scholarly journals EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS OF TEACHING THE HOMELESS

Osvitolohiya ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Career Guidance ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Cultural Behavior ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Assistance ◽  
The Individual

Homelessness is a social phenomenon that manifests itself equally in Poland and all over the world. Despite the continuous development of civilization, homelessness does not decrease, but rather increases. When raising the issue of homelessness, one should keep in mind its complexity and the impossibility of unambiguous wording. No less difficult is the task of revealing the main cause that would help slow down the development of such a serious social problem. The article draws attention to the social phenomenon of homelessness not only from the standpoint of lack of permanent residence, but also considers the individual characteristics of the homeless, taking into consideration such issues as: individuality of emotions and personal tendencies, specific attitude to self-perception, attitude to the family, attitude to the life stabilization, the ability to solve existential problems, the specifics of cultural behavior. The author points out the social causes of homelessness, such as: certain factors related to addictions, personality disorders, disability, as well as serious diseases that require expensive treatment, social factors arising from family conflicts, educational institutions or rehabilitation centers, structural factors related to unemployment, poverty and housing problems. The author of the article admits that the percentage of education among homeless people will increase if society pays enough attention to the homeless, and provides the special assistance to this category of people. It is also emphasized that assistance to the homeless should be offered in the following areas: psychological assistance, which can clarify the reasons that led a person to a difficult life situation, social care — in order to return homeless people to normal functioning in the society; career guidance assistance: cooperation with the institutions that will find jobs for the homeless people.

What Makes a Hero? Theorising the Social Structuring of Heroism

Sociology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Frisk
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Structuring ◽  
The Relationship

The article discusses four dominant perspectives in the sociology of heroism: the study of great men; hero stories; heroic actions; and hero institutions. The discussion ties together heroism and fundamental sociological debates about the relationship between the individual and the social order; it elucidates the socio-psychological, cultural/ideational and socio-political structuring of heroism, which challenges the tendency to understand people, actions and events as naturally, or intrinsically, heroic; and it points to a theoretical trajectory within the literature, which has moved from very exclusive to more inclusive conceptualisations of a hero. After this discussion, the article examines three problematic areas in the sociology of heroism: the underlying masculine character of heroism; the presumed disappearance of the hero with modernisation; and the principal idea of heroism as a pro-social phenomenon. The article calls for a more self-conscious engagement with this legacy, which could stimulate dialogue across different areas of sociological research.

La sociologie de la religion en Grèce

1975 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Anastase Tzanimis
Keyword(s):  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Theological Thought

Sociology of religion has not developed in Greece as it has in the western countries. It is not easy to determine the reasons for the scarcity of studies and research projects con cerning sociology of religion. In fact, neither religion, taken as a universal social phenomenon, nor orthodox theological thought and its application to the individual and to the social, political and economic life of the Greek people have been sufficiently studied from a sociological point of view. Con temporary Greek sociologists have only touched on the subject of religion. Some effort has been made during the last decade by young Greek theologians to properly establish and develop the science of sociology of religion. This effort, however, has, so far, not brought about the anticipated scientific results. Moreover, it has failed to gain the confidence and acknow ledgement in theological and ecclesiastical circles where socio logy as a science is still generally regarded with much re servation. It should be noted that the development of sociology of religion in Greece was first prompted by various Christian — social movements for the purpose of opposing several anti- Christian ideological movements which have appeared since the beginning of our century.

Foreign Policy and the Social Construction of State Identity

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Kowert
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
State Level ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
State Identity ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Foreign policy analysis benefits from careful attention to state identity. After all, identity defines the field itself by making it possible to speak both of policies and of a domain that is foreign. For some scholars, identity has proven useful as a guide to agency and, in particular, to agent preferences. For others, identity has served as a guide to social or institutional structure. Theories of state identity can be divided into three categories: conditions internal to agents, social interactions among agents, and “ecological” encounters with a broader environment. Internal conditions refer to either processes or constraints that operate within the agent under consideration. In the case of the state, these may include domestic politics, the individual characteristics of citizens or other internal actors, and the collective attributes of these citizens or other actors. Although internal causes are not social at the state level, they nevertheless have social implications if they give rise to state identity, and they may themselves be social at a lower level. The social interactions of states themselves constitute a second source of identity, one that treats states as capable of interacting like persons. This approach essentially writes large social and psychological theories, replacing individuals with the state. Finally, the ecological setting or broader environment is a third possible source of identity. The environment may be material, ideational, or discursive, and treated as an objective or a subjective influence.

