Biochemical and molecular genetic aspects of the metabolism of L-ascorbic acid invarieties and wild species of tomato (Solanum sect. Lycopersicon)

Powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell. E tEv.) Salm.) – is one of the most widespread apple diseases in world. Identification of forms, carrying resistance genes, is an important stage in breeding programs aimed at obtaining powdery mildew resistant apple varieties. Diagnostic DNA markers of target genes will increase reliability of identification and efficiency of apple breeding for the creation of resistant genotypes. The purpose of this study was molecular genetic testing of wild species of genus Malus Mill. According to Pl-1, Pl-w and Pl-d powdery mildew resistance genes for revealing polymorphism of the studied loci and identification of valuable genotypes for breeding. The study subjects were the wild species of genus Malus Mill. of different ecological and geographic origin. The Pl-1 gene was identified using AT20-SCAR marker, Pl-w gene - EM M02 marker, Pl-d gene - EM DM01 marker. AT20-SCAR marker (Pl-1 gene) was identified in 37.3 % of genotypes. EM M02 marker (Pl-w gene) was detected in 16.4 % of the studied forms. EM DM01 marker (Pl-d gene) is present in 10.4 % of the analyzed forms. At least one of the studied molecular markers is present in the genome of 52.2 % of apple wild species. The Pl-1 gene in apple wild species is most spread in Baccatae series, the Pl-w gene - in Baccatae and Sieboldinae series, the Pl-d gene - in Orientalis series. Wild species M. baccata 2319, M. mandshurica 41947, M. sachalinensis 85, M. sachalinensis 97, M. purpurea v. pendula 2396 are characterized by combination of Pl-1 and Pl-w genes; M. turkmenorum 13283 and M. turkmenorum 29 421 - Pl-1 and Pl-d genes; M. denticulata 29416 - Pl-w and Pl-d genes, which allows to recommend them as promising complex sources of high powdery mildew resistance for breeding.

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Phytochemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Four Brassica Wild Species from Italy

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25153495 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (15) ◽

pp. 3495

Author(s):

Valentina Picchi ◽

Roberto Lo Scalzo ◽

Aldo Tava ◽

Filippo Doria ◽

Sergio Argento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Wild Species ◽

Superoxide Anion ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Quercetin Derivatives

In the present study, we evaluated for the first time the variability of antioxidant traits of four Brassica wild species: B. incana, B. macrocarpa, B. villosa, and B. rupestris. The content of the main water-soluble antioxidants (phenolics, ascorbic acid, and total biothiols) and the in vitro antioxidant potential (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and superoxide anion scavenging capacity) were investigated. A total of 28 polyphenolic compounds were identified by LC/MS and quantitated by HPLC/DAD analysis. Kaempferol and quercetin derivatives were the most abundant phenolics compared to hydroxycinnamoyl gentiobiosides. In the ten populations, phenolics ranged from 163.9 to 533.9 mg/100 g dry weight (d.w.), ascorbic acid from 7.6 to 375.8 mg/100 g d.w., and total biothiols from 0.59 to 5.13 mg/100 g d.w. The different classes of phytochemicals were separated using solid-phase extraction at increasing methanol concentrations, and the antioxidant power of fractionated extracts was evaluated. The superoxide anion scavenging activity was significantly correlated to phenolics, particularly to flavonol derivatives, while DPPH was mainly related to ascorbic acid content. The present findings improve the knowledge of the phytochemical composition of Italian Brassica wild species by showing the great diversity of phytochemicals among populations and highlighting their importance as a valuable genetic resource for developing new cultivars with improved bioactive content.

