Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 is an increasing cause of disease in people with no livestock contact in Denmark, 1999 to 2011

Livestock constitutes a potential reservoir of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates belonging to a recently derived lineage within clonal complex 398 (MRSA CC398-IIa). Since its discovery in the early 2000s, this lineage has become a major cause of human disease in Europe, posing a serious public health challenge in countries with intensive livestock production. To retrace the history of human colonisation and infection with MRSA CC398-IIa in Denmark, we conducted a nationwide, retrospective study of MRSA isolates collected from 1999 to 2011. Among 7,429 MRSA isolates screened, we identified 416 MRSA CC398-IIa isolates. Of these, 148 were from people with infections, including 51 from patients reporting no livestock exposure. The first cases of MRSA CC398-IIa infection in Denmark occurred in 2004. Subsequently, the incidence of MRSA CC398-IIa infection showed a linear annual increase of 66% from 2004 to 2011 (from 0.09 to 1.1 per 100,000 person-years). There were clear temporal and spatial relationships between MRSA CC398-IIa-infected patients with and without livestock exposure. These findings suggest substantial dissemination of MRSA CC398-IIa from livestock or livestock workers into the Danish community and underscore the need for strategies to control its spread both on and off the farm.

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Carios kelleyi (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae) Infected With Rickettsial Agents Documented Infesting Housing in Kansas, United States

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjab069 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Robyn M Nadolny ◽

Ashley C Kennedy ◽

James M Rodgers ◽

Zachary T Vincent ◽

Hannah Cornman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

United States ◽

Health Center ◽

Human Disease ◽

Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽

The United States ◽

Rickettsia Species ◽

History Of ◽

Tick Borne Disease ◽

Blood Meals

Abstract During September–December 2018, 25 live ticks were collected on-post at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in a home with a history of bat occupancy. Nine ticks were sent to the Army Public Health Center Tick-Borne Disease Laboratory and were identified as Carios kelleyi (Cooley and Kohls, 1941), a species that seldom bites humans but that may search for other sources of blood meals, including humans, when bats are removed from human dwellings. The ticks were tested for numerous agents of human disease. Rickettsia lusitaniae was identified by multilocus sequence typing to be present in two ticks, marking the first detection of this Rickettsia agent in the United States and in this species of tick. Two other Rickettsia spp. were also detected, including an endosymbiont previously associated with C. kelleyi and a possible novel Rickettsia species. The potential roles of C. kelleyi and bats in peridomestic Rickettsia transmission cycles warrant further investigation.

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Prevalent of Staphylococcus aureus from Sachet Waters Sold in Different Areas of Jos Terminus Market, Nigeria

Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.54987/jobimb.v9i2.616 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 40-42

Author(s):

Favour Barnabas ◽

Suzan Ukpa ◽

Uchejeso Obeta ◽

Eno Mantu ◽

Suzan Nduke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Quality Control ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Human Pathogen ◽

Community Settings ◽

Wide Range ◽

Public Health Challenge ◽

Water Companies ◽

Sachet Water

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that causes wide range of infectious diseases both in nosocomial and community settings. The Gram-positive pathogen possess virulence factors that facilitate it to establish infections in the hosts. When a “water for life” is contaminated with infectious bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus then, there may be public health challenge in the area. In this study Samples of Sachet water of different companies ware purchased, marked E, T, C and R and examined for the presence of staphylococcus aureus. Total of 80 sachet waters were examined and a prevalence rate of Staphylococcus aureus 5(25.00%) was recorded. The study revealed that sachet water (E) has the highest prevalence of 15.00%, followed by T (5%) and C (5%) and R had the least prevalence with 0.00%. It was discovered that a Prevalence rate of Abuja market terminus recorded 1(5.00%) while that of Ahmadu Bello way has the highest prevalence of 2(10.00%), Yan Taya market 1(5.00%) and railway 1(5.00%). This shows that S. aureus can be isolated from sachet waters. Though the sachet eaters had NAFDAC numbers, it is advisable to review and quality control such sachet water companies regularly because of Staphylococcus aureus and other public health infectious agants. The populace should equally be careful with the type of waters they drink.

