More Than One Million Pump Wells Have Begun Irrigating Rural Areas of the North

1973 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The North

Why Has There Been No People’s Power Rebellion in North Korea?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Andrew Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Al Jazeera ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Right

One scenario put forward by researchers, political commentators and journalists for the collapse of North Korea has been a People’s Power (or popular) rebellion. This paper analyses why no popular rebellion has occurred in the DPRK under Kim Jong Un. It challenges the assumption that popular rebellion would happen because of widespread anger caused by a greater awareness of superior economic conditions outside the DPRK. Using Jack Goldstone’s theoretical expla-nations for the outbreak of popular rebellion, and comparisons with the 1989 Romanian and 2010–11 Tunisian transitions, this paper argues that marketi-zation has led to a loosening of state ideological control and to an influx of infor-mation about conditions in the outside world. However, unlike the Tunisian transitions—in which a new information context shaped by social media, the Al-Jazeera network and an experience of protest helped create a sense of pan-Arab solidarity amongst Tunisians resisting their government—there has been no similar ideology unifying North Koreans against their regime. There is evidence of discontent in market unrest in the DPRK, although protests between 2011 and the present have mostly been in defense of the right of people to support themselves through private trade. North Koreans believe this right has been guaranteed, or at least tacitly condoned, by the Kim Jong Un government. There has not been any large-scale explosion of popular anger because the state has not attempted to crush market activities outright under Kim Jong Un. There are other reasons why no popular rebellion has occurred in the North. Unlike Tunisia, the DPRK lacks a dissident political elite capable of leading an opposition movement, and unlike Romania, the DPRK authorities have shown some flexibility in their anti-dissent strategies, taking a more tolerant approach to protests against economic issues. Reduced levels of violence during periods of unrest and an effective system of information control may have helped restrict the expansion of unrest beyond rural areas.

Integrated waste water management for a small river basin - a case study

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
R. Fenz ◽  
M. Zessner ◽  
N. Kreuzinger ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Management ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
The North ◽  
Waste Water Management

In Austria approximately 70% of the population is connected to sewerage and to biological waste water treatment plants. Whereas the urban areas are already provided with these facilities to a very high extent, effort is still needed in rural areas to meet the requirements of the Austrian legislation. The way, this task should be solved has provoked much controversy. It is mainly the question, whether centralised or decentralised sewage disposal systems are preferable from the ecological and economical point of view, that became a political issue during the last 5 years. The Institute for Water Quality and Waste Management was asked to elaborate a waste water management concept for the Lainsitz River Basin, a mainly rural area in the north of Austria discharging to the Elbe river. Both ecological and economical aspects should be considered. This paper presents the methodology that was applied and the criteria which were decisive for the selection of the final solution.

scholarly journals Qualitative perspectives of the North Carolina healthy food small retailer program among customers in participating stores located in food deserts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Haynes-Maslow ◽  
Stephanie B. Jilcott Pitts ◽  
Kathryn A. Boys ◽  
Jared T. McGuirt ◽  
Sheila Fleischhacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Food Deserts ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
The State ◽  
The North

Abstract Background The North Carolina Healthy Food Small Retailer Program (NC HFSRP) was established through a policy passed by the state legislature to provide funding for small food retailers located in food deserts with the goal of increasing access to and sales of healthy foods and beverages among local residents. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine perceptions of the NC HFSRP among store customers. Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with 29 customers from five NC HFSRP stores in food deserts across eastern NC. Interview questions were related to shoppers’ food and beverage purchases at NC HFSRP stores, whether they had noticed any in-store efforts to promote healthier foods and beverages, their suggestions for promoting healthier foods and beverages, their familiarity with and support of the NC HFSRP, and how their shopping and consumption habits had changed since implementation of the NC HFSRP. A codebook was developed based on deductive (from the interview guide questions) and inductive (emerged from the data) codes and operational definitions. Verbatim transcripts were double-coded and a thematic analysis was conducted based on code frequency, and depth of participant responses for each code. Results Although very few participants were aware of the NC HFSRP legislation, they recognized changes within the store. Customers noted that the provision of healthier foods and beverages in the store had encouraged them to make healthier purchase and consumption choices. When a description of the NC HFSRP was provided to them, all participants were supportive of the state-funded program. Participants discussed program benefits including improving food access in low-income and/or rural areas and making healthy choices easier for youth and for those most at risk of diet-related chronic diseases. Conclusions Findings can inform future healthy corner store initiatives in terms of framing a rationale for funding or policies by focusing on increased food access among vulnerable populations.

