scholarly journals Resistance of hulless oats to smut fungi in Western Siberia

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
O. A. Isachkova ◽  
B. L. Ganichev ◽  
A. O. Loginova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Naked Oats

The work presents the results of the study of naked oat samples from the world collection of The N.I. Vavilov All Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources and locally bred varieties for resistance to smut diseases. The research was carried out in 2008-2018 in the fi eld experiment against an artifi cial infection background. It was noted that during the growing season meteorological factors affected the extent of lesion of naked oats with the disease. A higher degree of lesion was observed in years with suffi cient and excessive moisture supply alongside increased air temperatures, whereas less damage was discovered under dry conditions. The results of phytopathological analysis of 230 collection samples of hulless oats in 2008–2011 revealed that mid-ripening specimens are more susceptible to damage by smut fungi (27.2% on average in the group). With an increase in the length of the growing season, susceptibility to the pathogen decreases. The degree of lesion in midlate samples was 26.5%, on average in the group, in late-ripening – 25.4%, in very late-ripening – 20.0%. During further study (2012–2018) of 35 resistant samples of this collection, a decrease in resistance to the pathogen was noted. Immune samples characterized by high panicle structure, large size of grain and lodging resistance were selected and included in the cross-breeding program to produce high-yielding genotypes resistant to local populations of smut fungi. As a result, a new variety of naked oats Ofenya was created, surpassing the standard recognized variety in terms of yield, technological, biochemical parameters, as well as resistant to lodging and smut.

scholarly journals Resistance of samples of naked oats to stem rust

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
O. A. Isachkova ◽  
A. O. Loginova
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Damage Degree ◽  
Naked Oats

The results of studying the resistance of samples of naked oats from the world collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources and varieties of local breeding work to stem rust lesion are presented. The study was carried out in 20172019 in a field experiment in natural conditions in Kemerovo region. The influence of meteorological factors during the vegetation period of naked oat plants on the degree of disease damage was noted: more intense lesion was observed in years with low air temperatures and excessive moisture supply during the period of seedling-ear formation and a large amount of precipitation during the period of filling and maturation of grain. The results of phytopathological analysis of 50 collection samples of naked oats revealed that mid-late samples are more affected by stem rust (74.9% on average for the group). The study (n = 50) revealed the effect of stem rust lesion on the resistance to lodging of crops (r = –0.5751 at R = 0.273), grain size (r = –0.7737 at R = 0.273), and yield of naked oat samples (r = –0.9387 at R = 0.273). Naked oats are highly susceptible to pathogen lesion, 84% of the samples showed very low resistance with a damage index of more than 65.1%. Samples with a low damage degree were identified, characterized by high yield rates, 1000 grain weight, resistance to lodging and smut fungi, and a low level of segregation of hulled grains: Pennline 9010 (USA), Numbat (Australia), Progress (Omsk region), Gehl (Canada), Piband (Leningrad region), g/o-327-1/16, g/o-441-1/17, g/o-444-7/17 (Kemerovo region).

scholarly journals Formation of productivity of naked oat varieties under different cultivation conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
O. A. Isachkova ◽  
A. O. Loginova ◽  
E. A. Egushova
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Naked Oats ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Late Sowing

The results of studying naked oat yield indicators depending on different sowing dates and seeding rates are presented. The study was carried out in 2016-2020 in a field experiment in Western Siberia. Samples of different groups of the crop ripeness were studied: mid-early variety Gavrosh and mid-ripening variety Ofenya. The duration of the growing season of naked oats was influenced by meteorological factors. There was a tendency observed for a decrease in the duration of interphase periods and the growing season as a whole from an early sowing date to a later one by 4-10 days for the Gavrosh variety and by 8-10 days for the Ofenya variety. The yield of the Gavrosh variety at an early sowing period significantly exceeded the same indicator at a mid-period by 17.6% and at a late period - by 19.0%, of the Ofenya variety - by 10.9% and 16.2%, respectively. The increase in the yield for the early sowing period of the mid-early variety Gavrosh relative to the middle and late sowing dates was determined by a larger grain size (r = 0.6929 ... 0.9535 at R = 0.5140). For the midripening variety Ofenya, the number of productive stems per unit area (r = 0.7444 ... 0.9054 with R = 0.5140) and the weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.5350 ... 0.8297 at R = 0.5140) were of more importance in the years of research on all variants. The most optimal seeding rate for naked oat varieties is 5.0-6.0 million germinating grains/ha. At this rate, it was not the maximum manifestation of individual indicators of the yield structural elements, but a combination of their average values was noted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of naked oat accessions from the VIR collection for their qualitative characteristics in Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
A. I. Abugalieva ◽  
I. G. Loskutov ◽  
T. V. Savin ◽  
V. A. Chudinov
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
The North ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Naked Oats

