Análise Estatística da Vulnerabilidade Socioambiental aos Impactos da Covid-19 nos Bairros de Brasília Teimosa e Pina na cidade do Recife-PE

Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by the new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that had its first records in China's Wuhan province and in March 2020, WHO declared Covid as a Pandemic. Since then, several studies have been carried out to analyze the transmission of SARS-Cov-2 through analyzes of Geographic Information Systems and Statistics with the purpose of evaluating the socioenvironmental elements. For the present work, the methodology is characterized by the creation of socioenvironmental vulnerability indices, analyzing the unavailability of drinking water, the absence of sanitary sewage collection, high demographic densities, contamination rates and lethality rates. The selected neighborhoods were Brasília Teimosa and Pina, using information from IJCPM, Compesa, IBGE, Health Secretariat of the City of Recife and Secretariat of Planning and Management of the State of Pernambuco. After processing the data, the Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Index was introduced using social indicators. For the Pina neighborhood, sectors were selected whose IVSA was greater than or equal to 0.6. It is perceived that, for these sectors, the vulnerability regarding home care for sewage and income is moderate. While the Brasília Teimosa neighborhood has an asymmetry in stilt areas with high vulnerabilities. This same behavior is observed in relation to the IVCD. The Pina neighborhood stands out for the number of outliers, which occur in exactly the same sectors. This may imply a direct relationship between the number of cases and the number of deaths, but it can also be related to shared socioeconomic vulnerability.

Download Full-text

Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Index: An Application to Rio de Janeiro-Brazil

International Journal of Public Health ◽

10.3389/ijph.2021.584308 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 ◽

Author(s):

Fernanda Siqueira Malta ◽

Eduarda Marques da Costa

Keyword(s):

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Social Economic ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Vulnerability Index ◽

Environmental Vulnerability ◽

Disadvantaged Groups ◽

Public Health Indicators ◽

Summary Index ◽

The City ◽

Environmental Vulnerability Index

Objectives: The concept of vulnerability has been used more frequently in several studies, in an attempt to better understand the specificities and needs of different population groups, both in environmental and socio-economical terms. The aim of this study is to identify, characterize and analyze populations in situations of socio-environmental vulnerability in the city of Rio de Janeiro, based on social, economic, environmental and public health indicators organized into a summary index – the Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Index.Methods: The methodology integrated 15 indicators in a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis into a Geographic Information System.Results: According to our results, socio-environmental vulnerability in Rio de Janeiro is aggravated by at-risk situations and environmental degradation. These aspects are jeopardized by the population density in slum areas, where the most disadvantaged groups live in a process of environmental and urban exclusion.Conclusion: The study concludes about the importance of these tools in guiding resource allocation and their contribution to formulating and implementing more effective public policies.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Ground Water Quality For AL Shuwayja area –Wasit Provence Using GIS Technique

Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences ◽

10.31185/ejuow.vol1.iss2.8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Ali Nasser Hilo

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Ground Water ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Ground Water Quality ◽

Water Index ◽

The City

The low level of water in rivers in Iraq leads to poor water quality, on that basis; we need to assess Iraq's water resources for uses of irrigation and drinking water. This study present a model accounts for ground water quality by using a water quality index (WQI) for the region defined between the city of Kut and the city of Badra in Wasit province. this study relies on a system of wells set up along the path through the Badra –Kut and around it up to 78 wells. The study showed poor quality of ground water in the region of study and it is unsuitability for irrigation and drinking water, as well as provided a solution to the water accumulated in the Shuwayja to reduce the bad effect on groundwater by using a system of branch and collection canals then pumping at the effluent of Al Shuwayja in seasons of rainy season ..Water quality index calculated depend on the basis of various physic-chemical parameters as PH, Ec , TDS, TSS, Nacl , SO4 ,Na , and Mg. The resultant and analytical are present with use of Arch GIS program – geostastical analysis for the water index and water quality parameters

Download Full-text

DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC, CADMIUM, LEAD, COOPER AND ZINC IN DRINKING WATER FROM R. MACEDONIA

Knowledge International Journal ◽

10.35120/kij28041259k ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 1259-1264

Author(s):

