scholarly journals INCREASE IN FLUID EXTRACTION, WHICH IS AT THE FINAL STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT DUE TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF EQUIPMENT INTENSIFICATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (53) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Victoria Rubel ◽  
Marina Petruniak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Before And After

It has been established that the fluid reserves, which are at the final stage of development, are difficult to extractable andwatered. The methods of intensification are analyzed and it is established that it will be rational in this case to pump carbondioxide into the reservoir. Its influence on a bundle of oil and water is determined. The results of the statistical processing ofthe change of the debit before and after injection of carbon dioxide, the influence of the volume of gas injected into the wellfrom the seperate permeability of the reservoir, as well as the expected rate of wellbore after injection, are presented.

Carbon Capture Performance of Amino-Modified MIL-101 at Room Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 395-396 ◽  
pp. 637-640
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Zheng Ping Wang ◽  
Ling Meng ◽  
Lian Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Adsorption ◽  
Before And After

MIL-101, a metal-organic framework material, was synthesized by the high-temperature hydrothermal method. Triethylenetetramine (TETA) modification enabled the effective grafting of an amino group onto the surface of the materials and their pore structure. The crystal structure, micromorphology, specific surface area, and pore structure of the samples before and after modification were analyzed with an X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, specific surface and aperture tester, and infrared spectrometer. The carbon dioxide adsorption properties of the samples were determined by a thermal analyzer before and after TETA modification. Results show that moderate amino modification can effectively improve the microporous structure of MIL-101 and its carbon dioxide adsorption properties. After modification, the capacity of MIL-101 to adsorb carbon dioxide decreased only by 0.61 wt%, and a high adsorption capacity of 9.45 wt% was maintained after six cycles of adsorption testing at room temperature and ambient pressure.

scholarly journals The Challenge for Building Integration of Highly Transparent Photovoltaics and Photoelectrochromic Devices

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cannavale ◽  
Francesco Martellotta ◽  
Francesco Fiorito ◽  
Ubaldo Ayr
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Accurate Description ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Open Issues

This paper holds a critical review of current research activities dealing with smart architectural glazing worldwide. Hereafter, the main trends are analyzed and critically reported, with open issues, challenges, and opportunities, providing an accurate description of technological evolution of devices in time. This manuscript deals with some well-known, highly performing technologies, such as semitransparent photovoltaics and novel photoelectrochromic devices, the readiest, probably, to reach the final stage of development, to disclose the manifold advantages of multifunctional, smart glazing. The complex, overall effects of their building integration are also reported, especially regarding energy balance and indoor visual comfort in buildings.

scholarly journals Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Pyrrolidine Alkaloid from Leaves of Piper amalago L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Carrara ◽  
L. C. Filho ◽  
V. A. S. Garcia ◽  
V. S. Faiões ◽  
E. F. Cunha-Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Orthogonal Array ◽  
Design Matrix ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction ◽  
Orthogonal Array Design ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Array Design ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Extraction

Supercritical fluid extraction was used to extract the alkaloid N-[7-(3′,4′-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2(Z),4(Z)-heptadienoyl]pyrrolidine from leaves of Piper amalago L. A three-level orthogonal array design matrix, OAD OA9(34), was used for optimization of the parameters of supercritical extraction of the alkaloid, employing supercritical carbon dioxide: extraction time (20, 40, and 60 min), temperature (40, 50, and 60°C), pressure (150, 200, and 250 bar), and the use of cosolvents (ethanol, methanol, and propyleneglycol). All parameters had significant effect on the alkaloid yield. The alkaloid yield after 60 min of extraction without cosolvents at 9 different conditions (32) in terms of temperature (40, 50, and 60°C) and pressure (150, 200, and 250 bar) was also evaluated. The optimal yield (≈3.8 mg g−1) was obtained with supercritical CO2 + methanol (5% v : v) at 40°C and 200 bar for 60 min of extraction.