Background.The grain of naked oat varieties has a unique biochemical composition (increased content of protein, starch, fat, and β-glucans) for the production of high-quality dietary food and feed. Relatively low adaptability restrains the spread of naked oat cultivars, but the demand for them has been increasing from year to year. Currently, only hulled oat cultivars are introduced into industrial cultivation in Kazakhstan, so the breeding trend aimed at the development of high-yielding naked oat cultivars may be regarded as a priority.Materials and methods. Thirty-five accessions of naked oats (Avena  sativaL.  subsp. nudisativa(Husnot.) Rod. et Sold.) were selected from the germplasm collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) for their suitability for the conditions in Kazakhstan in terms of the growing season, drought resistance and grain productivity. The study was carried out in 2015–2017 in the fields of the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Crop Production (Almaty) and the Karabalyk Agricultural Experimental Station (Kostanay). Grain quality of naked oats was assessed by various methods according to a set of biochemical characters: the content of protein and its fractions, starch, amylose, fat and fatty acids, and β-glucans.Results. The study of naked oat accessions from VIR in the environments of the southeastern Kazakhstan showed higher average values of protein content in grain than under the conditions in the north. As a result of the study, naked oat accessions with increased and stable indicators of the content of protein, starch, amylose, fat, individual fatty acids and β-glucans were identified for the conditions of the southeastern and northern regions of Kazakhstan. All selected accessions will be used in breeding programs of the Republic of Kazakhstan to develop high-yielding and high-quality naked oat cultivars.

scholarly journals Growing season and productivity of naked oats

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
N. V. Krotova ◽  
G. A. Batalova ◽  
Ren Changzhong ◽  
G. P. Zhuravleva
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Naked Oats ◽  
Very High ◽  
Sustainable Productivity

A well-studied source material is required for breeding problems to be successfully solved. Evaluation of samples in varying climatic conditions enables to identify highly productive sources. The results of assessment of 56 naked oat varieties of different ecological-geographical origin by duration of the growing season are presented. The studies were carried out in 2017 - 2019 on the sod-podzolic middle-clay soils of the Kirov region. Considerable differences between variety samples according to periods of ripening have been revealed. Classification of naked oat samples by duration of growing season for Volga-Vyatka region is proposed. The most numerous were the groups of middle season and middle-late samples – 41.1 and 35.7 %, respectively, late samples – 17.8 %. The set of early variety samples was very limited (5.4 %). The productivity of naked oat samples varied by years, variation level changed from insignificant to very high (V = 7.91...91.76 %). In the group of early varieties, coefficients of variation were 21.47...34.58 % with productivity of 165...330 g/m2. The evaluation of middle season samples showed mainly high and very high levels of variation in productivity. The exception was made by samples of Belarus k-3899 BYAS-154 (7.91 %) and 15094 MF9521-247 (16.83 %) from the USA with productivity of 139...161 and 182...244 g/m2, respectively. In middle-late and late variety samples, the coefficients of variation within the group were 21.44...68.36 %, and 26.25...68.75 %, respectively. Middle season samples with sustainable productivity are recommended for use in breeding practice, they are k-3897 BYAS-156, k-3898 BYAS-155 (Belarus), 15155 MF9016-31 (USA).

scholarly journals Past and future snowmelt trends in the Swiss Alps: the role of temperature and snowpack

