scholarly journals Accumulation of nutrients during the development of ‘Méndez’ avocado fruit

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Samuel Salazar-García ◽  
Arturo Álvarez-Bravo ◽  
Martha Elva Ibarra-Estrada ◽  
Adriana Mellado-Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Avocado Fruit

Balanced and timely nutrition is important to ensure the yield and quality of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit. This research was carried out in the cv. Méndez with the objectives of a) to describe the dynamics of fruit growth and the process of dry matter accumulation in mesocarp, b) to quantify the concentration and accumulation of nutrients in the mesocarp (pulp) during fruit development. In a commercial orchard with site-specif ic fertilization, 20 trees were selected and 30 summer flowering inflorescences per production cycle (2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17) were marked in each one. Five fruits per tree were randomly collected in f ive stages of development, from olive size to harvest, and the dry matter of the mesocarp and the concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and B in this tissue were quantif ied. The fruit required 300 days from anthesis to harvest. It showed accelerated growth in the f irst three stages of development (S-Olive, S-I and S-II) and lower growth in the last stage (S-III). Dry matter accumulation was constant during fruit development, although the largest accumulation occurred in S-III. In general, the concentration of nutrients in the mesocarp decreased with fruit development and its accumulation increased. The greatest fruit growth occurred in the f irst 185 post-anthesis days, when the mesocarp accumulated less than one-third of the total nutrients required until harvest. The results indicate the need to review how nutrients are supplied to the tree, to make sure they are adequately provided during fruit development.

scholarly journals NONLINEAR AGROMETEOROLOGICAL MODELS FOR ESTIMATING LYCHEE FRUIT GROWTH

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCAS EDUARDO DE OLIVEIRA APARECIDO ◽  
RAFAEL BIBIANO FERREIRA ◽  
GLAUCO DE SOUZA ROLIM ◽  
BIANCA SARZI DE SOUZA ◽  
PAULO SERGIO DE SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Meteorological Elements ◽  
Fruit Diameter

ABSTRACT The influence of climate on the development of lychee fruit is complex, but few studies have discussed the problem. We developed agrometeorological models for simulating the development of fruit fresh matter (FM), fruit dry matter (DM), fruit length (LE), fruit diameter (DI), fruit volume (VO), and fruit number per cluster (FN) of the “Bengal” lychee cultivar as functions of climatic conditions. We conducted three analyses: (a) the influence of mean meteorological elements on the rates of fruit growth, (b) estimation of fruit development by the agrometeorological models using sigmoidal adjustments, and (c) simulation of fruit development using multiple nonlinear regression of two meteorological elements to improve the accuracy. A rate of water deficit (WD) near 5 mm d-1 maximised FM, DM, LE, DI, and VO. Increases in potential evapotranspiration (PET), degree days (DD), and actual evapotranspiration (AET) were correlated with increases in VO and decreases in LE and NF. Models estimating fruit development indicated that the accumulation of WD, PET, AET, and DD had sigmoidal relationships with all variables of fruit growth except FN. FN decreased as WD, PET, AET, and DD increased. The adjusted multivariate models were accurate, with the largest error of 6.45 cm3 (VO). The best models were: FM = f(SWD, DD), LE = f(SAET, DD), DI = f(SWD, DD), VO = f(SWD, DD), and FN = f(SAET, WD).

scholarly journals Seasonal Partitioning of Leaf and Fruit Potassium and Fruit Dry Matter in French Prune Trees at Various Potassium Levels

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J.A. Niederholzer ◽  
R.M. Carlson ◽  
K. Uriu ◽  
N.H. Willits ◽  
J.P. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
High K

A study was undertaken to determine the seasonal dynamics of leaf and fruit K content and the influence of tree K status and fruit growth on leaf and fruit K accumulation rates in French prune (Prunus domestics L. cv. d'Agen). Mature trees in a commercial orchard were treated with various rates of K2 SO4. (O to ≈20 kg/tree) in the fall. Fruit dry weight yield per tree at harvest and fruit K content were higher for high-K trees, but fruit percent K (by dry weight) was ≈1.0% for all trees. Leaf scorch and subsequent abscission severely reduced the canopy of K-deficient trees. Significant positive linear relationships between leaf and fruit K accumulation rates existed for the periods of 28 Apr.-28 May (May) and 28 May-7 July (June). A significant negative linear relationship existed between these two criteria from 7 July-3 Aug. (July). May (0.237 mg K per fruit-day) and July (0.267 mg K per fruit-day) mean fruit K accumulation rates were similar, but both were significantly higher (P = 0.001) than those for June (0.140 mg K per fruit-day). Mean leaf K accumulation rates for May (- 0.007 mg K per leaf-day) and July (-0.010 mg K per leaf-day) were similar, but both were significantly (P = 0.001) less than for June (0.005 mg K per leaf-day). Potassium per fruit accumulation was highest in trees with highest K status. Periods of net leaf K efflux and influx did not precisely correlate with fruit growth stages measured by fruit dry weight. The period of lowest fruit K accumulation (28 May-7 July) coincided with the period of maximum dry matter accumulation by the kernel. After 7 July, all increases in fruit dry weight and K content were due to mesocarp growth.

