scholarly journals Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in young adults – a school-based bio-behavioural study in urban areas, Poland, 2012 to 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Czerwinski ◽  
Marta Niedzwiedzka-Stadnik ◽  
Anna Zielicka-Hardy ◽  
Anna Tomusiak ◽  
Malgorzata Sadkowska-Todys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Technical Schools ◽  
School Based ◽  
Study Population

Context and Aim One of the most common sexually transmitted pathogens disproportionately affecting young people is Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). This study aimed to assess prevalence of CT among sexually active students (aged 18–19 years) in their final years of high school education in Warsaw and Krakow. Methods: The sample was selected from 61 clusters, each cluster representing one school. We described city, sex, type of school and their association with CT prevalence. To account for non-responders we applied inverse probability weighting. Results: Our study population consisted of 3,136 young adults eligible for CT screening, of whom 2,326 reported having had sexual intercourse within past 12 months. Of the 950 students who agreed to be tested, 39 were infected with CT. Weighted prevalence of CT was 3.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.7–5.1); however, prevalence in the students in Warsaw (6.6%; 95% CI: 3.5–12.4) was six times higher (prevalence ratio (PR) = 5.9; 95% CI: 2.0–17.3) than in Krakow (1.1%; 95% CI: 0.5–2.6). In both settings, female students attending vocational-technical schools were most affected; the prevalence in this group was more than five times higher (PR = 5.2; 95% CI: 1.7–15.6) compared with female peers in high schools and more than three times higher (PR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.0–10.7) compared with male peers attending vocational-technical schools. Conclusion: Our study suggested prevalence of CT infection among young people in Poland comparable with the European average, supporting implementation of a CT control programme as recommended in international guidelines.

Infections/inflammation of the genital tract

2011 ◽  
pp. 1426-1428
Author(s):  
Franco Dondero ◽  
Francesco Lombardo
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Genital Apparatus ◽  
Urinary Infections

Sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs) are the primary cause of infections of the genital apparatus, and are an important cause of morbidity worldwide. These diseases diminished after the advent of antibiotics, but in the 1970s new sexual behaviour and use of non-protective contraceptive methods brought about a significant increase in genito-urinary infections, especially in young adults of fertile age. New diseases appeared alongside the classic infections syphilis, gonorrhoea, soft ulcers, venereal lymphogranuloma, and inguinal granuloma, and increased continuously in industrialised nations. Previously unknown pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis, genital Mycoplasma, and others came to the attention of andrologists, particularly because of often irreversible complications in the sexual and reproductive realm (1).

Reattendance and chlamydia retesting rates at 12 months among young people attending Australian general practice clinics 2007–10: a longitudinal study

Sexual Health ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma R. Weaver ◽  
Anna L. Bowring ◽  
Rebecca Guy ◽  
Caroline van Gemert ◽  
Jane S. Hocking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Negative Test ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Australian General Practice ◽  
Baseline Test ◽  
Pathology Data

Background Clinical guidelines commonly recommend annual chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) testing in young people. General practice (GP) clinics can play an important role in annual testing, as a high proportion of young people attend these clinics annually; however, little is known about the timing of attendance and testing in this setting. Methods: The Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Blood-Borne Viruses system extracted consultation and pathology data on 16–29-year-olds attending 25 GP clinics in 2007–10. We calculated the proportion of individuals with an initial negative test that reattended at 12 months (±3 months) and retested at 12 months (±3 months). Individuals with an initial positive test were excluded, as guidelines recommend retesting at 3 months. Results: Among 3852 individuals who had an initial negative test, 2201 (57.1%) reattended at ~12 months; reattendance was higher among females (60.8%) than males (44.1%; P < 0.001) and higher among 16–19-year-olds (64.2%) than 25–29-year-olds (50.8%; P < 0.001). Of 2201 individuals who reattended at 12 months, 377 had a chlamydia test (retesting rate of 9.8%); retesting was higher among females (10.8%) than males (6.1%; P < 0.01) and higher among 16–19-year-olds (13.3%) than 25–29-year-olds (7.5%; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Although over half of young people reattended their GP clinic ~1 year after a negative chlamydia baseline test, only 9.8% were retested at this visit. Strategies are needed to promote regular attendance and testing to both patients and clinicians.

