The SCREENING OF HERBICIDES FOR EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF WEEDS IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-266
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar ◽  
Muhammad Ather Nadeem ◽  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Amjed Ali ◽  
Nasir Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Moderate Relationship ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Little is known about best herbicidal weed option for weed eradication in soybean in agro-climatic circumstances of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. A two year field study was accomplished at College of Agriculture experimental site Sargodha in spring seasons of 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the efficacy of different herbicides adjacent to major weeds present in soybean. The study consisted of 8 herbicide treatments including two pre-emergence herbicides (pendimethalin at 489.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin + S-metolachlor at 731.1 g a.i. ha-1) which are applied immediately after sowing and six post-emergence herbicides (oxyfluorfen at 237.1 g a.i. ha-1, metribuzin at 518.7 g a.i. ha-1, quizalofop-p-ethyl at 148.2 g a.i. ha-1, acetochlor at 741 g a.i. ha-1, halosulfuron at 37 g a.i. ha-1and topramezone at 21.5 g a.iha-1) which were used 25 days subsequent to sowing. In contrast to control, all herbicides have shown significant decline in weed density (up to 94%) and dry weight (up to 88%); and caused significant increases in plant height (up to 85%), pod bearing branches (up to 77%), number of pods per plant (up to 83%), 100-seed weight (up to 37%) and seed yield (up to 160%) of soybean. Among herbicides, topramezone at 21.5 g a.i ha-1 gave significantly the highest (1234 and 1272 kg ha-1 in the year 2018 and 2019) seed yield of soybean and HEIs (1.28 and 1.03 in year 2018 and 2019, respectively). However, oxyfluorfen at 237.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin + S-metolachlor at 731.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin at 489.1 g a.i. ha-1, quizalofop-p-ethyl at 148.2 g a.i.ha-1 followed it. The regression analysis depicted a significant negative moderate relationship of soybean seed yield with weed dry weight (R2 = 0.7074), and pods per plant (R2 = 0.7012) was proved to be the main yield component responsible for higher yield of soybean.

Effect of seed treatment using Mancozeb and Ridomil fungicides on Rhizobium strain performance, nodulation and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Zerihun Getachew ◽  
Lejalem Abeble
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Specific Strain ◽  
Glycine Max L

The viability of commercial Rhizobium strains (SB-14 and SB-12) were inoculated and fungicides (Mancozeb and Ridomil) were used as seed dressed on soybean seed to investigate their effect on nodulation, plant growth and seed yield of soybean. Application of Rhizobial inoculants alone gave the highest nodulation and shoot dry weight performance as well as seed yield of soybean on both sites. SB-12 inoculant had significantly shown to be more effective than SB-14 inoculant in increasing nodulation and thus produced higher plant growth and seed yield. Rhizobial survival on the seeds was severely affected by both fungicides, resulting in decreased nodulation, plant growth and seed yield for both inoculants. However, Ridomil fungicide gave the lowest nodulation and seed yield when applied with either SB-12 or SB-14 Rhizobial strains. The strains differed in their sensitivity to Mancozeb fungicide that with strain SB-12 showed a slight effect or no effect on survival of rhizobium, nodulation and yield of soybean. Seed-dressing of mancozeb and ridomil resulted in reduction of seed yield by 882.8 kg ha-1 and 1154.7 kg ha-1, respectively with SB-12 strain. The present results indicate that inoculated Rhizobium inoculants differ in their capacity to develop resistance to the two dressed fungicides. Seed treatment with Mancozeb in combination with SB-12 strain slightly affected the survival of the inoculated strain. Consequently, mancozeb fungicide may be compatable with survival of the inoculated SB-12 Rhizobia. The results also indicate that the suppressive effects of seed-applied fungicides on Rhizobium strains survival and nodulation development depend on specific strain and fungicide. Soybean seeds inoculated with SB-12 may not need management with fungicides or lower concentration of Mancozeb that could be compatible with SB-12 to suppress soil-borne pathogens for both Assosa and Begi sites, western Ethiopia.