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Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: toward a coordinated response to a continuing challenge

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/esm.05.03.00030-en ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 25-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M J Struelens ◽

O Denis

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Cross Infection ◽

Common Cause ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Health Challenge ◽

Health Care Institutions ◽

Public Health Challenge

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents a major public health challenge in many health care institutions worldwide. It is a common cause of outbreaks of cross infection and has become endemic in many regions where it adds to the morb

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Factors Associated With Hypertension among Adult Patients in Biratnagar

Tribhuvan University Journal ◽

10.3126/tuj.v33i1.28681 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 43-52

Author(s):

Saraswati Basnet

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Total Sample ◽

Health Challenge ◽

Control Research ◽

History Of ◽

Public Health Challenge ◽

Family History Of Hypertension

Hypertension: a major public health challenge worldwide and it is also considered as a major public health challenge, affects one billion persons worldwide. The aim of study was to identify risk factors of hypertension. Hospital based case-control research design was used for this study. The study was conducted at Koshi Zonal Hospital in Biratnagar. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used. The total sample size was 192. A semi- structure an interview schedule consisting semi-structured questionnaires were used to measure the risk factors of hypertension. The data was analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The finding of this study revealed that more than forty four percent cases and controls was age 40-50 years. Fifty six percent of cases and controls were male. About forty three percent of cases and thirty three percent of controls were overweight. Forty three percent of cases and nine percent of controls were past smoker. Seventy three percent of cases were alcoholic whereas only thirty four percent of cases were non alcoholic. Hypertension was no significant association with obesity, family history, smoking, alcoholism and exercise. Above results concluded that it can be association with obesity, family history of hypertension, smoking, and alcohol consumption and doing light exercise.

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Revisiting the Natural History of Chronic Scaphoid Nonunions: A Retrospective Study of 20 Cases

Journal of Wrist Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1721435 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

J. Terrence Jose Jerome

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Natural History ◽

Functional Outcome ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Scaphoid Nonunion ◽

Proximal Pole ◽

Degenerative Arthritis ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background The natural history of scaphoid nonunion is the development of degenerative arthritis. A lot of information is still unclear about this progression. The purpose of this study is to analyze patients with scaphoid nonunions who had not received any kind of treatment and to assess the functional outcome. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study that analyzed the patients with chronic scaphoid nonunions between 2009 and 2019. None of the patients received any treatment. The age at the time of injury, examination, pattern of fracture, types of scaphoid nonunion, symptoms, and duration of nonunion were noted. Diagnosis was confirmed by radiographs, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Scapholunate and radiolunate angles were recorded. Pain score, modified mayo wrist score, grip strength, range of movement, and the functional outcome of these scaphoid nonunions were analyzed. A statistical correlation between the scaphoid nonunion presentations and the functional outcome was assessed. Results The mean age of the patients was 62 years (range: 35–82 years.). There were 17 male and 3 female patients. There were 9 waist and 11 proximal pole scaphoid nonunions. The mean duration of scaphoid nonunion was 34 years (range: 10–62 years). None of the patients had avascular necrosis (AVN) of the proximal scaphoid. The age at examination, gender, side of injury, fracture pattern (waist/proximal pole), fracture displacement ≤ 1 mm or > 1 mm, nonunion duration, and radiographic arthritic parameters had no significant impact on the functional outcome. Conclusions Untreated chronic scaphoid nonunion leads to the development of degenerative arthritis over a period of years, which is still unpredictable. Most of the patients become aware of the nonunion following a precedent injury or other reasons. Most of the patients have fair/good functional outcome despite reduced range of movements and grip strength. Many do not favor surgical intervention in the course of nonunion. Chronic nonunions open a lot of unanswered questions. Clinical relevance There have been numerous studies on the treatment aspects of scaphoid nonunion, with little knowledge about certain people with nonunion who did not have any kind of treatment. The demographics, clinical findings, and radiological parameters do confirm the progression of these nonunion to arthritis, but most of them had fair-to-good outcome throughout their life. It opens our thinking about the real need of treatment in such nonunions and raises numerous questions about the disease. Level of evidence This is a Level IV study.

