scholarly journals A multilevel approach to understanding the resurgence and evolution of infectious syphilis in Western Europe

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Multilevel Approach ◽  
Western European ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Multifactorial Causation ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

Nearly eight years after an outbreak of infectious syphilis was first reported in Bristol, England, successive outbreaks have occurred in most western European countries. In this issue of Eurosurveillance we take a look at the recent resurgence and evolution of infectious syphilis in seven European countries in order to critically review our understanding of its epidemiology, and to examine opportunities for directing interventions in the near future. The papers also provide some insight into the multilevel, multifactorial causation of syphilis epidemics, and how this may be changing over time in the presence of preventive interventions.

scholarly journals The comparative triad "state-education-church" in Ukraine and some countries of Western Europe

2014 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Stockiy
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Christian Ethics ◽  
European Countries ◽  
State Education ◽  
Elective Course ◽  
Western European ◽  
Church Schools

The urgency of the topic is due to the lack of research on the problem of the school curriculum with regard to the special elective course "Fundamentals of Christian ethics", its curriculum, the professionalism of teachers, the role of students in education, certain religious uniqueness in polyconfessional Ukraine, and comparison with religious studies in public, private or church schools of some Western European countries.

scholarly journals How can national governance affect education quality in Western Europe?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Gerged ◽  
Mohamed Elheddad
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
The Body ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Western European

Purpose As the international society faces unprecedented challenges associated with resource scarcity, governance scandals, increasing injustice and inequality, new opportunities for higher education institutions are emerging. This paper aims to investigate the association between national governance standards and education quality across nine western European countries, namely, the UK, Germany, France, Finland, Norway, Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark and Ireland. Design/methodology/approach Using panel data from 2002 to 2017, this paper uses fixed-effects and random-effects models to examine the relationship between national governance (proxied by voice and accountability (V&A) indicator) and education quality (proxied by human development index: education index). This analysis is supplemented with conducting instrumental variable (IV) estimations to address any concerns regarding the expected occurrence of endogeneity problems. Findings The findings are suggestive of a significant and positive relationship between national governance and education quality in Europe. This implies that national governance standards, such as V&A, are essential actors in the enhancement of the quality of educational institutions’ outcomes. Research limitations/implications Policymakers should implement stricter regulations and ensure that accountability indicators are motivated if they wish to increase the spending on education, which is associated with better qualities of educational institutions. A culture of continuous review of education policies needs to be upheld in the Western Europe region to be watchful of any emerging problems while maintaining a sustainable relationship between the rule of law and the education administration. Originality/value So far, a minimal number of studies focussed on examining the role of country-level governance in advancing education quality. This study, therefore, extends the body of prior literature by investigating the possible effect of national governance structures on education quality across a sample of Western European countries.

scholarly journals Microsystematic revision of the populations of Abax parallelepipedus (Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783) occurring in central-western Europe (Coleoptera Carabidae)

2016 ◽  
pp. 3-32
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Zanella
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Abax Parallelepipedus ◽  
Western European ◽  
Form Features ◽  
Alpine Environments ◽  
European Populations

Morphological variation of central-western European populations of Abax parallelepipedus was studied in order to revise the microsystematics of this species. Original descriptions and systematic revisions published since the second half of the 18th century are discussed. Biometric variables and morphometric indexes were evaluated on 792 specimens sampled from several European countries. The data were statistically analysed in order to discriminate the populations significantly differentiated from the nominotypical form. Features of male genitalia are also discussed. The results attest that the morphological variation becomes more relevant among populations inhabiting alpine environments and the Italian ones show the most distinctive modifications of somatic and/or aedeagic traits. On the basis of these results, A. p. euganensis Schatzmayr, 1944 is resurrected from synonymy with A. p. inferior, whereas the following new synonymies are proposed:Abax parallelepipedus parallelepipedus (Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783) = A. p. subpunctatus (Dejean, 1828) syn. nov. = A. p. audouini (L. Dufour, 1851) syn. nov. = A. p. germanus Schauberger, 1927 syn. nov.Abax parallelepipedus inferior (Seidlitz, 1887) = A. p. alpigradus Schauberger, 1927 (sensu Schatzmayr, 1944) syn. nov.A phylogeographical scenario is hypothesized and discussed in the light of the collected data.

scholarly journals Electoral Cycles in Government Policy Making: Strategic Timing of Austerity Reform Measures in Western Europe

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Strobl ◽  
Hanna Bäck ◽  
Wolfgang C. Müller ◽  
Mariyana Angelova
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Leadership Change ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Electoral Cycles ◽  
Western European ◽  
Empirical Analyses

AbstractThis article investigates whether governing parties strategically time austerity policies to help them win re-election. It contributes to existing research by focusing directly on government policy output, analyzing over 1,200 welfare and taxation austerity measures in thirteen Western European countries over twenty years. In line with previous research, the authors find that governments become less likely to introduce austerity measures as elections approach. The study introduces original hypotheses about which governments have theabilityandopportunityto strategically time policy decisions. The authors suggest that minimal winning cabinets with leadership change (new prime ministers) face less complex bargaining environments and can credibly shift responsibility for austerity measures to the preceding government. The empirical analyses show that these governments are most likely to strategically time austerity policies.

