scholarly journals Can Social Support Overcome the Individual and Structural Challenges of Being a Sex Offender? Assessing the Social Support-Recidivism Link

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly R. Kras
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Partner Support ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Parole Officer ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sex Offense ◽  
Depth Interviews

Social support is important for individual’s successful reentry; however, little is known about how it operates or is influenced by individual and structural factors. Understanding how social support matters for individuals convicted of a sex offense is especially important as they may have a different reentry experience due to the nature of their crime and post-conviction restrictions. This study examines the nature and effects of instrumental and expressive social support from family, friends, intimate partners, and parole officers on recidivism for a sample of men convicted of sex offenses using mixed methods. Results show that family, friend, and intimate partner support had no effects on recidivism, however participants reporting a positive relationship with their parole officer were more likely to return to prison. Qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews sheds light on how the nature of these relationships might explain the social support-recidivism link in a high stakes population.

Dangerous vulnerability: Simultaneous prohibition and coercion in Palestinian-Israeli single mothers’ relationships with men

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110514
Author(s):  
Einat Lavee ◽  
Tal Meler ◽  
Madlen Shamshoum
Keyword(s):  
Single Mothers ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Women Migrants ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Domestic Affairs ◽  
Depth Interviews

The objective of this study is to broaden understanding of how vulnerability is shaped more by social, cultural, and religious institutions than by individual life circumstances, exploring the case of Palestinian-Israeli single mothers’ relationships with men. Research often determines the vulnerability of a group, such as women migrants from an ethnic minority, by specific demographic characteristics. This common assumption has been challenged by calls to understand vulnerability as social processes intersecting with the action of the state and other social institutions. The study provides a nuanced examination of the social processes through which Palestinian-Israeli single mothers are simultaneously forbidden from and coerced into having relationships with men, drawing on a systematic analysis of data from semi-structured, in-depth interviews of 36 Palestinian-Israeli single mothers. The analysis exposed several mechanisms which forbid single mothers from having relationships with men, alongside mechanisms that permit, often even coerce, such relationships. These mechanisms are embedded in interrelated structural factors—massive differences in gender power relations, vast gender economic disparities, inability of most single mothers to support their families independently, and state policy of non-intervention in domestic affairs of ethnic minorities, and create a state of “dangerous vulnerability.”

The Individual's Perceived Environment as an Antecedent of Academic Entrepreneurship: Multiple Case Studies of Thai University Researchers

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 57-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutti Sooampon ◽  
Barbara Igel
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Academic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Perceived Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study investigates the individual researcher's perceived environment as a pre-condition of entrepreneurship within the university. Our objective is to identify the micro-level antecedents that shape a university researcher's decision about whether to embark on an entrepreneurial venture. We conducted a series of both entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial case studies through in-depth interviews with six university researchers. The comparative case data generated inclusive descriptions of the social conditions surrounding the researchers and their individual characteristics as criteria for explaining their decisions on whether to become entrepreneurs. Our findings add to the macro-perspectives typically discussed, and advance knowledge of the entrepreneurial university by incorporating the individual's perceived environment as a micro-level condition for academic entrepreneurship. Drawing on the context of Thailand's emerging economy, in which social inequality exists alongside growth, our findings shed light on the university researcher's entrepreneurial role as a leader for social change through the commercialisation of science and technology research.

scholarly journals Evaluating Restorative Justice Circles of Support and Accountability: Can Social Support Overcome Structural Barriers?

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Northcutt Bohmert ◽  
Grant Duwe ◽  
Natalie Kroovand Hipple
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Offender Reentry ◽  
Instrumental Social Support ◽  
Reducing Recidivism ◽  
Depth Interviews

In a climate in which stigmatic shaming is increasing for sex offenders as they leave prison, restorative justice practices have emerged as a promising approach to sex offender reentry success and have been shown to reduce recidivism. Criminologists and restorative justice advocates believe that providing ex-offenders with social support that they may not otherwise have is crucial to reducing recidivism. This case study describes the expressive and instrumental social support required and received, and its relationship to key outcomes, by sex offenders who participated in Circles of Support and Accountability (COSAs), a restorative justice, reentry program in Minnesota. In-depth interviews with re-entering sex offenders and program volunteers revealed that 75% of offenders reported weak to moderate levels of social support leaving prison, 70% reported receiving instrumental support in COSAs, and 100% reported receiving expressive support. Findings inform work on social support, structural barriers, and restorative justice programming during sex offender reentry.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF SOCIAL COMMERCE CONSTRUCTS, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND TRUST IN COMMUNITY ON SOCIAL COMMERCE ACTIVITIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Amir Hidayatulloh
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Social Commerce ◽  
The Social ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The Individual