Kiril Lisichkov ◽

Katerina Atkovska ◽

Neven Trajchevski ◽

Orce Popovski ◽

Nadica Todorovska

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Supply ◽

Atomic Absorption ◽

Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Supply System ◽

Water Supply System ◽

Bottled Water ◽

Cadmium Lead ◽

The City

The presence of some chemical compounds at higher levels than maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) in the drinking water, suggests of water resources pollution. In this paper the following elements were analyzed: total arsenic, cadmium, lead, cooper and zinc. Twelve samples of water from the water supply system from the city of Skopje were examined during one year from three different springs. Also, ten samples of bottled water from three producers from the Macedonian market were tested.The determined average mass concentrations of total As, Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) in the analyzed water samples from the water supply system are 1.35 μg/l, 0.06 μg/l, 0.6 μg/l, 0.9 μg/l and 1,12 μg/l, respectively, and for the tested bottled water, the mean values ranges from 0.56 - 0.83 μg total As / l, 0.053 - 0.056 μg Cd(II)/l, 0.51 - 0.54 μg Pb(II)/l , 0.6 - 0.87 μg Cu(II)/l and 0.68 - 0.8 μg Zn(II)/l water.The following instrumental analytical methods and techniques were used for the analysis of the tested samples of drinking water: flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic absorption spectroscopy with hydride cеll, electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy.The obtained results are shown in tables and graphic form. According to the obtained results a comparative analysis was carried out indicate that it is a water of good quality that can be used in different branches of the process industry.The obtained results in this paper do not exceed the values of the MPC of the Republic of Macedonia prescribed by the legal regulations for the drinking water, which confirm the health safety of the drinking water from the water supply system in the city of Skopje and the packed waters from the Macedonian market in relation to the tested elements.

Download Full-text

Estimating the infectious disease risks associated with drinking water in the United States

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2006.026 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 4 (S2) ◽

pp. 1-2 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rebecca L. Calderon ◽

Gunther Craun ◽

Deborah A. Levy

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

United States ◽

Drinking Water ◽

The United States ◽

Disease Risks

Download Full-text

Evolution of Pumping and Piezometry of the Carboniferous Aquifers, Western Border of Aïr Massif

Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering ◽

10.15377/2409-5710.2021.08.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 72-79

Author(s):

Alhassane Illias ◽

Abdou Babaye Maman Sani ◽

Issa M. Salmanou Souleymane ◽

Ousmane Boureima

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Table ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

General Decline ◽

Western Border ◽

The City

The Tarat aquifer provides drinking water for the population of the city of Arlit and also provides water to industries. The exploitation of this aquifer has considerably increased in recent years. The main objective of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of the functioning of the Tarat aquifer. Thus, a methodological approach focusing mainly on the piezometric study and the analysis of evolution and estimation of the volumes of water pumped, since its development from 1969 to 2012, which has resulted in highlighting not only a general decline in the level of the Tarat aquifer, but also the piezometer level (Arli_182), reacts strongly to the solicitations of the aquifer. On this same piezometer, the water table was lowered by 30 m from 1980 to 2006 (26 years), so a drawdown of 0.86 /year.

Download Full-text

Drinking Water Fluoride Levels for a City in Northern Mexico (Durango) Determined Using a Direct Electrochemical Method and Their Potential Effects on Oral Health

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2013/186392 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nelly Molina Frechero ◽

Leonor Sánchez Pérez ◽

Enrique Castañeda Castaneira ◽

Anastasio Oropeza Oropeza ◽

Enrique Gaona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Distribution System ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Dental Fluorosis ◽