Split face comparative study of microneedling with platelet rich plasma versus Fractional carbon dioxide laser with platelet rich plasma in treatment of atrophic post acne scars

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abd Elnaeem Sallam ◽  
Khaled El Zawahry ◽  
Abdul Rahman Muhammed Ali Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Laser ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Fractional Co2 Laser ◽  
Acne Scars ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Face ◽  
Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser

Abstract Background Acne scars, is a challenge for dermatologists, despite having multiple treatment modalities like microneedling, dermabrasion, Fractional CO2 Laser, dermal fillers, etc. However, monotherapy has been hardly satisfactory because of the polymorphism seen with the scars. Objective Comparison between microneedling with platelet rich plasma versus Fractional carbon dioxide laser with platelet rich plasma in treatment of atrophic post acne scars. Patients and methods This study was carried out in department of dermatology, venereology and andrology, in Kobry El-Kobba Military complex during the period (from September 2018 to July 2020 ) on 20 patients of both sexes aged from 20 to 60 years old presenting with Goodman and Baron Grade II, III, IV acne scars . Results The study revealed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.017) between Goodman and Baron scar grades on the right side of the face before and after treatment indicating that microneedling with platelet rich plasma was effective in improving acne scars. Also, there is a statistically significant difference (p = 0.010) between Goodman and Baron scar grades on the left side of the face before and after treatment, indicating that fractional CO2 laser with platelet rich plasma was effective in improving acne scars. Conclusion and recommendation Further controlled and randomized studies are needed to validate our findings in a larger cohort of patients and longer follow up. Also, number of sessions might be more than 3 sessions.

Breathing in brief exercise

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. N. Craig ◽  
E. G. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Output ◽  
Respiratory Minute Volume ◽  
Before And After

Two men ran for 20 or 60 seconds while inhaling air, oxygen or 4% carbon dioxide. Inspired respiratory minute volume was determined for each breath. Ventilation increased suddenly in the first breath with minimal changes in end-expiratory carbon dioxide tension and respiratory exchange ratio to a rate that remained constant for 20 seconds before increasing further. The rate of carbon dioxide output was uniform during the first 20 seconds. A 12% grade did not increase ventilation or oxygen uptake during runs of 20 seconds, but in the first minute of recovery, ventilation was 64% greater than after level runs. Inhalation of oxygen inhibited ventilation by 24% in the 20-second periods before and after the end of a 60-second run. Inhalation of carbon dioxide begun at rest produced increments in ventilation and end-expiratory carbon dioxide tension that varied little during running and recovery. In the 20-second runs ventilation varied with speed but appeared independent of ultimate metabolic cost. Submitted on January 21, 1960

scholarly journals Evaluation of pain in outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy with gas

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Daniela Barreto Fraguglia Quental Diniz ◽  
Daniella de Batista Depes ◽  
Ana Maria Gomes dos Santos ◽  
Simone Denise David ◽  
Salete Yatabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Verbal Scale ◽  
Experienced Pain ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Power ◽  
Diagnostic Hysteroscopy

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the intensity of pain reported by patients undergoing outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy. Methods: Exam performed with a 5-mm lens hysteroscope, vaginal speculum, tenaculum and uterine distention with carbon dioxide gas. Before and after the examination, patients were interviewed to define, in a verbal scale from 0 to 10, pain values that they expected to feel and that they experienced after the end, and also if they would repeat it if indicated. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 15.0, statistic significance was defined as p < 0.05 with a study power of 95%. Results: Fifty-eight patients were included with mean age of 50.9 years, with 32.8% at postmenopause and 6.9% nulliparous. Among those with previous deliveries, mean parity was 2.21 and at least one vaginal delivery had occurred in 63.8%. Only 24.1% of patients knew how the exam would be done, 62.1% needed an endometrial sample and the result was considered satisfactory in 89.7%. The means of expected and experienced pain were similar (6.0 versus 6.1), and 91.4% of women would repeat the hysteroscopy if necessary. The only factor associated with less pain after the exam was previous vaginal delivery, with a decrease of pain score from 7.1 to 5.5 (p = 0.03). Mean pain was significantly lower in those who agreed to repeat the exam (5.8 versus 9.4; p = 0.003). Conclusions: Outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy with gas can be associated with moderate but tolerable discomfort and satisfactory results.

Ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide at low and high levels of oxygen are elevated after episodic hypoxia in men compared with women

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 1673-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Morelli ◽  
M. Safwan Badr ◽  
Jason H. Mateika
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
High Oxygen ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Episodic Hypoxia ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
End Tidal

We hypothesized that the acute ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in the presence of low and high levels of oxygen would increase to a greater extent in men compared with women after exposure to episodic hypoxia. Eleven healthy men and women of similar race, age, and body mass index completed a series of rebreathing trials before and after exposure to eight 4-min episodes of hypoxia. During the rebreathing trials, subjects initially hyperventilated to reduce the end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PetCO2) below 25 Torr. Subjects then rebreathed from a bag containing a normocapnic (42 Torr), low (50 Torr), or high oxygen gas mixture (150 Torr). During the trials, PetCO2 increased while the selected level of oxygen was maintained. The point at which minute ventilation began to rise in a linear fashion as PetCO2 increased was considered to be the carbon dioxide set point. The ventilatory response below and above this point was determined. The results showed that the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide above the set point was increased in men compared with women before exposure to episodic hypoxia, independent of the oxygen level that was maintained during the rebreathing trials (50 Torr: men, 5.19 ± 0.82 vs. women, 4.70 ± 0.77 l·min−1·Torr−1; 150 Torr: men, 4.33 ± 1.15 vs. women, 3.21 ± 0.58 l·min−1·Torr−1). Moreover, relative to baseline measures, the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in the presence of low and high oxygen levels increased to a greater extent in men compared with women after exposure to episodic hypoxia (50 Torr: men, 9.52 ± 1.40 vs. women, 5.97 ± 0.71 l·min−1·Torr−1; 150 Torr: men, 5.73 ± 0.81 vs. women, 3.83 ± 0.56 l·min−1·Torr−1). Thus we conclude that enhancement of the acute ventilatory response to carbon dioxide after episodic hypoxia is sex dependent.

scholarly journals NILAI TAMBAH MINYAK AKAR WANGI DENGAN PEMEKATAN KADAR VETIVEROL MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAKSI CO2 FLUIDA SUPERKRITIK

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anny Sulaswatty ◽  
Egi Agustian
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Great Opportunity