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Comparative Study of Ascorbic Acid Levels in Gastric Secretion, Blood, Urine and Saliva

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(51)80160-4 ◽

1951 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 224-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Joseph T. Freeman ◽

Roberta Hafkesbring

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Gastric Secretion ◽

Comparative Study

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Quantitative analysis of ascorbic acid-2-sulfate by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

Journal of Chromatography A ◽

10.1016/s0021-9673(01)87558-0 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 308 ◽

pp. 306-309

Author(s):

C Tsao

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Electrochemical Detection ◽

High Performance

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Sorbitol enhances the physicochemical stability of B12 vitamers

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000578 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 90 (5-6) ◽

pp. 439-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrew Hadinata Lie ◽

Maria V Chandra-Hioe ◽

Jayashree Arcot

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Uv Light ◽

Heat Exposure ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Uv Exposure ◽

Physicochemical Stability ◽

Before And After ◽

The Stability

Abstract. The stability of B12 vitamers is affected by interaction with other water-soluble vitamins, UV light, heat, and pH. This study compared the degradation losses in cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin due to the physicochemical exposure before and after the addition of sorbitol. The degradation losses of cyanocobalamin in the presence of increasing concentrations of thiamin and niacin ranged between 6%-13% and added sorbitol significantly prevented the loss of cyanocobalamin (p<0.05). Hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin exhibited degradation losses ranging from 24%–26% and 48%–76%, respectively; added sorbitol significantly minimised the loss to 10% and 20%, respectively (p < 0.05). Methylcobalamin was the most susceptible to degradation when co-existing with ascorbic acid, followed by hydroxocobalamin and cyanocobalamin. The presence of ascorbic acid caused the greatest degradation loss in methylcobalamin (70%-76%), which was minimised to 16% with added sorbitol (p < 0.05). Heat exposure (100 °C, 60 minutes) caused a greater loss of cyanocobalamin (38%) than UV exposure (4%). However, degradation losses in hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin due to UV and heat exposures were comparable (>30%). At pH 3, methylcobalamin was the most unstable showing 79% degradation loss, which was down to 12% after sorbitol was added (p < 0.05). The losses of cyanocobalamin at pH 3 and pH 9 (~15%) were prevented by adding sorbitol. Addition of sorbitol to hydroxocobalamin at pH 3 and pH 9 reduced the loss by only 6%. The results showed that cyanocobalamin was the most stable, followed by hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin. Added sorbitol was sufficient to significantly enhance the stability of cobalamins against degradative agents and conditions.

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Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Select Antioxidants in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000520 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 90 (1-2) ◽

pp. 103-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael J. Haas ◽

Marilu Jurado-Flores ◽

Ramadan Hammoud ◽

Victoria Feng ◽

Krista Gonzales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Inflammatory Cytokine ◽

Culture Media ◽

Cytokine Secretion ◽

Human Coronary Artery ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract. Inflammatory and oxidative stress in endothelial cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of premature atherosclerosis in diabetes. To determine whether high-dextrose concentrations induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) were exposed to either 5.5 or 27.5 mM dextrose for 24-hours and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) levels were measured by enzyme immunoassays. To determine the effect of antioxidants on inflammatory cytokine secretion, cells were also treated with α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and the glutathione peroxidase mimetic ebselen. Only the concentration of IL-1β in culture media from cells exposed to 27.5 mM dextrose increased relative to cells maintained in 5.5 mM dextrose. Treatment with α-tocopherol (10, 100, and 1,000 μM) and ascorbic acid (15, 150, and 1,500 μM) at the same time that the dextrose was added reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in culture media from cells maintained at 5.5 mM dextrose but had no effect on IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in cells exposed to 27.5 mM dextrose. However, ebselen treatment reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in cells maintained in either 5.5 or 27.5 mM dextrose. IL-2 and TNF α concentrations in culture media were below the limit of detection under all experimental conditions studied suggesting that these cells may not synthesize detectable quantities of these cytokines. These results suggest that dextrose at certain concentrations may increase IL-1β levels and that antioxidants have differential effects on suppressing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HCAEC.

