scholarly journals Local and Systemic Up-regulation of TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 in Mice Intratracheally Inoculated with Porphyromonas gingivalis

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Pavlica ◽  
A. Nemec ◽  
A. Nemec-Svete ◽  
D. Eržen ◽  
D. A. Crossley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Sterile Phosphate Buffer

The objective of the study was to find whether a single intratracheal inoculation with live Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 influences local and systemic inflammatory and immune responses in mice.Twelve-week-old BALB/c mice were intratracheally inoculated with 2.9 × 109 CFU P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 diluted in 40 μl sterile phosphate buffer (treated group) or with sterile PBS (control group). The animals were sacrificed 2, 6, 24, 72 and 168 h after inoculation. TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and total protein concentrations were measured in the serum, lungs and kidneys. Six hours after P. gingivalis inoculation, TNFα concentration was significantly increased in serum (p = 0.02) and kidneys (p = 0.04), but in the lungs TNFα production was enhanced already 2 h (p < 0.0001) after inoculation, reaching the peak after 6 h (p < 0.0001). The IL-1β concentration was also significantly increased in serum after 2 h (p = 0.006), remaining significantly elevated up to 3 days (p ≤ 0.0001) after inoculation. In lungs IL-1β levels were significantly increased 6 and 24 h (p < 0.0001) and in kidneys 24 h (p < 0.0001) and 168 h (p = 0.01) after inoculation. The IL-6 concentration was significantly increased in serum after 72 and 168 h (p < 0.0001). However, IL-6 was significantly increased in lungs after 6 h (p < 0.0001), remaining elevated until 72 h and in kidneys 2 and 6 h (p < 0.0001) after inoculation. Significantly increased total protein concentration was detected in kidneys 6 and 24 h (p < 0.0001) after inoculation. These results suggest that a single intratracheal inoculation with P. gingivalis stimulates the local and systemic inflammatory and immune response, as shown by increased tissue and serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals The effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii Ncc533 (La1) on the balance of Th1/Th2 cells in BALB/c mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junli Yang ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Ruopeng Sun ◽  
Baomin Li
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactobacillus Johnsonii ◽  
Asthma Model ◽  
Ifn Γ

Purpose: To determine the effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii Ncc533 (La1) on Th1/Th2 balance, the production of IL-4 and IFN-γ by splenocytes was evaluated following its administration to mice from newborn to adult. Changes in IL-4 and IFN-γ expression and serum levels of OVA-specific-IgE were then investigated in an asthma model. Methods: Using flow cytometry (FCM) and ELISA, the percentage of IL-4 and IFN-γ expressing splenocytes and serum levels of OVA-specific-IgE were measured in different groups of mice. Results: The percentages of IL-4 and IFN-γ expressing splenocytes in the offspring and in the adults of the La1-treated group were not significantly different when compared with the water-treated group. In the asthma model, the percentages of IL-4 expressing cells and the serum levels of OVA-specific-IgE in the La1-treated and water-treated group were significantly increased compared with those in the control group. The percentage of IFN-γ expressing cells was significantly lower in the La1-treated and water-treated groups. The percentage of IL-4 expressing cells and the serum levels of OVA-specific-IgE in the La1-treated group were significantly lower compared with those in the water-treated group, whereas the percentage of IFN-γ expressing cells was significantly higher. Conclusion: Administration of La1 had no effect on the immune system from the neonate to the adult in the normal mice. It did, however, significantly alter the percentages of IL-4 or IFN-γ expressing CD4+ T lymphocytes in the asthma model, suggesting that administration of La1 might regulate the immune response.

scholarly journals Galectin-8 Modulates Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Genes in Bovine Neutrophils

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eboghoye Eluka-Okoludoh ◽  
Kingsley Ekwemalor ◽  
Sarah Adjei-Fremah ◽  
Bharath Mulakala ◽  
Mulumebet Worku
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Immune Response Genes ◽  
Bovine Neutrophils