Systemic School Improvement Interventions in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
School Improvement ◽  
South African ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
North West ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The North ◽  
Improvement Interventions ◽  
Academic Review

Looking at two smaller-scale systemic school improvement projects implemented in selected district circuits in the North West and Eastern Cape by partnerships between government, JET Education Services, and private sector organisations, this book captures and reflects on the experiences of the practitioners involved. The Systemic School Improvement Model developed by JET to address an identified range of interconnected challenges at district, school, classroom and household level, is made up of seven components. In reflecting on what worked and what did not in the implementation of these different components, the different chapters set out some of the practical lessons learnt, which could be used to improve the design and implementation of similar education improvement projects. Many of the lessons in this field that remain under-recorded to date relate to the step-by-step processes followed, the relationship dynamics encountered at different levels of the education system, and the local realities confronting schools and districts in South Africa's rural areas. Drawing on field data that is often not available to researchers, the book endeavours to address this gap and record these lessons. It is not intended to provide an academic review of the systemic school improvement projects. It is presented rather to offer other development practitioners working to improve the quality of education in South African schools, an understanding of some of the real practical and logistical challenges that arise and how these may be resolved to take further school improvement projects forward at a wider district, provincial and national scale.

MORE ON THE QUESTION OF RURAL AREAS MULTIFUNCTIONALITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2397-2415
Author(s):  
A.I. Kostyaev ◽  
◽  
S.B. Letunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Specially Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
Market Perception ◽  
Market Consequences

The approaches of Russian and foreign scientists to studying rural areas multifunctionality differ significantly. Domestic researchers consider this problem from the standpoint of public goods in agricultural production, agricultural production diversification, rural population livelihoods, land use, and sustainable development of rural areas. In all cases, we are talking about implementation of functions within rural areas without raising the question of buying and selling their intangible attributes. In foreign publications, two pragmatic approaches are seen within the concept of multifunctionality. The first approach is the market perception of rural areas as consumer spaces. In this case, the intangible attributes of the territories (landscape, nature, heritage or culture) are considered as a sold and bought product. The second approach is an approach from the standpoint of protection against negative market consequences in international food trade. The non-productive functions of agriculture are taken into account in the WTO negotiations as non-trade factors. This helps to protect the agriculture of many countries from the destructive effects of foreign trade. The article proposes to move from staged studies of the issue of multifunctionality to a constructive consideration of the material and non-material potential for implementing the rural areas' production and non-production functions. The purpose of the study is to determine the material and non-material basis of rural areas multifunctionality using the example of the North-West of Russia. The objectives of the study are to establish the capabilities of rural areas to perform their functions of: a) the international, b) the federal, c) the regional and d) the local significance; and on the basis of the idea of multifunctionality, to determine the ways for creating consumer spaces in rural areas. The following methods were used: decomposition of goals, the index one, the monographic and the grouping method. We used the materials by: Rosstat, Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, Ministry of Culture of Russia. Municipal areas with the orientation of agricultural products to the international, federal and regional markets have been identified. The characteristic of intangible attributes - the carriers of non-production functions of rural areas for the international, federal, regional and local levels - was given. The objects of specially protected natural areas and objects of cultural heritage are considered in accordance with their level of importance. The sequence of forming the consumer spaces in rural areas has been established in the direction from defining a geographical image through creating an image to developing a brand.

scholarly journals (M.A. thesis) Migration schedules by age and characterization of migrants in the micro-regions of Goiás and the Federal District, 1975–1979 and 1986–1990

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto F. L. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The State ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The North ◽  
High Level