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Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among Vietnamese adults: prevalence, risk factors and antibiotic susceptibility profile

MedPharmRes ◽

10.32895/ump.mpr.2.2.21 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 21-31

Author(s):

Nguyen Phan ◽

Hien Pham ◽

Thuc Nguyen ◽

Hoai Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

High Rate ◽

Weight History ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

History Of ◽

Vietnamese Community

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has long been recognized as an important human pathogen causing many severe diseases. It is also a part of human normal flora with its ecological niche in the human anterior nares. This study focused on screening S. aureus nasal carriage in community and its relationship to human physiological and pathological factors which have not been studied in Vietnam previously. Two hundred and five volunteers in Ho Chi Minh City from 18 to 35 and over 59 years old both male and female participated in the study. Result showed that the prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage in southern Vietnamese community was relatively low, only 11.2% (23/205), much lower than that in other international reports on human S. aureus. In addition, nasal carriage of the older age group (> 59 years old, 13.7%) was higher than that of younger age (18-35 years old, 10.4%). Other potential risk factors such as gender, career, height, weight, history of antibiotic usage, daily nasal wash, use of nasal medication sprays, acne problems, smoking and nasal problems showed no significant impact on S. aureus carriage. The obtained S. aureus nasal isolates were all sensitive to vancomycin. Lincomycin and tetracycline had low resistance rate with 4.3 % and 17.4 %, respectively. However, the isolates showed particularly high rate of multidrug resistance (54.2%) In summary, our data provided researchers an overview on S. aureus nasal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility profile of the community- isolated S. aureus in Vietnam. This would serve as valuable information on assessing risk of community-acquired S. aureus infections.

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A Universe of Societies

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423045.003.0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Didier Debaise

Keyword(s):

Spatial Relations ◽

The Third ◽

The Status ◽

History Of ◽

Temporal And Spatial

Which kind of relation exists between a stone, a cloud, a dog, and a human? Is nature made of distinct domains and layers or does it form a vast unity from which all beings emerge? Refusing at once a reductionist, physicalist approach as well as a vitalistic one, Whitehead affirms that « everything is a society » This chapter consequently questions the status of different domains which together compose nature by employing the concept of society. The first part traces the history of this notion notably with reference to the two thinkers fundamental to Whitehead: Leibniz and Locke; the second part defines the temporal and spatial relations of societies; and the third explores the differences between physical, biological, and psychical forms of existence as well as their respective ways of relating to environments. The chapter thus tackles the status of nature and its domains.

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ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF СOVID-19, SARS-COV-2 VIRUS AND THE DISEASE

PEDIATRIA Journal named after G N SPERANSKY ◽

10.24110/0031-403x-2020-99-6-15-31 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (6) ◽

pp. 15-31

Author(s):

A.A. Korenkova ◽

◽

E.M. Mayorova ◽

V.V. Bahmetjev ◽

M.V. Tretyak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Herd Immunity ◽

Significant Problem ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Optimal Therapy ◽

The World ◽

Public Health Challenge ◽

Coronavirus Infection

The new coronavirus infection has posed a major public health challenge around the world, but new data on the disease raises more questions than answers. The lack of optimal therapy is a significant problem. The article examines the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the pathogenesis of COVID-19, special attention is paid to features of pathological processes and immune responses in children. COVID-19 leads to a wide diversity of negative outcomes, many of which can persist for at least months. Many of the consequences have yet to be identified. SARS-CoV-2 may provoke autoimmune reactions. Reinfection, herd immunity, vaccines and other prevention measures are also discussed in this review.

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