Fruit Growth and Dry Matter Accumulation in Grapefruit During Periods of Water Withholding and After Reirrigation

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cohen ◽  
A Goell
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Fresh Weight

Changes in volume, fresh weight and dry matter (DM) contents were followed in fruits from girdled and non-girdled branches borne on regularly irrigated (RI) as well as water-stressed (S) trees. Water stress was imposed by withholding irrigation for various periods. The results indicate that, even during prolonged periods of drought, DM accumulation in fruits on S trees was only slightly impaired, even when fruit volume growth was reduced to zero or even to shrinkage. After irrigation was resumed, fruits from S trees grew faster than those from RI trees, indicating that some of the DM which had accumulated was available for volume growth. The possibility of using the rate of DM accumulation in the fruit as an indicator for the timing of irrigation is discussed.

Nitrogen and dry-matter accumulation in high lysine and normal varieties of barley

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Rhodes ◽  
G. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
High Lysine ◽  
Comparative Efficiency ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Normal Varieties ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

SUMMARYDry matter and Kjeldahl nitrogen estimations were made on the roots and shoots of the barley varieties Riso 1508, Hiproly and Maris Mink from the seedling stage to maturity under three nitrogen treatments. After heading, the shoots were further separated into ears and stems plus leaves. Total plant nitrogen uptake was greatest in the high lysine variety Riso 1508 and was associated with a greater production of dry matter. However, the proportion of total plant nitrogen and dry matter in the grain was highest in the variety Maris Mink and this effect increased with increasing nitrogen supply. The comparative efficiency of dry-matter production and nitrogen translocation of these varieties is discussed in relation to breeding barley of improved protein yield and quality.

scholarly journals Exceeding Potassium and Zinc Application Rate above Farmers Practiced Rate Improves Dry Matter Partitioning, Photosynthetic Attributes, Yield and Quality of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Dryland Condition

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Subhradip Bhattacharjee ◽  
V. M. Bhale ◽  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Sheilendra Kumar ◽  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Zinc Application ◽  
Photosynthetic Attributes

Aims: This field experiment was conducted to compare the combined application of different rates of potassium and zinc application against the standard farmers practised application rate based on dry matter distribution, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, sub stomatal C02 concentration, stomatal conductance, grain yield and quality attributes (protein and carbohydrate content and yield).  Place and Duration of Study: This short-term field trial was conducted on the Agronomy Research Farm of Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra, India on the Kharif (Post monsoon) season of 2016. Methodology: The experiment was conducted in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with two factors i.e., potassium and zinc, each having three levels. The experiment was replicated thrice. The three potassium levels were 30, 60 and 90 kg K2O ha-1 while the zinc was applied 20, 30 and 40 kg ZnSO4.7H2O ha-1 as three distinctive levels.  A short duration dwarf maize cultivar Ravi-81 was used for the experiment. Results: Perusal of experiment results confirmed that potassium and zinc have positive interaction even in short duration crop under dryland condition. The higher dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, photosynthetic attributes, yield, protein content, protein yield, and carbohydrate yield has been recorded with the application of potassium at a rate of 60 kg K2O ha-1 along with zinc application of 30 kg ZnSO4.7H2O ha-1 which has been found to be statistically superior over farmers adopted practice (30 kg K2O ha-1 along with zinc application of 20 kg ZnSO4.7H2O ha-1). Conclusion: Combined application of potassium and zinc has positive interaction on each other, and the increased rate is needed to meet the demand for short duration high yielding maize crop for enhanced growth, yield and quality attributes.

scholarly journals Effects of Mechanically Transplanting Methods and Planting Densities on Yield and Quality of Nanjing 2728 under Rice-Crayfish Continuous Production System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Zhi Dou ◽  
Yangyang Li ◽  
Halun Guo ◽  
Linrong Chen ◽  
Junliang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Net Assimilation

Rice–crayfish continuous production system offers high economic and ecology benefits, which developed rapidly in China. To investigate the effects of different mechanical transplanting methods and planting densities on rice yield and quality, Nanjing 2728 was used to determine rice growth performance under mechanically transplanted carpet seedling (MTCS) with equal row spacing (30 cm) at five spacings and mechanically transplanted pot seedling (MTPS) with wide and narrow rows (23 + 33 cm) at five spacings. The results showed that MTPS presented significantly higher rice yields than MTCS as more spikelets per panicle. Rice yields of both mechanical transplanting methods first increased and then reduced with decreasing planting density, and its highest value was obtained at 77.9 × 104 seedlings ha−1. Compared with MTCS at the same stage, rice tiller dynamics of MTPS first increased and then decreased. Additionally, its dry matter accumulation per stem at jointing, heading, and maturity stages, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, crop growth rate, and net assimilation rate were all significantly higher relative to MTCS. For each mechanical transplanting method, dry matter accumulation per panicle, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, crop growth rate, and net assimilation rate from the sowing to jointing stages declined with decreasing planting density, while dry matter accumulation per stem and net assimilation rate from the heading to maturity stages increased. Compared with MTCS, MTPS significantly improved rice milling and appearance quality, decreasing density was also beneficial to rice milling and appearance quality, while grain content of amylose and protein were not sensitive to both transplanting method and planting density. Consequently, MTPS with 13.8 cm plant spacing is a suitable mechanical transplanting method for Nanjing 2728 to obtain better yield and quality under rice–crayfish continuous production system.