scholarly journals Voices of Canadian and Mexican youth surrounded by violence: Learning experiences for peace-building citizenship

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Bickmore ◽  
Yomna Awad ◽  
Angelica Radjenovic
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Democratic Peace ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
School Based ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Mexican Schools

How do young people living in high-violence contexts express a sense of democratic agency and hope, and/or frustration and hopelessness, for handling various kinds of social and political conflict problems? The management of conflict is a core challenge and purpose of democracy, severely impeded by the isolation and distrust caused by violence. Publicly funded schools can be (but often are not) part of the solution to such challenges (Bickmore, 2014; Davies, 2011). This article is drawn from a larger on-going project probing the (mis)fit between young people’s lived citizenship and conflict experiences, and their school-based opportunities to develop democratic peace-building capacities, in non-affluent local contexts surrounded by violence, in an international comparative perspective. We report on focus group conversations with several small groups of students, ages 10–15, in two Canadian and four Mexican schools in marginalized urban areas. Diverse participating young people tended to have a stronger sense of agency and hope in relation to some kinds of conflicts (such as environmental pollution) compared to others (such as unemployment and insecure work or drug-gang violence). In general, they did not feel that their lived citizenship knowledge was much valued or built upon in school.

scholarly journals Chlamydia incidence in young people in England: results from a widespread screening programme

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
D S LaMontagne ◽  
K. A. Fenton ◽  
Sarah Randall ◽  
S Anderson ◽  
P Carter
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in England, and is also common in many European countries

scholarly journals The Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections Following First-Episode Schizophrenia Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Cohort Study of 220 545 Subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Sung Liang ◽  
Ya-Mei Bai ◽  
Ju-Wei Hsu ◽  
Kai-Lin Huang ◽  
Nai-Ying Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Abstract Young people are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The risk of STIs in young people following first-episode schizophrenia is unknown. This study using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database enrolled 44 109 adolescents and young adults with first-episode schizophrenia and 176 436 age- and sex-matched controls without schizophrenia from 2001 through 2009 and followed to the end of 2011. New-onset STIs were identified. Survival analysis was performed. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the effects of comorbid substance use disorder (SUD), schizophrenia medications, and schizophrenia severity. The E value for causality of evidence was calculated. We found that young people had a higher risk of STIs following first-episode schizophrenia compared with controls without schizophrenia (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.35, 95% CI = 2.08–2.64); these STIs included human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (3.70, 2.60–5.28) and syphilis (5.35, 3.96–7.23). They also showed a disproportionate distribution of STIs, with an increased proportion of syphilis (20.4% vs 8.2%) and HIV (9.1% vs 6.0%). When presenting with SUD, the risks of HIV (11.00, 7.02–17.25) and syphilis (9.11, 6.16–13.47) were further increased. The severe schizophrenia group had an extremely high risk of syphilis (41.26, 27.69–61.47) and HIV (7.50, 3.85–14.62). Schizophrenia medications may provide beneficial effects against contracting STIs (0.77, 0.68–0.89). We concluded that following first-episode schizophrenia, young patients are at higher risk of STIs, particularly HIV and syphilis. The risk further increased when subjects presented with SUD or severe schizophrenia. Importantly, antipsychotic treatment may lower the risk of STIs.

scholarly journals AN ECONOMIC MODEL OF SCHOOL-BASED BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS TO PREVENT SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Cooper ◽  
Jonathan Shepherd ◽  
Jo Picot ◽  
Jeremy Jones ◽  
Josephine Kavanagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
School Based ◽  
Life Years