2021 ◽  
Vol 165 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vorkauf ◽  
Christoph Marty ◽  
Ansgar Kahmen ◽  
Erika Hiltbrunner
Keyword(s):  
Snow Depth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Alpine Plants ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Freezing Damage ◽  
Strong Shift ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Early Snowmelt

AbstractThe start of the growing season for alpine plants is primarily determined by the date of snowmelt. We analysed time series of snow depth at 23 manually operated and 15 automatic (IMIS) stations between 1055 and 2555 m asl in the Swiss Central Alps. Between 1958 and 2019, snowmelt dates occurred 2.8 ± 1.3 days earlier in the year per decade, with a strong shift towards earlier snowmelt dates during the late 1980s and early 1990s, but non-significant trends thereafter. Snowmelt dates at high-elevation automatic stations strongly correlated with snowmelt dates at lower-elevation manual stations. At all elevations, snowmelt dates strongly depended on spring air temperatures. More specifically, 44% of the variance in snowmelt dates was explained by the first day when a three-week running mean of daily air temperatures passed a 5 °C threshold. The mean winter snow depth accounted for 30% of the variance. We adopted the effects of air temperature and snowpack height to Swiss climate change scenarios to explore likely snowmelt trends throughout the twenty-first century. Under a high-emission scenario (RCP8.5), we simulated snowmelt dates to advance by 6 days per decade by the end of the century. By then, snowmelt dates could occur one month earlier than during the reference periods (1990–2019 and 2000–2019). Such early snowmelt may extend the alpine growing season by one third of its current duration while exposing alpine plants to shorter daylengths and adding a higher risk of freezing damage.

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of methane emissions from a subarctic fen in the Hudson Bay Lowlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 4465-4479 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Hanis ◽  
M. Tenuta ◽  
B. D. Amiro ◽  
T. N. Papakyriakou
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Surface Soil Temperature ◽  
Filling Method ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract. Ecosystem-scale methane (CH4) flux (FCH4) over a subarctic fen at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada was measured to understand the magnitude of emissions during spring and fall shoulder seasons, and the growing season in relation to physical and biological conditions. FCH4 was measured using eddy covariance with a closed-path analyser in four years (2008–2011). Cumulative measured annual FCH4 (shoulder plus growing seasons) ranged from 3.0 to 9.6 g CH4 m−2 yr−1 among the four study years, with a mean of 6.5 to 7.1 g CH4 m−2 yr−1 depending upon gap-filling method. Soil temperatures to depths of 50 cm and air temperature were highly correlated with FCH4, with near-surface soil temperature at 5 cm most correlated across spring, fall, and the shoulder and growing seasons. The response of FCH4 to soil temperature at the 5 cm depth and air temperature was more than double in spring to that of fall. Emission episodes were generally not observed during spring thaw. Growing season emissions also depended upon soil and air temperatures but the water table also exerted influence, with FCH4 highest when water was 2–13 cm below and lowest when it was at or above the mean peat surface.

scholarly journals Pan-Arctic linkages between snow accumulation and growing-season air temperature, soil moisture and vegetation

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 7575-7597 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Luus ◽  
Y. Gel ◽  
J. C. Lin ◽  
R. E. J. Kelly ◽  
C. R. Duguay
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Snow Season ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Land Surface Characteristics

