Mimetische Inkorporierung am Beispiel taxidermischer Weltprojektionen

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-208
Author(s):  
Christiane Voss
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Knowledge Building ◽  
The 19Th Century

"Die Ablehnung der Mimesis, verstanden als ein Anspruch von Darstellungen auf Naturnachahmung, ist ein charakteristischer Grundzug moderner Ästhetik und Erkenntnistheorie seit dem Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts. Parallel dazu existieren zeitgleich im Raum wissensbildender Institutionen wie den Naturkundemuseen Dispositive, etwa die Habitat-Dioramen, die das traditionell mimetische Ideal auf kreative Weise aufrechterhalten. Diese vermeintlich anachronistischen Dispositive werden hinsichtlich ihrer mimesisproduktiven Dimensionen medienphilosophisch reflektiert und zu Adornos Mimesisverständnis ins Verhältnis gesetzt. The rejection of mimesis, understood as a depiction’s claim on imitation of nature, has been a characteristic feature of modern aesthetics and epistemology since the end of the 19th century. At the same time, there are also dispositives, such as habitat dioramas, which creatively maintain the traditionally mimetic ideal in the space of knowledge-building institutions such as museums of natural science. These supposedly anachronistic dispositions are reflected in media-philosophical terms with regard to their dimensions of mimesis production and are related to Adorno’s understanding of mimesis. "

Sprachwissenschaft, Ästhetik und Naturforschung Der Goethe-Zeit

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 301-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergej A. Romaschko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Early Phases

Summary In the emergence of comparative grammar at the beginning of the 19th century, Sanskrit played a crucial role. The manner in which Friedrich Schlegel (1772–1829) characterized the grammatical structure of this language in his Ueber die Sprache und Weisheit der Indier of 1808 was of great importance for the early phases of development of Indo-European linguistics. As is shown in this paper, the characteristics attributed to Sanskrit derived not only from F. Schlegel’s romantic views on language and literature, but were also influenced by his general philosophical and natural-science views which largely reflected the intellectual climate of the late 18th and early 19th century in Germany. During this period biology, physiology, and comparative anatomy experienced rapid progress, and the ‘organic’ concept of nature they espoused provided cognitive models for other disciplines, notably philosophy (cf. Kant’s Kritik der Urteilskraft of 1790), aesthetics, poetics, and linguistics. These natural-science concepts proved particularly fruitful within the romantic movement; they convinced F. Schlegel to see in Sanskrit a language whose organization resembled most perfectly the ideal Ursprache of Indo-European.

scholarly journals Deconstructive approach in the presentation of botanical knowledge in educational materials for students

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 12020
Author(s):  
Olga Fedotova ◽  
Vladimir Latun
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Botanical Knowledge ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Botanical Illustrations ◽  
Science Information

The article discusses the latest trends in the field of presentation of natural science information for students, which have developed in the postmodern era. It is shown that botanical illustrations presented in postmodern alphabets do not reflect the morphological features of plants. When depicting plants, the author uses the technique of deconstructing images presented in ancient botanical atlases. Fragments of botanical illustrations are placed against the background of everyday scenes of the 19th century, including those of a fantasy nature. The structural components of the botanical educational book, its content and ironic author's comments are considered. The description of plants is pseudo-academic: the texts are surreal, they combine fiction and truth, fantasy and the specifics of the action. It is concluded that the irony of the comments does not contribute to the formation of the foundations of the natural science worldview.

scholarly journals Missionaries and Orientalists Studies of Chinese Islam- Before the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Alimu Tuoheti
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Religious People ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the 19th century, the development of natural science and the emergence of enlightenment gradually gave birth to social science in modern Europe. As Europe opened the door to China in the middle of the 19th century, Western academia began to pay attention to China, and Western theories and methods progressively entered China and were accepted by Chinese scholars. Most saliently, some Christian missionaries and Orientalists have completed more serious studies of Islam in China, and published several corresponding works and research results on this basis. During this period, those who studied Islam and Muslims in China could be divided into two categories. the Religious people, including Christian missionaries. and Scholars, including Orientalists. Subsequently, when Western missionaries entered China, they found the presence of a large Muslim group, so they began to study them and organize missionary work. Although this missionary activity proved unsuccessful in terms of the number of converts to Christianity, it maintains a certain positive significance regarding religious and cultural exchange, and cross-civilizational interaction. Documents recording the encounters between Christianity and Islam in China since modern times are scattered in journals such as Chinese Repository, The Chinese Recorder, Friends of Moslems, The Moslem World and China’s Millions.

scholarly journals Gotyk polski?

Politeja ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1(58)) ◽  
pp. 341-359
Author(s):  
Jan Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Science Culture ◽  
European Science ◽  
Individual Features ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Insight Into

Polish Gothic? Establishing Real and Imaginary Boundaries through Architecture in the II Half of the 19th Century Intensive development of national identities is a characteristic feature of the 19th century European science, culture and politics. In Poland this process was of great importance. Disintegration of the state and lack of its institutions resulted in even more determined attempts to define and divide what is “ours” from what is “foreign”. One of the most important ways of constructing this boundary was through architecture – its history and theory. In the second half of the 19th century more and more authors started to give their answers to the emerging question: are there any exceptional, individual features of Polish architecture? In this context I would like to investigate the concept of “Vistulian‑Baltic” style, which is interpreted by scholars as a first attempt to define Polish national style in architecture. Closer insight into 19th century narratives reveals how imaginary and real boundaries were established through architecture and its theory.