Objectives: Reducing sexually transmitted infections (STI) and teenage pregnancy through effective health education is a high priority for health policy. Behavioral interventions which teach skills to practice safer sex may reduce the incidence of STIs. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of school-based behavioral interventions in young people.Methods: We developed an economic model to estimate the total number of STI cases averted, consequent gain in health related quality of life (HRQoL) and savings in medical costs, based on changes in sexual behavior. The parameters for the model were derived from a systematic literature search on the intervention effectiveness, epidemiology of STIs, sexual behavior and lifestyles, HRQoL and health service costs.Results: The costs of providing teacher-led and peer-led behavioral interventions were €5.16 and €18 per pupil, respectively. For a cohort of 1000 boys and 1000 girls aged 15 years, the model estimated that the behavioral interventions would avert two STI cases and save 0.35 Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). Compared to standard education, the incremental cost-effectiveness of the teacher-led and peer-led interventions was €24,268 and €96,938 per QALY gained, respectively.Conclusions: School-based behavioral interventions which provide information and teach young people sexual health skills can bring about improvements in knowledge and increased self-efficacy, though these may be limited in terms of impact on sexual behavior. There was uncertainty around the results due to the limited effect of the intervention on behavioral outcomes and paucity of data for other input parameters.

scholarly journals El perfil emprendedor en Paraguay, análisis de la población juvenil

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (26) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Ever Federico Villalba Benítez ◽  
Rolando Junior Ortega Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behavior ◽  
Prospective Design ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Youth Population

The article starts with the question of What are the characteristics of the entrepreneurial profile of the Paraguayan youth population? For this, the work was developed with a quantitative approach, descriptive and prospective design. 5,972 questionnaires were applied in a national survey to young people in urban areas, aged 15 to 29 years. The main results allow inferring that the profile of the study population is characterized by an intermediate development of the guidelines that make up entrepreneurial behavior, variables such as: setting goals and demanding efficiency and quality stand out. However, some guidelines are considered underdeveloped, such as the abilities to seek opportunities, take calculated risks, plan tasks and fulfill commitments, as well as the abilities to persuade and create networks of contacts.

scholarly journals The “damned of inclusion”, or the normalization of the discourses and social processes of criminalisation of young adults in Portugal: a complex set of social, legal and criminal disruptions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Branco ◽  
JOÃO Pedroso
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Low Income Families

Portugal, with circa 10 million inhabitants, has almost 800 young people, aged 16-24 years, serving prison sentences. The majority comes from low-income families living in sensitive urban areas of Lisbon and Oporto, with low levels of education, and many are Afro-Portuguese or come from African Portuguese-speaking countries. These young people are thus identified with the neighbourhoods where they live, portrayed as violent and problematic. The narratives from the actors of the justice system we interviewed suggest that such depiction results from a set of plural disruptions – social, legal, and institutional – leading to the selectivity and criminalisation of this group of young people. We thus call them the “damned of inclusion” since the plurality of exclusions affecting them hasn’t been addressed holistically by the social inclusion programs created in the last decades. Since these young men are “caught under the radar”, there seems to be a criminal reaction from the law, the judicial practices and the prison system – which turns into a normalizing response.

Risk of Depression in Adolescents and Young Adults with Rheumatic Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Anna Kostiukow ◽  
Wojciech Strzelecki ◽  
Mateusz W. Romanowski ◽  
Marta Rosołek ◽  
Ewa Mojs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Control Group

Introduction: The study is aimed at drawing the attention of the medical environment to the mental health aspects of young patients as a factor that significantly influences the efficiency of their rheumatic disease treatment. Aim: This paper is to check the risk of depression among a group of adolescents and young adults with rheumatic diseases. Material and Methods: The study was conducted among a group of 68 late adolescents and young adults (18-22 years old) with rheumatic diseases. The control group consisted of 102 young people (18-22 years old) without a diagnosed chronic disease. Risk of depression was measured using a screening tool – the Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS). Results: The analysis showed that the probability of depression in the study group was 35.3%. In the control group, this rate was 19.6%. The results were statistical significance (p=0.028). Conclusions: The results of this study prove that the risk of depression among adolescents and young adults with rheumatic diseases is significantly higher than in healthy young people. The highest risk of depression is related to feeling tired, fatigue, low energy levels and lack of motivation as well as feeling worried, nervous, panicky, tense, keyed-up and anxious.

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