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Ascorbic Acid does not Improve Endothelium-Dependent Flow-mediated Dilatation of the Brachial Artery in Patients with Raynaud’s Phenomenon Secondary to Systemic Sclerosis

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.73.1.3 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 3-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

M. E. Mavrikakis ◽

J. P. Lekakis ◽

M. Papamichael ◽

K. S. Stamatelopoulos ◽

Ch. C. Kostopoulos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Systemic Sclerosis ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Brachial Artery ◽

Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽

Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Placebo Administration ◽

Flow Mediated Dilatation

Previous studies have shown that patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis present abnormal endothelial function; the mechanisms responsible for the endothelial dysfunction are unknown but increased vascular oxidative stress could be a possible cause. The hypothesis that a potent water-soluble antioxidant can reverse endothelial dysfunction in these patients was tested in the present study. We examined 11 female patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis and ten healthy control women by ultrasound imaging of the brachial artery to assess flow-mediated (endothelium-dependent) and nitrate-induced (endothelium-independent) vasodilatation. Flow-mediated dilatation and nitrate-induced dilatation were significantly reduced in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon, indicating abnormal endothelial and smooth muscle cell function. Patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon entered a double-blind, randomized, crossover placebo-controlled trial and received orally 2 g of ascorbic acid or placebo; vascular studies were repeated two hours after ascorbic acid or placebo administration. Flow-mediated dilatation did not improve after ascorbic acid (1.6 ± 2.2% to 2.2 ± 2.5%, ns) or placebo administration (1.2 ± 1,9% to 1.7 ± 1.4%, ns); also nitrate-induced dilatation was similar after ascorbic acid or placebo (16 ± 7.4% vs 17 ± 8%, ns), suggesting no effect of ascorbic acid on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle function. In conclusion, ascorbic acid does not reverse endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in the brachial circulation of patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis. The use of different antioxidants or different dosing of ascorbic acid may be required to show a beneficial effect on endothelial vasodilator function.

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L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000187 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 84 (1-2) ◽

pp. 5-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eun Y. Jung ◽

Sung C. Jun ◽

Un J. Chang ◽

Hyung J. Suh

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Body Weight ◽

Fat Body ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Overweight Women ◽

Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

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Stability of antioxidant vitamins in whole human blood during overnight storage at 4°C and frozen storage up to 6 months

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000485 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 88 (3-4) ◽

pp. 151-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Scott W. Leonard ◽

Gerd Bobe ◽

Maret G. Traber

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Frozen Storage ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Plasma Samples ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Plasma Ascorbic Acid ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Sample Handling

Abstract. To determine optimal conditions for blood collection during clinical trials, where sample handling logistics might preclude prompt separation of erythrocytes from plasma, healthy subjects (n=8, 6 M/2F) were recruited and non-fasting blood samples were collected into tubes containing different anticoagulants (ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), Li-heparin or Na-heparin). We hypothesized that heparin, but not EDTA, would effectively protect plasma tocopherols, ascorbic acid, and vitamin E catabolites (α- and γ-CEHC) from oxidative damage. To test this hypothesis, one set of tubes was processed immediately and plasma samples were stored at −80°C, while the other set was stored at 4°C and processed the following morning (~30 hours) and analyzed, or the samples were analyzed after 6 months of storage. Plasma ascorbic acid, as measured using HPLC with electrochemical detection (LC-ECD) decreased by 75% with overnight storage using EDTA as an anticoagulant, but was unchanged when heparin was used. Neither time prior to processing, nor anticoagulant, had any significant effects upon plasma α- or γ-tocopherols or α- or γ-CEHC concentrations. α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations remained unchanged after 6 months of storage at −80°C, when measured using either LC-ECD or LC/mass spectrometry. Thus, refrigeration of whole blood at 4°C overnight does not change plasma α- or γ-tocopherol concentrations or their catabolites. Ascorbic acid is unstable in whole blood when EDTA is used as an anticoagulant, but when whole blood is collected with heparin, it can be stored overnight and subsequently processed.

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