The Individual's Perceived Environment as an Antecedent of Academic Entrepreneurship: Multiple Case Studies of Thai University Researchers

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 57-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutti Sooampon ◽  
Barbara Igel
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Academic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Perceived Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study investigates the individual researcher's perceived environment as a pre-condition of entrepreneurship within the university. Our objective is to identify the micro-level antecedents that shape a university researcher's decision about whether to embark on an entrepreneurial venture. We conducted a series of both entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial case studies through in-depth interviews with six university researchers. The comparative case data generated inclusive descriptions of the social conditions surrounding the researchers and their individual characteristics as criteria for explaining their decisions on whether to become entrepreneurs. Our findings add to the macro-perspectives typically discussed, and advance knowledge of the entrepreneurial university by incorporating the individual's perceived environment as a micro-level condition for academic entrepreneurship. Drawing on the context of Thailand's emerging economy, in which social inequality exists alongside growth, our findings shed light on the university researcher's entrepreneurial role as a leader for social change through the commercialisation of science and technology research.

scholarly journals The attitude of students of psychology to the phenomenon of «death»

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Irina Litvinenko ◽  
Olga Tribuhina
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Psychological Help ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Field Of Vision ◽  
Psychological Assistance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge

Attitude of students-psychologists to the phenomenon of «death».The article discusses the attitude of students- psychologists to social phenomenon «death». The views of prominent personalities on this phenomenon are analyzed, it is emphasized that this event has a purely individual impact on the picture of the world, the life of any person.The importance of the attitude to death as an inevitable event in the training of future psychologists is emphasized. The effectiveness of the psychologist, in this particular type of work – psychological assistance to those who have experienced the loss-death of a loved one, depends not only on his knowledge, practical skills, competence, but also, perhaps primarily on his psychological readiness for this type of work, his attitude to the phenomenon of «death». Unfortunately, practice shows that among practicing psychologists, there is a group that refuses to work with clients who have survived the death of loved ones and offer to see another psychologist or their psychological help is not effective, but they are well versed in the appropriate amount of knowledge, practical skills on this issue. The reason is the topic of «death» for the psychologist itself, which is traumatic, and the term itself is too stressful. From this follows a clear mismatch between the huge demands of clients for this type of psychological care and the psychological readiness of the psychologist for this type of work. This problem is urgent, relevant, has great practical significance, its solution will provide better training of psychologists in providing quality psychological assistance to those who have experienced a crisis of loss – the death of a loved one, to meet the demand for this type of psychological services. It is this problem has become in our field of vision and led to the choice of research topic. We set a goal to investigate the attitude of student psychologists to the social phenomenon of «death» (personal aspect). In the course of the study we conducted: psychodiagnostic techniques that showed a negative attitude towards death and fear of it. Which involves systematic, individual work and the formation of the most favorable for the individual attitude to the rubbish to its inevitability.

scholarly journals Affective symptoms subclinical level in adolescents

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
B. A. Dashieva ◽  
I. S. Karaush ◽  
I. E. Kupriyanova
Keyword(s):  
Negative Mood ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Subthreshold Depression ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Assistance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Correctional Schools

In the article the issues of detection and clinical signifcance of affective symptoms of preclinical level in adolescence are discussed. Affective symptoms of the preclinical level are frequently masked by personality or behavioral characteristics, puberty manifestations. Quite ofen such adolescents remain out of sight of specialists with a high need for adequate medical and psychological assistance. Te purpose of this study was to identify the subclinical level affective symptoms in different groups of adolescents (subthreshold depression) and to study its clinical features. Tere were examined 659 adolescents 7-17 years old. We used clinical, psychological (depression scale M. Kovak) and statistical metods. A group of adolescents with a risk of developing depression was identifed (35.7%): with a «above average» level of depression’s risk (26.6%), with a high level (7.9%) and high scores on particular scales (1.2%). Adolescents in secondary schools, compared to the pupils in correctional schools, had signifcantly higher indicators on the total score and «Negative mood» and «Angelonia» scales in the group with a high risk of depression. Te indicators of the «Interpersonal problems» scale were high in all groups of students. Adolescents from urban schools are at the greatest risk of developing depression compared to both rural adolescents and correctional school pupils. In 10.3% of the pupils, the individual signs of affective disorders were identifed that signifcantly affected the quality of functioning, which we regarded as persons with subthreshold depression. including 15.8% urban, 10.8% rural, and 6.3% teenagers with disabilities. Tis group needs a dynamic observation and carrying out preventive measures with the obligatory involvement of the social environment — parents and teachers.

scholarly journals Is Trauma a Social Phenomenon That Leads to Gang Involvement?