This study  aims  to  analyze  social  commerce  constructs, social  support,  and  individual  trust in the  community   in   social   commerce   activities.   Social   support   includes   emotional   support  and informational  support.  The population  was  social  media  users, while  the  samples were  social media users who had made purchase at least two transactions through social media. The sampling technique was convenience sampling. Totally, 162 respondents were involved. Hypothesis testing was  done using  Warp PLS. This study  reveals that individual  trust in  the community  can be built directly  through  the social  commerce  constructs. These  constructs affects both  emotional  support and information support, in which they will ultimately affect the individual trust in the community. Furthermore,  social  commerce  intention  is influenced  by  individual  trust in  the community  and emotional  support.  However,  information  support does not  affect  the social commerce  intention.

Social Support, Burnout Syndrome and Occupational Exhaustion among Mexican Traffic Police Agents

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Aranda Beltrán ◽  
Manuel Pando Moreno ◽  
José G. Salazar Estrada ◽  
Teresa M. Torres López ◽  
María Guadalupe Aldrete Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Traffic Police ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Social ◽  
Work Shifts ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Individual

The consequences of work-related stress on health are worrisome, and by the same token, so is Burnout Syndrome. However, it has been shown that social support can prevent, reduce or even combat individuals' responses to stress.A descriptive, transverse study was carried out with the objective of determining the prevalence of both Burnout Syndrome and receiving social support for traffic police in Mexico. 875 traffic police participated in the study, men and women alike, from all work shifts, day and night. Three questionnaires were administered: one to record sociodemographic and professional data, as well as the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the modified Diaz Veiga Social Resources Inventory. Our data analysis obtained frequencies and percentages and also identified associations between the study's variables.The prevalence of Burnout Syndrome was found to be 54.9% among the study's participants. The social support networks designated as “low or poor” were shown to be associated with Burnout Syndrome, with p values less than .05, an odds ratio (OR) greater than 1 and a confidence interval that did not include the number one.In spite of the strong network of social support reported by participants, it seems that those social effects were not strong enough to combat Burnout Syndrome, and some resolution strategy ought to be implemented at the individual, group and organizational levels.

scholarly journals Conceptualisation of the pandemic situation by the recovered people

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Irina O. Kuvaeva ◽  
Alexandra M. Strelnikova
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Ways Of Coping ◽  
The Social ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Coping

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of the pandemic and coping behaviour. Two groups of participants are the following – the recovered respondents (n=57) and those who have not had a new coronavirus infection (n=57). The concept of the pandemic in psychological interpretation is a mental model that reflects objectified and subjective-evaluative characteristics and affects the choice of copings in a specific difficult situation. Based on the expert work, the relevant objectified and subjective-evaluative characteristics of the pandemic concept were identified. The conceptualisation of the pandemic is diagnosed using a directed associative experiment (the stimulus included the word “pandemic”), the pictographic technique and the “Ways of Coping Questionnare” by Richard S. Lazarus and Susan Kleppner Folkman. It was revealed that youth understood the pandemic as a global restriction caused by a viral disease, accompanied by negative emotions and coping by individual means of protection/distancing. The recovered participants considered the pandemic as a long viral disease a person suffers in isolation accompanied by fear, horror, loneliness, fatigue. Women who had been ill conceptualised the pandemic in emotionally-coloured characteristics and more often searched the social support than men (p=0.036). Men interpreted the pandemic as a widespread treasonous disease. The resource of the individual protective equipment, positive rethinking and social support in overcoming a specific difficult situation (the COVID-19 pandemic) is shown.

scholarly journals EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS OF TEACHING THE HOMELESS

Osvitolohiya ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Career Guidance ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Cultural Behavior ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Assistance ◽  
The Individual