Galectins (Gals) are a family of animal lectins that bind &beta;-galactosides through a carbohydrate recognition domain. Galectin-8 is a tandem-repeat galectin, secreted intracellularly and extracellularly. It is associated with neutrophil migration and has been studied as a possible therapeutic to combat inflammation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the translational and the transcriptional effects of recombinant Galectin-8 (rGal-8) on cow neutrophils. Blood was collected aseptically from Holstein-Friesian cows (n=10) from the North Carolina A&amp;T State University Dairy Unit. Neutrophils isolated were treated with rGal-8 (2&mu;g), or PBS (control) and were incubated at 37&deg;C, 5% CO2 for 1 hour. Supernatant from treated neutrophils was evaluated for total protein concentration, and galectin-8 secretion using bovine Galectin-8 Enzyme Linked-Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Total RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed, and RT-qPCR was performed using the RT&sup2; Profiler Cow Innate &amp; Adaptive Immune Responses Array with 84 genes. The Livak method was used to calculate transcript abundance and fold change (FC&gt;2 considered significant). Total protein concentration increased (P=0.0361) after rGal-8 treatment compared to the untreated control. Galectin-8 secretion was not significantly different in control compared to treated group (P=0.5819). Out of the 84 genes, 81 genes were differentially expressed in response to rGal-8; 14 up-regulated, 5 down-regulated, 61 genes remained unchanged. Treatment with rGal8 induced the expression of IRF7. The top five up-regulated genes include FAS, CD40, CD86, IFNGR1, STAT1; down-regulated genes were TLR9, CD14, CCR6, TICAM1, and TLR1. Selected genes were probed to validate fold change; the levels of gene expression were comparable to data from RT2 array. Exposure of bovine neutrophils to rGal-8 modified expression of immune response genes. The functional significance of the change needs further studies.

scholarly journals Ovary histology and quantification of hemolymph proteins of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)microplus treated with Melia azedarach

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Alessandra Dias de Sousa ◽  
Thiago Lopes Rocha ◽  
Simone Maria Teixeira Sabóia-Morais ◽  
Lígia Miranda Ferreira Borges
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Hemolymph Proteins

This study aimed to analyze ovary histology and quantify total protein in the hemolymph of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)microplus females treated with hexane extracts from green fruits of Melia azedarach. Eight engorged females were immersed in the extract at 0.25% concentration, and eight in water containing 5% acetone (control). The females were dissected 72 hours after treatment, and the ovaries were weighed and subjected to standard histological techniques. The total protein concentration was measured in the hemolymph of 200 females, of which 100 were treated as described above and 100 served as a control. In the treated group, ovary weight reduction and predominance of immature oocytes were observed. In addition, there were decreases in the diameters of the cytoplasm and germ vesicle of the oocytes in the treated group, compared with the controls. The protein concentration in the hemolymph was higher in the treated group than in the controls. The morphological changes observed in the treated ovaries included: presence of vacuolization; alteration of oocyte morphology, which changed from rounded to elongated; deformation of the chorion; and disorganization of the yolk granules. These results demonstrate the action ofM. azedarach fruit extracts on R.(B.) microplus oogenesis.

Effects of three methods of oral selenium-enriched yeast supplementation on blood components and growth in Holstein dairy calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mohrekesh ◽  
A. D. Foroozandeh Shahraki ◽  
G. R. Ghalamkari ◽  
H. Guyot
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Maternal Supplementation ◽  
Blood Characteristics

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of three methods of oral selenium-enriched yeast (Se-yeast) supplementation on the blood characteristics and growth of Holstein dairy calves. The three methods were: (1) maternal (dams supplemented with 0.3 mg Se per kg of dietary DM during 3 weeks pre-calving), (2) post-calving (calf starter enriched with 0.3 mg Se per kg of DM), and (3) maternal and post-calving Se-yeast supplementation. These three methods were compared with a control group (no supplementation). Maternal supplementation with Se-yeast successfully increased Se concentration in the colostrum and the serum of calves 24 h after calving (P &lt; 0.05). At day 56, the Se concentration in the blood of calves supplemented with Se-yeast pre- (maternal) or post-calving (via starter) was greater than the control group (P &lt; 0.05), but maternal plus post-calving supplementation was not more effective than either maternal or post-calving supplementation. Globulin and total protein concentration in the blood of calves at day 0 increased and albumins:globulins decreased with maternal supplementation (P &lt; 0.05), but these variables were similar for all treatments at day 56. Immunoglobulins in the blood of calves and colostrum were not affected by maternal Se-yeast supplementation. Maternal supplementation increased the concentration of urea in the blood of calves at 0 days (P &lt; 0.05), but not at 56 days. Calf birthweight was increased with maternal supplementation of Se-yeast (P &lt; 0.01), but growth to day 56 was not affected by the methods of Se supplementation. Maternal supplementation with Se-yeast may improve growth and health characteristics of calves at calving time.

scholarly journals Protective Roles of Kolaviron Extract from Garcinia kola Seeds against Isoniazid-induced Kidney Damage in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Oladayo Emmanuel Apalowo ◽  
Samson Eyone Musa ◽  
Funke Asaolu ◽  
Joseph Tosin Apata ◽  
Taiwo Oyedeji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Garcinia Kola