Ieskats latviešu valodas izloksnēs apzinātajos biezputru nosaukumos

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Brigita Bušmane ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Way

Porridge has long been one of the main dishes in the national diet. In the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, porridges were not only cooked on a daily basis on farms but more often (more frequently barley groats or potato-cooked groats) were associated with folk traditions and cooked at the end of each major work, such as sowing, cuts, threshing, finishing of linen plucking or a larger fabric. The names of some porridges form very broad thematic vocabulary groups. Their characteristic feature is semantic branching, i.e. the use of the same products, similarity in the way of cooking, their external features determine that the same word is used to describe different porridges. In the article, the names of porridge have been examined mainly from the semantic and areal points of view. Insights are provided into names that include a reference to the source product of the food and names that reveal an activity related to the preparation or use of the food. Several of the names considered cover smaller or larger areas (e. g. klecene, studzene, pļepene). The designation of the raw product is usually included in the first component resp. in the first part of the compound name for porridge (for example, miltu biezputra ‘flour porridge’, putraimbiezputra ‘groat porridge’, azbara biezputra ‘id.’). A reference to an activity carried out during the preparation of food may reveal its relationship to the food in question, either directly (e. g. kultene ‘stirred porridge’, karseknis ‘heated porridge’) or indirectly (e. g. šķeterene ‘twisted porridge’). The considered material also provides evidence of porridge names from the word-formational, morphological and phonetical points of view. For example, derivatives with the suffixes -en-, -in-, -nīc- (lecene, pankšene, biezine, kultenīca) are widespread, prefixal derivatives (papļepene, sakratene) and compounds (puspļepene) are found, the stem change (kratene, kratenis) is observed, the interchange of the consonants s and š (studzene, študzene) has been fixed.

Non-Russian Mythology and Folklore in the Volga Travelogue of the 19th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-155
Author(s):  
Lyudmila N. Sarbash ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Material Functions ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Volga Travelogue is a large layer of travel essays in the 19th-century Russian literature. This layer has not become a subject of special research in literature studies. The “journey along the Volga” is distinguished by the wide diversity of issues and themes it discusses: the economic and industrial activities of the region, its cultural and historical sights, the uniqueness of the Volga region in an ethnographic perspective – of the multifaceted “Volga region resident”. One of the structural components of the travelogue is the Volga mythology and folklore: historical-geographical and cultural-ethnic information is supplemented with legends of the ancient Volga, Russian and non- Russian (Tatar, Mordovian, German, Kalmyk) legends. Describing the “non-Russian Volga”, writers refer to the national aspects of the life of different nationalities, the most important archetypes of their consciousness. A characteristic feature of N.P. Bogolyubov’s travelogue The Volga from Tver to Astrakhan is the non-Russian word as a marker of cultural identity: it is invariably present in the description of national customs. Telling about the “Mordovian places” of the Volga region, Bogolyubov describes specific rituals associated with the birth of a baby and with burials. The Muslim as a different national and cultural tradition of the Volga region particularly attracts writers’ attention. M.I. Nevzorov, in his Journey to Kazan, Vyatka and Orenburg in 1800, tells about the spiritual and religious experience of the Tatar people: writes about the ontological constants, acquaints the reader with epigraphic culture representing Muslims’ existential ideas about people and the universe. S. Monastyrsky, in his Illustrated companion along the Volga, presents Tatar legends about the winged snake Jilantau, about the “Black Chamber” and the khan’s daughter. These legends express the religious and poetic ideas of the people. Telling about the local cultural and mythological tradition is a characteristic feature of the Russian travelogue: an autochthon is represented by its ethnocultural identity. Folklore material functions in structural parallels – multilingual sources: V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, in his travelogue The Great River: Pictures from the Life and Nature on the Volga, gives two – Russian and Mordovian – versions of the legend about “Polonyanka”, and notes the particular poetry of the non-Russian text. In the combination of various – Tatar, Russian, Kalmyk – cultural and national constants of the lower Volga. German characterology is particularly expressed. A German legend associated with biblical material about the history of the prophet Elijah’s wandering through the desert to Sarepta of Sidon is fixed in the travelogues of Ya.P. Kuchin, S. Monastyrsky, and A.P. Valueva. The legend conveys the historical “memory of the place” – the foundation of the Sarepta colony. In the travelogues of V. Sidorov, N. Bogolyubov, descriptions of Buddhist Kalmyks, with their way of life, khuruls and gelyungs, are supplemented with Kalmyk legends about the Bogdo-Ola mountain. Folklore and mythology as categories of a non-native cultural text complicate the artistic system of the travelogue and contribute to the poetic comprehension of the poly-ethnic and poly-confessional Volga region.

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