pocket money than urban students. The cost of average monthly stationery, uniform cost, teacher cost and total cost for urban student was higher than for rural students. District Haripur was found to be the most successful school district. It was further found that better results need good financing. The study also confirmed that the girl student cost is less than a boy student. It was also concluded that the pocket money on average increases with grade. There was no significant difference of stationery cost across grades while grade one and grade four students’ cost on uniform was slightly higher than other grades.

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Economic evaluation of the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of subcutaneous ketamine in the management of chronic cancer pain

Palliative Medicine ◽

10.1177/0269216318801754 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 74-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nikki McCaffrey ◽

Thomas Flint ◽

Billingsley Kaambwa ◽

Belinda Fazekas ◽

Debra Rowett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palliative Care ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Cancer Pain ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Double Blind ◽

Double Blind Placebo ◽

Cost Effective Treatment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Cost

Background: Treating chronic, uncontrolled, cancer pain with subcutaneous ketamine in patients unresponsive to opioids and co-analgesics remains controversial, especially in light of recent evidence demonstrating ketamine does not have net clinical benefit in this setting. Aim: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of subcutaneous ketamine versus placebo in this patient population. Design and setting: A within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis of the Australian Palliative Care Clinical Studies Collaborative’s randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ketamine was conducted from a healthcare provider perspective. Mean costs and outcomes were estimated from participant-level data over 5 days including positive response, health-related quality of life (HrQOL) measured with the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Palliative Care (FACIT-Pal), ketamine costs, medication usage and in-patient stays. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in responder rates, but higher toxicity and worse HrQOL for ketamine participants (mean change −3.10 (standard error (SE) 1.76), ketamine n = 93; 4.53 (SE 1.38), placebo n = 92). Estimated total mean costs were AU$706 higher per ketamine participant (AU$6608) compared with placebo (AU$5902), attributable to the cost of higher in-patient costs as well as costs of ketamine administration. The results were robust to sensitivity analyses accounting for different medication use costing methods and removal of cost outliers. Conclusion: The findings suggest subcutaneous ketamine in conjunction with opioids and standard adjuvant therapy is neither an effective nor cost-effective treatment for refractory pain in advanced cancer patients.

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