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Leksen
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Youth Gang ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Gang Involvement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Need For Support ◽  
Life Path ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Societal Responsibility

This paper examines the effects of trauma on youth gang involvement. It focuses on the repercussions that trauma can have on youth, which may result in them looking for like-minded adolescents who are in gangs. The need for support can stem from the reoccurring trauma that the individuals face at an early age and the gang can appear as a safe haven from their lives. This paper argues that the experiences of direct and indirect trauma can put these adolescents on a different life path compared to their peers. Youth need to be actively supported in their families and in the education system in order to succeed. The way society reacts and responds to adolescents who are experiencing trauma will set the tone on how they develop in the future. These youth should be seen as a societal responsibility, and when they are left behind or fall through the cracks of certain social institutions, it should be seen as a failure by the social system and not the individual being seen as a failure. Because of these failures, trauma is a social phenomenon that can lead to youth gang involvement.

scholarly journals Teacher’s burnout syndrome: the phenomenology of the process

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Bulatevych
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Psychological Assistance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Emotional Burnout

Abstract Introduction. The article is devoted to the phenomenology of burnout symptoms among teachers and determining their individual characteristics. Aim. The aim was to study the phenomenology of the burnout process among teachers and to define its individual determinants. Material and methods. The theoretical basis for the study was a burnout model described by V.V. Boyko considering the burnout as a mechanism of psychological protection of personality in response to the traumatic circumstances of the environment. The following diagnostic tools were used: the Boyko’s Emotional Burnout Inventory, the Inventory on behavior and experience in the working environment by W. Schaarschmidt and A. Fischer and the individual-typological questionnaire by L.Sobchik. In order to calculate and evaluate the results, methods of mathematical statistics were applied. Results. The results of polling 132 teachers show that more than one third of working teachers show prominent features of high level burnout. This is combined with a number of personality traits and features of behavior, and with an emotional response of the teacher to the circumstances of the working environment, what suggests the need for the development and systematic implementation of prevention programs and correction of burnout among working teachers. Conclusions. A significant part of the surveyed teachers show signs of burnout expressed at a significant level. Thus, the problem of psychological assistance and psychological support for working teachers remains relevant and requires the search for effective technologies and techniques for providing psychological assistance.

scholarly journals Can Social Support Overcome the Individual and Structural Challenges of Being a Sex Offender? Assessing the Social Support-Recidivism Link

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly R. Kras
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Partner Support ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Parole Officer ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sex Offense ◽  
Depth Interviews

Social support is important for individual’s successful reentry; however, little is known about how it operates or is influenced by individual and structural factors. Understanding how social support matters for individuals convicted of a sex offense is especially important as they may have a different reentry experience due to the nature of their crime and post-conviction restrictions. This study examines the nature and effects of instrumental and expressive social support from family, friends, intimate partners, and parole officers on recidivism for a sample of men convicted of sex offenses using mixed methods. Results show that family, friend, and intimate partner support had no effects on recidivism, however participants reporting a positive relationship with their parole officer were more likely to return to prison. Qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews sheds light on how the nature of these relationships might explain the social support-recidivism link in a high stakes population.

scholarly journals Social integration of people with a migration background in Swiss sport clubs: A cross-level analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 101269022110229
Author(s):  
Matthias Buser ◽  
Jenny A Zwahlen ◽  
Torsten Schlesinger ◽  
Siegfried Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Migration Background ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Social Closure ◽  
Sport Clubs ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Individual

Sport clubs are considered an ideal setting for the social integration of people with a migration background. However, they can also be a place of social closure practices, where assimilative ideas and ethnic boundaries are present. Besides the individual characteristics of the members, adequate club organizational structures are relevant for preventing social closure and facilitating social integration. Thus, the role of organizational structures for social integration might differ between natives and people with a migration background. Based on data from 42 Swiss sport clubs and 780 sport club members, with and without a migration background, we analyzed individual (migration background and membership biography) and structural factors (situational, club goals, and club culture) using multilevel models and tested cross-level interactions between structural variables and migration background. The results reveal that membership biography (e.g. membership duration and volunteering) and migration background are relevant for social integration. The estimated cross-level effects reveal that, unlike for natives and second-generation people with a migration background, structural conditions are especially relevant for first-generation people with a migration background. For example, social integration increases with a higher proportion of people with a migration background in the club or a less assimilative club culture.

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