Title in Portuguese: Funções de migração por idade e caracterização de migrantes das microrregiões de Goiás e Distrito Federal, 1975-1979 e 1986-1990(Dissertação de Mestrado)(M.A. Thesis)Since the 70’s, the Brazilian Middle-West Region has experienced an important modernization process in agricultural and industrial activities, which has led to an employment retraction and migration flows, especially from rural areas to the major metropolitan cities of the region. In this research the focus of analysis are the State of Goiás and the Federal District, which encompasses Brasília, the capital of Brazil. In order to understand the new population configuration, the region was divided into four sub-areas (micro-region of Goiânia, micro-region of Entorno de Brasília, the Federal District, and a group of 16 micro-regions of Goiás) and the patterns of migration, by age and sex, were estimated for the periods 1975-1979 and 1986-1991. In addition, differences between native and migrant population of each sub-area, according to the participation in the labor force, income, education and type of migration were investigated. The analysis was performed on the basis of the 1980 and 1991 Brazilian Census data.In the intra-state migration, the fluxes between the micro-region of Goiânia and the 16 other micro-regions of Goiás, and between the Federal District and the micro-region of Entorno de Brasília were the most important. In the inter-state migration, the flux from the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and the North region to the 16 micro-regions of Goiás, as well as the flux from Northeast, Southeast and South to the Federal District were significant. But there was a decline in the migration to the Federal District, between 1975-1979 and 1986-1991, while, in the same period, the migration to the Entorno of Brasília increased.The chance of the migrant population in the micro-region of Goiânia and in the Federal District to have worked in the last 12 months prior to census interview was lower than that of the native population. However, those who migrated from the Federal District to the micro-region of Entorno de Brasília had higher chance to have worked in the formal sector than those who did not migrate. Migrants who moved from the micro-region of Entorno de Brasília and the 16 other micro-regions of Goiás to the micro-region of Goiânia had lower wages than the non-migrant population. The lowest level of wages was recorded for the migrants to the 16 other micro-regions of Goiás. Migrants living in the Federal District had high level of education, while those migrants living in the micro-region of Entorno de Brasília had low level of education.In 1986-1990, the micro-regions of Goiânia and Entorno de Brasília, as well as the 16 other micro-regions of Goiás, presented a high percentage of returned migrants. In the same period, a major proportion of migrants to the micro-region of Entorno de Brasília had first moved from Southeast or from the Federal District to others regions. In addition, there was a considerable proportion of migrants with low income who had moved from Northeast to the Federal District and then to the micro-region of the Entorno de Brasília.Future research could focus other areas or regions of Brazil, and could also explore the same kind of analysis, on the basis of the incoming 2000 Brazilian Census, which requires the development of new techniques, as it did not collect information on the city of previous residence, but only on the state of residence.

scholarly journals ACIDENTES COM TRATORES NAS REGIÕES BRASILEIRAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Isabela Oliveira Lima ◽  
Leonardo De Almeida Monteiro ◽  
Elivania Maria Sousa Nascimento ◽  
Rafaela Paula Melo ◽  
Mara Alice Maciel dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
The South ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighted ◽  
The North ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Inverse Distance ◽  
Agricultural Machines