Fluoride Concentration ◽

Mean Value ◽

National Standard ◽

Preventative Measures ◽

The Government ◽

The City

Fluoride is ingested primarily through consuming drinking water. When drinking water contains fluoride concentrations >0.7 parts per million (ppm), consuming such water can be toxic to the human body; this toxicity is called “fluorosis.” Therefore, it is critical to determine the fluoride concentrations in drinking water. The objective of this study was to determine the fluoride concentration in the drinking water of the city of Durango. The wells that supply the drinking water distribution system for the city of Durango were studied. One hundred eighty-nine (189) water samples were analyzed, and the fluoride concentration in each sample was quantified as established by the law NMX-AA-077-SCFI-2001. The fluoride concentrations in such samples varied between 2.22 and 7.23 ppm with a 4.313 ± 1.318 ppm mean concentration. The highest values were observed in the northern area of the city, with a 5.001 ± 2.669 ppm mean value. The samples produced values that exceeded the national standard for fluoride in drinking water. Chronic exposure to fluoride at such concentrations produces harmful health effects, the first sign of which is dental fluorosis. Therefore, it is essential that the government authorities implement water defluoridation programs and take preventative measures to reduce the ingestion of this toxic halogen.

Download Full-text

Identification and management of microbial contaminations in a surface drinking water source

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2007.137 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 5 (S1) ◽

pp. 67-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. Åström ◽

T. J. R. Pettersson ◽

T. A. Stenström

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Intake ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Microbial Contamination ◽

Water Source ◽

Drinking Water Source ◽

Raw Water ◽

Indicator Organisms ◽

E Coli ◽

The City

Microbial contamination of surface waters constitutes a health risk for drinking water consumers which may be lowered by closing the raw water intake. We have evaluated microbial discharge events reported in the river Göta älv, which is used for raw water supply to the city of Göteborg. Elevated levels of faecal indicator bacteria were observed during periods of closed raw water intake. High bacteria levels were, however, also occasionally detected during periods of open intake, probably as a result of microbial discharge far upstream in the river which may be difficult to predict and manage by closing the intake. Accumulated upstream precipitations, resulting in surface runoff and wastewater contaminations in the catchment, correlated positively with the levels of total coliforms, E. coli, intestinal enterococci and sulfite-reducing clostridia. Levels of faecal indicator organisms were negatively correlated to the water temperature due to enhanced survival at lower temperatures. Wastewater discharges from a municipality located just upstream of the water intake resulted in elevated E. coli concentrations downstream at the raw water intake for Göteborg. To improve the prediction of microbial contaminations within the river Göta älv, monitoring data on turbidity and upstream precipitation are of particular importance.

Download Full-text

RISK ASSESSMENT OF CHILDREN’S HEALTH DUE TO THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DRINKING WATER SOURCES OF THE NON-CENTRALIZED WATER SUPPLY OF THE CITY OF EKATERINBURG

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-9-997-1003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (9) ◽

pp. 997-1003 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lidia G. Konshina

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Supply ◽

Oral Route ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Water Sources ◽

The Body ◽

Arsenic Compounds ◽

Traditional Assessment ◽

The City

Introduction. In recent years, the risk assessment methodology has become the leading tool for assessing the health of various groups of the population, allowing identifying priority negative environmental factors. Material and methods. There were explored 212 wells, including 150 in collective gardens and 62 in cottage settlements. The priority oral route of chemical intake into the body was studied. Results. Nitrates and arsenic compounds create the main non-carcinogenic risk in the sources of non-centralized water supply in the territory of the Municipal Settlement of the city of ekaterinburg. When using water from wells in cottage settlements levels of non-carcinogenic risks are significantly lower than non-carcinogenic risks in horticultural partnerships. Acceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk for children under 6 years are related with 17.4% of water sources in collective gardens and 25% of wells in cottage settlements; for adults - 60.8% and 93.8% respectively. The detected nitrate concentrations in individual wells of horticultural associations can create a high non-carcinogenic risk. The total individual lifetime carcinogenic risk, both in the water of collective gardens and in the water wells of cottage settlements ranges from 10-5 to 10-4 and, therefore, is at a low level, the greatest contribution is made by arsenic compounds. Discussion. In contrast to the earlier traditional assessment of drinking water quality, when the main substances for which the discrepancy was found to hygienic standards were manganese, nitrates, iron and silicon, in the assessment of water danger using the methodology of risk assessment, nitrates and arsenic come to the first place, with a much smaller role of manganese. The calculation of carcinogenic risks using age correction factors (ADAF) has increased the risk values calculated by the traditional method by almost 2 times. Summary Levels of non-carcinogenic risks when using water from wells in cottage settlements are significantly lower than non-carcinogenic risks in horticultural partnerships.