State Policies toward Islam in Twenty Countries in Western Europe: The Accommodation of Islam Index

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serdar Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
State Policies ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Western European ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Regional Governments

AbstractThis study creates an index that reveals the extent to which Western European countries accommodate Islamic traditions and practices. The index covers six realms in which Muslim communities seek accommodation: (1) education, (2) chaplaincy services, (3) mosques, (4) cemeteries, (5) Islamic attire, and (6) halal food. The study examines and quantifies the state policies in twenty Western European countries on both national and municipal levels with a particular focus on actual implementation. Results indicate that Western European countries vary widely in terms of their accommodation of Islam. There are also notable within-country differences, due in part to regional governments, as they also make and/or implement policy decisions. Both between- and within-country variations in the accommodation of Islam reveal a variety of nuances, and blur dual categories, such as ethnic-civic and assimilationist-integrationist.

scholarly journals Effect of change of natural efficiency indicators for profitability of broiler chicken fattening

2012 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
István Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Western European ◽  
A Company ◽  
Efficiency Indicators ◽  
Over Time

I consider it important that the fattening of broiler producers in an economic sense to remain alive in the present difficult situation. This does not mean to me, that just does not generate a loss, but they do remain in their activities after income. Because if you do not have sufficient income in a given sector then the technology becomes obsolete over time and income deficit due to the possible improvements are still lagging behind, resulting in competitive disadvantages occur. The natural efficiency remains a priority, because fundamentally determine our competitiveness in the broiler production. In the present study, scenario analysis can prove the veracity of my claim, in point of the three most important natural efficiency indicators. The natural efficiency indicators of a company compared to the natural effectiveness of our country and the our competitions (Western-European countries).

scholarly journals Consequences of the Radicalization of Migration Policy In Western Europe: Socio-Economic Aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Maxim Kulaga
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Western European ◽  
Migration Crisis

The problem of regulating migration flows in the European Union has existed for a long time and is becomingmore difficult and complex every year. Due to the complexity of the distribution of migrants among the member countries of the organization, as well as the divergence of domestic interests of individual countries and the pan-European policy vector, internal opposition arises, which is expressed in protests and political initiatives that radicalize society. Such trends are developing especially actively in the countries of Western Europe, the most economically developed and progressive, which have taken over most of the legal migrants who have arrived. The migration policy of Western European countries has undergone a very strong metamorphosis over the past five years. Since the beginning of the migration crisis in 2015, it is possible to trace a significant strengthening and tightening of measures regulating the situation of migrants on the territory of states. It should be noted that during the same period, a new round of development of radical parties followed in many European countries, but it was in Western European countries that radical changes in politics took place. It is quite difficult to determine what impact migrants have on the state of the economy of states, as well as their relations with the indigenous inhabitants of Western European countries. Accordingly, the purpose of this article will be to consider the socio-economic impact of migrants on the countries of Western Europe during the period of radicalization of the policy of the states of the region in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Among the methods used in this study, it is necessary to distinguish empirical and theoretical ones, such as comparison, analysis and synthesis. The sources were considered on the basis of a system-structural approach to the study of complex political and social processes and phenomena, taking into account many aspects of the development of modern society and the political process in the countries. The analysis of the current situation was carried out on the basis of the principles of historicism, cultural and political continuity. The results of this study can be used in the future to form effective methods of countering social conflicts arising as a result of migration.

Institutional Development and Trade Development: A Case Study of India-ASEAN Bilateral Trade

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayengbam Lalit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Western European ◽  
Over Time

Early literatures show the importance of institutions with reference to European countries, where Renaissance age led the Western European countries to industrial revolution and hence intercontinental trade. At present, institutions in a country are the foundation on which all economic activity is built. The present paper deals with how institutional developments (for countries in this study) over time could lead to development of bilateral trade between India and ASEAN.

scholarly journals An insight into the sale of prescription drugs and medicine on the AlphaBay cryptomarket

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Morelato ◽  
Susana Medeiros Bozic ◽  
Damien Rhumorbarbe ◽  
Julian Broséus ◽  
Ludovic Staehli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Small Market ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Western European ◽  
Insight Into

Internet access has provided new ways to trade goods. Unlike conventional legal sale sites, cryptomarkets facilitate exchanges in a context where the anonymity of participants is warranted. The aim of this article was to obtain a better understanding of the trafficking of prescription drugs and medicine on the AlphaBay cryptomarket. The results showed that alprazolam, oxycodone, and Adderall were the most offered prescription drugs while alprazolam, diazepam, and oxycodone were the most sold substances. The sale was dominated by North America, Australia, and Western European countries. The revenue of prescription drugs was estimated to be more than US$65 million since the creation of AlphaBay, a small market in comparison with the worldwide legal pharmaceutical market’s estimate of US$1.3 trillion in 2020. Digital traces offer a complementary way to understand the trafficking of prescription drugs and medicine and to identify the most prolific vendors and their implication in this trafficking.

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