scholarly journals Comparison of fruit morphology and nutrition metabolism in different cultivars of kiwifruit across developmental stages

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11538
Author(s):  
Yu-fei Li ◽  
Weijia Jiang ◽  
Chunhong Liu ◽  
Yuqi Fu ◽  
Ziyuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Shape Pattern

Kiwifruit (Actinidia) is becoming increasingly popular worldwide due to its favorable flavour and high vitamin C content. However, quality parameters vary among cultivars. To determine the differences in quality and metabolic parameters of kiwifruit, we monitored the growth processes of ‘Kuilv’ (Actinidia arguta), ‘Hongyang’ (Actinidia chinensis) and ‘Hayward’ (Actinidia deliciosa). We found that ‘Kuilv’ required the shortest time for fruit development, while ‘Hayward’ needed the longest time to mature. The fruit size of ‘Hayward’ was the largest and that of ‘Kuilv’ was the smallest. Furthermore, ‘Hongyang’ showed a double-S shape of dry matter accumulation, whereas ‘Kuilv’ and ‘Hayward’ showed a linear or single-S shape pattern of dry matter accumulation during development. The three cultivars demonstrated the same trend for total soluble solids accumulation, which did not rise rapidly until 90–120 days after anthesis. However, the accumulation of organic acids and soluble sugars varied among the cultivars. During later fruit development, the content of glucose, fructose and quinic acid in ‘Kuilv’ fruit was far lower than that in ‘Hongyang’ and ‘Hayward’. On the contrary, ‘Kuilv’ had the highest sucrose content among the three cultivars. At maturity, the antioxidative enzymatic systems were significantly different among the three kiwifruit cultivars. ‘Hongyang’ showed higher activities of superoxide dismutase than the other cultivars, while the catalase content of ‘Hayward’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Hongyang’ and ‘Kuilv’. These results provided knowledge that could be implemented for the marketing, handling and post-harvest technologies of the different kiwifruit cultivars.

Cytoplasmic sucrolytic activity controls tomato fruit growth under salinity

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
María E. Balibrea ◽  
Margarita Parra ◽  
María C. Bolarín ◽  
Francisco Pérez-Alfocea
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Sucrose Accumulation

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill cv. Volgogradskij) crop yield reduction under salinity is mainly due to a decrease in dry matter accumulation rate during the early fruit-growing period (15–35 days after anthesis, DAA). However, partial restoration of growth occurred during the late phase of fruit development (35–45 DAA). Salt stress provoked sucrose accumulation in both apoplastic and symplastic spaces of up to 15 mМ, as well as acidification and Na+ accumulation in the apoplast and a transient increase in starch content. According to the hypothesis stated, the decrease in apoplastic pH imposed by salinity caused a loss of insoluble acid invertase activity, which was associated with sucrose accumulation, and resulted in a limiting step for fruit growth under moderate and high salinities. As a consequence of sucrose accumulation in the symplast, cytoplasmic sucrolytic activity (neutral invertase + sucrose synthase) was induced. It acted as a metabolical adaptive response by regulating the sucrose homeostasis and controlling the assimilate import, dry matter accumulation and fruit growth under salt conditions. Although the compartmentation of the hexose excess into starch could be considered as another adaptive response, the key enzyme ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase does not seem to be important in the control of fruit growth under salinity conditions.

scholarly journals Models to estimate phytomass accumulation of hydroponic lettuce

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidinei José Lopes ◽  
Durval Dourado Neto ◽  
Paulo Augusto Manfron ◽  
Luís Renato Jasniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Matter Production

The protected and hydroponics cultivation are increasing in Brazil, demanding a better knowledge of crop performance in this environment. Plant dry matter accumulation as a function of solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity and other weather parameters in greenhouse is different when compared with field cultivation. With the purpose of proposing models to characterize the temporal variation of leaf and total dry matter production of hydroponics-grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and to determine the flowering period and the maximum dry matter accumulation rate as a function of plant relative development (relative degree-days), solar radiation and effective thermal index, two experiments (Spring and Autumn) were carried out in the greenhouse, at Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Growth and development models are useful in obtaining basic information on the plant <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> environment interactions, maximizing the use of resources in greenhouse, as well as, to define the best form of crop management. The cultivar Vera was chosen as function of its earliness. Models were proposed to estimate the temporal variation of dry matter accumulation, where the best results for relative development were obtained using effective degree-days, characterizing the importance of the air temperature for the vegetative phase and the solar radiation for the reproductive. The yield and quality of the lettuce seeds evidenced a high potential of hydroponics technique.

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