Potensi Indonesia akan minyak akar wangi yang berorientasi ekspor dalam industri kosmetik, parfum, sabun, keperluan terapi, antiseptik, massage oil, farmasi dan pestisida memberikan peluang yang besar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dunia. Guna nilai tambah minyak akar wangi dengan meningkatkan kadar vetiverol sebagai komponen utama, diaplikasikan teknologi ekstraksi fluida karbondioksida superkritik yang merupakan perpaduan ekstraksi, fraksinasi dan deodorisasi dengan didukung keunggulan karbondioksida sebagai pelarut yang inert, ramah lingkungan, mudah dipisahkan, dan berdaya larut tinggi.  Minyak akar wangi Garut (Java vetiver oil) sebagai bahan baku, mempunyai karakteristik  kadar vetiverol  39.03 %; Bobot jenis 0.9977; indeks bias 1.5247;  putaran optik +38.1; kelarutan dalam alkohol 95%  yaitu 1:1 jernih; bilangan asam 28.1; bilangan ester 24.6; bilangan ester setelah asetilasi 115.5; serta tidak mengandung minyak lemak dan  minyak keruing. Pemilihan kondisi proses guna menghasilkan kandungan vetiverol optimal dilakukan dengan memvariasikan laju alir gas CO2, tekanan dan suhu sebagai parameter penting dalam keberhasilan proses ekstraksi minyak akar wangi dengan fluida CO2 superkritik. Pemilihan laju alir konstan dan lebih stabil  diperoleh pada 5.5 liter/menit, sedangkan untuk variasi tekanan ekstraktor (1500, 1750, 2000 psi) dan suhu ekstraktor (40-50oC);  tekanan dan suhu separator  500 psi dan 25oC serta waktu proses selama lima jam dengan pengambilan ekstrak setiap jam. Tekanan dan suhu proses yang optimal diperoleh pada 1750 psi dan suhu 40oC  dengan  rafinat minyak akar wangi berkadar vetiverol  51.82 %,  bilangan ester 7.2 dan bilangan ester setelah asetilasi  172.4. Tingginya tekanan dan rendahnya suhu berpengaruh terhadap perolehan ekstrak; penurunan rafinat; peningkatan nilai  bobot jenis ekstrak dan rafinat; indeks bias ekstrak dan rafinat; putaran optik ekstrak dan rafinat; peningkatan viskositas ekstrak dan rafinat; peningkatan bilangan ester ekstrak, bilangan ester setelah asetilasi ekstrak, serta kandungan vetiverol.Kata Kunci: Minyak Akar Wangi, Vetiverol, Ekstraksi Fluida Superkritik Potential Indonesian vetiver oil export oriented industry of cosmetics, perfumes, soaps, therapeutic purposes, antiseptic, massage oil, pharmaceutical and pesticide presents a great opportunity to meet the needs of the world. In order to add value vetiver oil by increasing the levels vetiverol as the main component, was applied to carbon dioxide supercritical fluid extraction technology which is a combination of extraction, fractionation and deodorization with excellence supported carbon dioxide as an inert solvent, eco-friendly, easily separated, and the high solubility. Garut vetiver oil (Java vetiver oil) as raw material, has the characteristics vetiverol levels 39.03%, specific gravity of 0.9977; refractive index of 1.5247; optical rotation +38.1; solubility in alcohol 95% is a clear 1:1; acid number 28.1; ester number 24.6; ester number after acetylation 115.5; as well as fats and oils contain no oil keruing. The selection process conditions in order to produce optimal vetiverol content performed by varying the flow rate of CO2 gas, pressure and temperature as an important parameter in the success of vetiver oil extraction with supercritical CO2 fluid. The selection of a constant flow rate and more stable obtained at 5.5 liters / min, whereas for pressure variation extractor (1500-2000 psi) and extractor temperature (40-50oC); separator pressure and temperature of 500 psi and 25 °C as well as the processing time for five hours by taking extracts every hour. Pressure and temperature optimum process obtained at 1750 psi and a temperature of 40oC with rafinat vetiverol vetiver oil yield of 51.82%, ester number 7.2, and ester number after acetylation 172.4. The high pressure and low temperature affect the acquisition of the extract; rafinat decline; increase in the value of specific gravity and rafinat extracts; refractive index and rafinat extract; optical rotation and rafinat extract; increase in the viscosity of the extract and rafinat; increase in numbers ester extract, ester number after acetylation extracts, as well as the content vetiverol. Key word: Vetiver Oil, Vetiverol, Supercritical Fluid Extraction.

scholarly journals METHODS OF MAINTAINING THE PROJECT LEVELS OF GAS PRODUCTION AT THE FINAL STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF DEPOSITS

2017 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
E. V. Panikarovskii ◽  
V. V. Panikarovskii
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
Gas Flow Velocity

In the case of self-kill of wells, the gas flow velocity in the lifting column is not sufficient for carrying to the surface of the liquid, accumulated in the wellbore. To remove liquid from the bottom of wells, solid and liquid surfactants are used. As a result of conducted studies of surfactant compositions, the components of surfactant solutions were chosen to remove liquid from the bottom of wells.

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