Background: Garcinia kola seeds have been observed to be medically important and kolaviron, a bioflavonoid obtained from the seeds was studied for its biological activities. The study investigated the protective effect of kolaviron extract obtained from the seed of Garcinia kola against isoniazid-induced kidney damage. Methodology: Kolaviron was extracted from fresh seeds of Garcinia kola (2 kg) using soxhlet extractor and partitioned with chloroform. Nephrotoxicity was induced in wistar rats by oral administration of isoniazid (20 mg/kg bwt) while kolaviron was administered on wistar rats an hour before isoniazid administration and lasted for 30 days. Protective effect of kolaviron was measured in the plasma of wistar rats by estimating the levels of key metabolites used as kidney biomarkers which are total protein, creatinine, urea and uric acid concentration. Results: The isoniazid-treated group showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in total protein concentration of 3.57 ± 0.12 (mg/dl) while there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in urea, uric acid and creatinine concentrations with values of 70.30 ± 4.77, 55.71 ± 11.15 and 18.04 ± 5.33 (mg/dl) respectively. However, kolaviron-treated group showed a remarkable increase (6.15 ± 0.96) in total protein concentration while urea, uric acid and creatinine concentrations significantly decreased to 45.25 ± 2.29, 35.60 ± 11.01 and 13.28 ± 4.41 (mg/dl) respectively. Conclusion: Kolaviron extract obtained from Garcinia kola seeds exhibited a remarkable protective effect against kidney damage caused by isoniazid by regulating renal biomarkers and preventing toxic affront of isoniazid. Thus, it may be relatively safe when used therapeutically at this dose in the treatment and management of diseases associated with kidney damage.

Determination of Total Protein Concentration in Solution Using Gold Electrode Modified with Silver Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Marcel Seumo Tchekwagep ◽  
Charles Péguy Nanseu-Njiki ◽  
Emmanuel Ngameni ◽  
Ravi Danielsson ◽  
Thomas Arnebrant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Gold Electrode ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Protein Concentration

Albumin fraction and measurement of total protein concentration

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (5) ◽  
pp. H1723-H1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Peterson ◽  
R. W. Tate
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Albumin Fraction ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Protein Assays

The standard curve of a typical colorimetric assay for total protein is often nonlinear and dependent on the albumin fraction of the protein standard. We developed a simple mathematical transformation to make the standard curve linear and a computational method to correct for differences in albumin concentrations among the samples. This method uses data from total protein assays on two sets of standards (albumin and gamma globulin) and provides accurate measures of total protein over the full range of albumin fractions. Comparison of this two-standard method with the a method that uses only albumin as a standard shows that this method prevents physiologically significant overestimations in total protein concentration and calculated protein osmotic pressure differences in the lungs.

scholarly journals Prolonged use of finasteride-induced gonadal sex steroids alterations, DNA damage and menstrual bleeding in women

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gadah Albasher ◽  
May Bin-Jumah ◽  
Saleh Alfarraj ◽  
Fatimah Al-Otibi ◽  
Nouf K. Al-Sultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding ◽  
Menstrual Bleeding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Adverse Health Effects

Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of prolonged use of finasteride on serum levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol (E2), progesterone, testosterone and androstenedione in women during the menstrual period. Further, to screen and compare the 5α-reductase activities through the expression of SRD5A1, SRD5A2 and AR gene and to determine the level of VEGF, VKOR and SAA gene expression and DNA damage. A total of 30 Saudi women aged between 25 and 35 years were enrolled in the study. The selected women were divided into two groups. The first group (n = 15) received 5 mg finasteride/day for prolonged period of one year and second group (n = 15) was taken as a healthy control. ELISA technique was used for measuring the serum levels of the targeted hormones, and Comet assay was used for checking the DNA integrity. Our findings revealed significant decrement of DHT, E2, progesterone and androstenedione levels and elevated levels of testosterone in group treated with daily oral doses of 5 mg finasteride/day compared with the control subjects. mRNA expression suggested that finasteride has concrete effects on the gene expression of the selected genes from the treated group in comparison with the control group. In addition, finasteride induced DNA damage, and heavy menstrual bleeding was noted in women treated with finasteride. In conclusion, the present findings revealed that finasteride has adverse health effects in women associated with gonadal sex steroids alterations, DNA damage and heavy menstrual bleeding with no consensus in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women.

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