ACIDENTES COM TRATORES NAS REGIÕES BRASILEIRAS   ISABELA OLIVEIRA LIMA1; LEONARDO DE ALMEIDA MONTEIRO2; ELIVANIA MARIA SOUSA NASCIMENTO3; RAFAELA PAULA MELO4 E MARA ALICE MACIEL DOS SANTOS5   [1] Doutoranda em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Bloco 804, s/n – Pici, cep:60455-760, Fortaleza - CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Professor Doutor, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Bloco 804, s/n - Pici, cep:60455-760, Fortaleza - CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3Doutoranda em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Bloco 804, s/n - Pici, cep:60455-760, Fortaleza - CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4Doutora em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Bloco 804, s/n - Pici, cep:60455-760, Fortaleza - CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5Mestre e Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Bloco 804, s/n - Pici, cep:60455-760, Fortaleza - CE, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]   RESUMO: Acidentes de trabalho no meio rural estão se tornando cada dia mais frequentes, e se faz necessário a identificação destes para que se possa implementar medidas preventivas. Em consonância a essa busca o presente trabalho objetivou-se a mapear acidentes com máquinas agrícolas sucedidos no Brasil no período de janeiro de 2013 a maio de 2016, usando técnicas de geoprocessamento para a confecção dos mapas. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de um compilado de informações de acidentes ocorridos no período. Foram desenvolvidos mapas pelo IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted), permitindo a identificação das áreas de maior e menor concentração de acidentes. Os dados analisados foram submetidos a uma verificação da dependência espacial das variáveis, pela análise geoestatística, segundo Yamamoto e Landim (2015). Os resultados demonstram uma maior concentração de acidentes na região Sul do país. As regiões Sul e Norte apresentaram médias de acidentes iguais a do território nacional. A menor média de acidentes foi na região Nordeste (1,2 acidentes/Estado). As regiões Sul, Sudeste, Centro oeste e Nordeste apresentaram como modelo efeito pepita puro (EPP), enquanto que a região Norte apresentou modelo exponencial. O uso de ferramentas de SIG mostrou-se eficiente para o mapeamento dos acidentes com tratores nas regiões brasileiras.   Palavras-chaves: Segurança, Prevenção, Georreferenciamento, Mecanização agrícola.   ACCIDENTS WITH TRACTORS IN THE BRAZILIAN REGIONS   ABSTRACT: Accidents at work in rural areas are becoming more frequent, and their identification is necessary so that preventive measures can be implemented. In line with this search, the present work aimed to map accidents with agricultural machines succeeded in Brazil from January 2013 to May 2016, using geoprocessing techniques to make maps. Data were obtained from a compilation of information on accidents occurring in the period. Maps were developed by IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted), allowing the identification of areas with the highest and lowest concentration of accidents. Os dados analisados foram submetidos a uma verificação da dependência espacial das variáveis, pela análise geoestatística, segundo Yamamoto e Landim (2015). The results show a higher concentration of accidents in the southern region of the country. The South and North regions had accident averages equal to the national territory. The lowest average of accidents was in the Northeast region (1.2 accidents / State). The South, Southeast, Midwest and Northeast regions presented as pure nugget effect (EPP) model, while the North region presented exponential model. The use of GIS tools proved to be efficient for the mapping of tractor accidents in the Brazilian regions.   Keywords: safety, prevention, georeferencing, agricultural mechanization.

scholarly journals Demographic Assessment of the Sustainability of Small and Medium-sized Cities in the Russian North

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 552-569
Author(s):  
Viktor V. Fauzer ◽  
Andrey V. Smirnov ◽  
Galina N. Fauzer
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The North ◽  
Demographic Dynamics ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Market Relations

Since the dissolution of the USSR and advent of market relations, small and medium-sized Russian cities have experienced many economic and social problems due to their peripheral status. At the same time, they form the main framework for the settlement of the northern territories. The research aims to reveal the importance of small and medium-sized cities in the set- tlement system of 13 regions of the Russian North by studying their demographic dynamics. We examined the hypothesis that the demographic sustainability of these cities depends on the time of their formation. A proposed methodology for assessing the demographic sustainability of cities is based on five groups: demographically sustainable, relatively sustainable, unsustainable, critically unsustainable, instability. Four periods of the formation of small and medium-sized cities are defined: colonisation of the Russian North (1584–1917); industrialisation and urbanisation of the northern territories (1918–1959); from coercion to encouragement — northern romance (1960–1989); from settlement to abandonment — depopulation (1990–2020). For each period, the cities were assessed in terms of their demographic sustainability. The current sustainability of the cities was shown to be dependent on the period of their formation. Compared with the rest of Russia, the structure of settlements in the North revealed both similarities (concentration of the population in large cities) and differences (the proportion of the population living in small and medium-sized cities is higher, but lower in rural areas). Future research will focus on developing a methodology for assessing the «saturation» of small and medium-sized cities in the Russian North.

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