Homelessness is a social phenomenon that manifests itself equally in Poland and all over the world. Despite the continuous development of civilization, homelessness does not decrease, but rather increases. When raising the issue of homelessness, one should keep in mind its complexity and the impossibility of unambiguous wording. No less difficult is the task of revealing the main cause that would help slow down the development of such a serious social problem. The article draws attention to the social phenomenon of homelessness not only from the standpoint of lack of permanent residence, but also considers the individual characteristics of the homeless, taking into consideration such issues as: individuality of emotions and personal tendencies, specific attitude to self-perception, attitude to the family, attitude to the life stabilization, the ability to solve existential problems, the specifics of cultural behavior. The author points out the social causes of homelessness, such as: certain factors related to addictions, personality disorders, disability, as well as serious diseases that require expensive treatment, social factors arising from family conflicts, educational institutions or rehabilitation centers, structural factors related to unemployment, poverty and housing problems. The author of the article admits that the percentage of education among homeless people will increase if society pays enough attention to the homeless, and provides the special assistance to this category of people. It is also emphasized that assistance to the homeless should be offered in the following areas: psychological assistance, which can clarify the reasons that led a person to a difficult life situation, social care — in order to return homeless people to normal functioning in the society; career guidance assistance: cooperation with the institutions that will find jobs for the homeless people.

scholarly journals Meanings and dimensions of cancer by sick people - a structural analysis of social representations

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Wakiuchi ◽  
Denize Cristina de Oliveira ◽  
Sonia Silva Marcon ◽  
Magda Lúcia Felix de Oliveira ◽  
Catarina Aparecida Sales
Keyword(s):  
Social Care ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Chemotherapy Treatment ◽  
Sick People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Objective: To describe the contents and structure of the social representation of cancer. Method: A qualitative study based on the Theory of Social Representations, carried out in a High Complexity Care Unit in Oncology. Data collection included a socio-occupational and clinical characterization questionnaire and free evocations form from 100 cancer patients in chemotherapy treatment and in-depth interviews with 29 of them. The analysis was performed using EVOC software. Results: One hundred (100) patients participated in the study. The social representation of cancer has the words normal, difficult disease, death and fear in its central nucleus. The apparent ambivalence between the continuity of life and its finitude as structuring meanings of this representation enables establishing an inferential hypothesis that relates normal disease to the possibility of treatment, control and cure of cancer, while the fear of death remains in the representational field linked to the disease, which has a difficult treatment to cope with. Conclusion: The social representations of cancer based on the presented interrelationships provide reflections which may contribute to increasing the individual and social care of patients with malignant neoplasm and their family in health services.

Producing anti-regime protest news in a polarized and clientelistic media system: A frame building approach

Journalism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146488492110366
Author(s):  
Lindita Camaj
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Frame Building ◽  
System A ◽  
Media System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study examines media coverage of the 2019 anti-government protests in Montenegro. Based on 13 in-depth interviews and a quantitative content analysis, the data shed light on ways in which democratization struggles are manifested via protest framing in a polarized media system. This paper argues that media clientelism, as manifested through political parallelism and media instrumentalization, provides a better theoretical and analytical framework to understand not only the influence of structural factors that determine protest coverage, but also the role of ideology and journalism cultures embraced at the individual level. This framework is helpful to understand the role of media in democratic struggle not only in emerging and defective democracies, but also in increasingly polarizing societies in the West.

The Individual and Behavioral Factors of Social Entrepreneurs

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mine Afacan Fındıklı ◽  
Uğur Yozgat
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Entrepreneur ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Planning Capacity ◽  
Depth Interviews

This chapter introduces the concept of social entrepreneurs and claims that some individual and behavioral factors contribute to social entrepreneurship. In this point of view, the purpose of this study is to highlight the leading individual and behavioral factors of the social entrepreneur. While exploring the theoretical framework, the theoretical foundations of social entrepreneurship and leading personality and behavioral characteristics have been investigated. The research is based on in-depth interviews with four participants to get a better understanding of the individual and behavioral factors of social entrepreneurs. As a result, the in-depth interviews showed that the social entrepreneurial potential encompass entrepreneurial motivations and psychological, social, managerial competencies. These dimensions contain self-motivation, self-efficacy, risk-taking, purposeful and success-oriented, strategic planning capacity, innovation capacity, social capital capacity, leadership capacity, resilience, resistance to uncertainty, conflict management capacity, and political maneuver capacity.

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