Download Full-text

EFFECT OF IRON IN DRINKING WATER ON THE MORBIDITY RATE IN THE POPULATION OF THE CITY OF OREL

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-11-1049-1053 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 96 (11) ◽

pp. 1049-1053 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nataliya A. Egorova ◽

N. V. Kanatnikova

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Iron Content ◽

Subcutaneous Tissue ◽

Scale Up ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Morbidity Rate ◽

Human Organism ◽

Urogenital System ◽

High Iron Content ◽

The City

The population of the city of Orеl consumes drinking underground water of Zadonsko-Optuhovsky and Voronezh-Livny aquifers with natural iron content, annual mean levels of which over the observation period from 2007 to 2015 exceeded the maximum allowable concentration (0.3 mg/l) by 1.03 to 1.43 times, with a maximum of 3.67 to 17.7 times. Although an elevated iron content in drinking water has been considered primarily in terms of organoleptic changes, several sanitary studies of recent years have revealed the prolonged use of water containing iron in concentrations, which exceed the maximum allowable ones, to scale up overall morbidity as well as the development of blood, skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases, musculoskeletal problems, digestive, urogenital system and allergic disorders. There are many reports concerning causes and the harm to human organism due to iron overload, and largely explanation of the possibility of developing the above types of pathology. The purpose of the study is to identify relationships between levels of total iron content in drinking water and the morbidity rate of the population of the city of Orel. Investigations were executed with the use a correlation analysis. For the period from 2007 to 2015, there were revealed direct correlation relationships between the annual average concentrations of iron in drinking water and the total morbidity rate of children and adults as well as 11 types of non-infectious pathologies, including diseases of the respiratory and urogenital system, atopic dermatitis, reactive arthropathies and eczema in children; diseases of blood and blood-forming organs, reactive arthropathies, gastritis and duodenitis in adolescents, stenocardia, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, gastritis, duodenitis and liver diseases in adults. The correlation coefficients amounted to from 0.66 to 0.86, with an accuracy of 0.01-0.05. These relationships may be causal in nature, as it was proved by similar results obtained in the Tula region, Primorsky Krai, and Sverdlovsk region where the population uses ground water with a high iron content. Apparently, it should be more careful in the assessment of the elevated iron content in drinking water from a hygienic viewpoint and must focus, among other things, on its possible causal relations with the morbidity rates of the population, rather than scrutinizing primarily its impact on the organoleptic water properties.

Download Full-text

Fluorine in natural waters of the Odesa region: Medicaland geographical analysis

Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography ◽

10.30970/vgg.2017.51.8896 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 346-357

Author(s):

Valentina Trigub

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Natural Waters ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Dental Health ◽

Fluorine Content ◽

Drinking Waters ◽

High Fluorine Content ◽

Dental Diseases ◽

Anthropogenic Loading ◽

The City

The study of fluorine content in the natural waters of the Odesa region was carried out. The content of fluorine in the waters of the centralized and non-centralized drinking waters supply of the Odesa region and the city of Odesa is determined. Areas with low and high fluorine content are found. Very low fluorine content is determined in Kiliyskyi, Bilyaivskyi, Kodimskyi and Savranskyi districts of the Odessa region. High fluorine content (above MAC) is determined in the Tarutinskiy and Arzizkyi districts. Correlation dependence of fluorine content in drinking water of the Odesa region and indicators of the prevalence of dental diseases (caries and fluorosis of teeth) of the population of the region and the city are established. It is determined that for most districts of the region there is a relationship between the content of fluorine in drinking waters and dental health. In some areas, this dependence is not sufficiently expressed, which is due to the geochemical and ecological characteristics of the territory. It is revealed that for the population of Odesa, who use water with very low fluoride content, high indicators of the disease for caries and fluorosis of teeth are characteristic, which is connected with the allocation of industrial areas with significant anthropogenic loading, including fluorine compounds. One of the possible causes of dental disease, even with optimal fluorine content in drinking water, can be the combination of its action with other chemical elements. Key words: fluorine, drinking water, Odesa region, Odesa city, caries and fluorosis of teeth.

Download Full-text