Abstract. Arctic field studies have indicated that the air temperature, soil moisture and vegetation at a site influence the quantity of snow accumulated, and that snow accumulation can alter growing-season soil moisture and vegetation. Climate change is predicted to bring about warmer air temperatures, greater snow accumulation and northward movements of the shrub and tree lines. Understanding the responses of northern environments to changes in snow and growing-season land surface characteristics requires: (1) insights into the present-day linkages between snow and growing-season land surface characteristics; and (2) the ability to continue to monitor these associations over time across the vast pan-Arctic. The objective of this study was therefore to examine the pan-Arctic (north of 60° N) linkages between two temporally distinct data products created from AMSR-E satellite passive microwave observations: GlobSnow snow water equivalent (SWE), and NTSG growing-season AMSR-E Land Parameters (air temperature, soil moisture and vegetation transmissivity). Due to the complex and interconnected nature of processes determining snow and growing-season land surface characteristics, these associations were analyzed using the modern nonparametric technique of alternating conditional expectations (ACE), as this approach does not impose a predefined analytic form. Findings indicate that regions with lower vegetation transmissivity (more biomass) at the start and end of the growing season tend to accumulate less snow at the start and end of the snow season, possibly due to interception and sublimation. Warmer air temperatures at the start and end of the growing season were associated with diminished snow accumulation at the start and end of the snow season. High latitude sites with warmer mean annual growing-season temperatures tended to accumulate more snow, probably due to the greater availability of water vapor for snow season precipitation at warmer locations. Regions with drier soils preceding snow onset tended to accumulate greater quantities of snow, likely because drier soils freeze faster and more thoroughly than wetter soils. Understanding and continuing to monitor these linkages at the regional scale using the ACE approach can allow insights to be gained into the complex response of Arctic ecosystems to climate-driven shifts in air temperature, vegetation, soil moisture and snow accumulation.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF PLANTS ON SOIL MYCOCENOSIS WHEN GROWING LEAF SALAD UNDER ARID CLIMATE OF ASTRAKHAN REGION

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
D.G. Baubekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Phytopathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Biological Protection ◽  
Protection Agent

Territories with arid climate are characterized by insufficient atmospheric humidification at high air temperatures. Therefore, the use of drip irrigation during the growing season of plants is an effective agrotechnical method of farming. However, its use causes a number of unfavorable consequences that can be avoided by using biological plant protection agents with pronounced biological activity against phytopathogenic bacteria, micromycetes, insects and viruses. These remedies are based on the introduction of microorganisms and their metabolites into the biotechnological process. A biological plant protection agent based on Bаcillus atrophaeus ACIM В–11474 has been developed and its effect on the mycocenosis of the studied soils when growing lettuce in the arid climate of the Astrakhan region using drip irrigation has been studied.

scholarly journals New variety of soft winter wheat Alyonushka

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Svetlana Valentinovna Kosenko
Keyword(s):  
High Mass ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Intraspecific Hybridization ◽  
Gluten Quality ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The article presents the main methods of creating and the results of studying a new variety of winter soft wheat Alyonushka. The variety was created at the FSBRI OP Penza Research Institute of Agriculture by the method of intraspecific hybridization of varieties with subsequent individual selection from the hybrid population F3 Kazanskaya 237 // Moshinskaya 2 / Zolushka. The characteristics of the new variety are given according to the most important economically valuable traits and properties. The new variety Alyonushka in terms of grain yield and the elements composing it, during the years of research (2015–2018), significantly exceeded the standard variety Fotinya. The average increase in grain to the standard for these years was 0.78 t / ha. The high yield of the new variety is formed due to the high mass of 1000 grains, the number and weight of grain per spike. It has high winter hardiness (88% on average), high lodging resistance (9 points) and grain quality at the level of valuable wheat. The new variety Alyonushka stably forms a completed grain (grain nature is 756-797 g / l), the content of crude protein in the grain is 14.8-16.2%, gluten is 28.2-30.2% with a gluten quality of 50-85 units. ... IDK (I-II group), baking strength of flour - 296 units, volumetric yield of bread from 100 g of flour - 780 cm3, overall assessment of bread - 4.7 points. The economic efficiency of cultivation of the Alyonushka variety in comparison with the Fotinya standard was 3780 rubles / ha. The profitability level of the new variety was 135%, which is 21% higher than that of the standard.

The Incidence of Climatic Conditions Favourable to Coffee Berry Disease in Kenya

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Spore Dispersal ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Disease ◽  
Air Temperatures

SUMMARYClimatic conditions affecting the development of CBD are assessed by measuring wetness within the tree canopy and air temperature. Saturation of the tree canopy, necessary for spore dispersal, occurs most frequently at the tops of trees and the duration of wetness permitting spore germination is most prolonged at night. Night air temperatures are closest to berry temperatures and are important in assessing infection periods. Disease development in 1968 and 1969 was related to the number of infection periods during the growing season. Polythene tree covers which kept trees sufficiently dry to stop disease development were used in determining infection at different times of the year.

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