scholarly journals High Phosphorus Acquisition and Allocation Strategy Is Associated with Soybean Seed Yield under Water- and P-Limited Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Yun-Yin Feng ◽  
Jin He ◽  
Yi Jin ◽  
Feng-Min Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Water Treatments

Both water stress and P deficit limit soybean seed yield, but the effects of water regimes and P application rates, their interaction on P status, acquisition, and partitioning, and their roles in yield performance have not been well-studied. Two soybean genotypes (Huangsedadou (HD) and Zhonghuang 30 (ZH)) with contrasting seed yield and root dry weight (DW) were used to investigate the P status, P acquisition, P partitioning, and yield formation under two water regimes (well-watered (WW) and cyclic water stress (WS)) and three P rates (0 (P0), 60 (P60), and 120 (P120) mg P kg−1 dry soil). The results show that increased P and water supply increased the seed yield, shoot and root DW and P concentrations and accumulations in different organs. Cultivar ZH had a significantly higher seed yield than HD at P60 and P120 under WS and at P0 under WW, but a lower seed yield at P60 and P120 under WW. Cultivar ZH had a significantly higher P harvest index and P acquisition efficiency, but a significantly lower shoot and root DW than HD. The interaction between water treatments and P rates had significant effects on leaf and stem P concentration. Cultivar ZH had significantly lower P partitioning to leaves and stems but significantly higher P partitioning to seeds than HD. The seed yield was positively correlated with leaf and seed P accumulations and P acquisition efficiency under WS. We conclude that (1) adequate water supply improved the P mobilization from leaves and stems at maturity, which may have improved the seed yield; and (2) the high P acquisition efficiency is coordination to high P partition to seeds to produce a high seed yield under water- and P-limited conditions.

Interference and Seed Production by Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kent Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Common Lambsquarters

Multiple regression and response surface plots were used to analyze the effects of common lambsquarters population density and interference duration on weed growth and soybean seed yield. Under favorable growing conditions in 1986, weed biomass production at all population densities and interference durations was four to five times that produced in 1987, under less favorable conditions. However, there was no significant treatment by year interaction for soybean seed yield reduction by common lambsquarters, and production of each kg/ha weed biomass resulted in an average soybean yield reduction of 0.26 kg/ha. Utilizing 5% yield loss as an arbitrary threshold level, the regression equation predicted a common lambsquarters density threshold of 2 plants/m of row for 5 weeks of interference after crop emergence and 1 plant/m of row for 7 weeks. Seed production by individual common lambsquarters plants was highly correlated (r=0.92) with weed dry weight, and seed production ranged from 30 000 to 176 000 seeds/plant.

scholarly journals Simulated mesotrione drift followed by glyphosate, imazethapyr, bentazon or glyphosate plus chlorimuron in soybean

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
L. R. Brown ◽  
D. E. Robinson ◽  
K. Chandler ◽  
C. J. Swanton ◽  
R. E. Nurse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Herbicide Drift

There have been anecdotal accounts of increased crop sensitivity due to herbicide drift followed by an in-crop herbicide. An experiment was conducted from 2005 to 2007 at Elora, Ridgetown, and Woodstock, Ontario, to determine the effects of simulated mesotrione drift followed by in-crop applications of glyphosate, imazethapyr, bentazon and glyphosate plus chlorimuron on glyphosate-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] visual injury, plant height, plant density, shoot dry weight, and seed yield. As the rate of simulated mesotrione drift increased, there was an increase in soybean injury and a decrease in shoot dry weight, height, and yield. Simulated mesotrione drift followed by bentazon resulted in synergistic responses in injury shortly after application in some environments. This increase in injury was transient, with no synergistic responses in density, shoot dry weight, and yield. In contrast, antagonistic responses were observed when glyphosate, imazethapyr, or glyphosate plus chlorimuron were applied after simulated mesotrione drift in some environments. Further research is required to develop a better understanding of the interactions of drift followed by the application of an in-crop herbicide. Key words: Bentazon, chlorimuron, glyphosate, imazethapyr, mesotrione, synergism

EFFECTS OF FUMIGATION AND FERTILIZER ON GROWTH, YIELD, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND MYCORRHIZAE IN WHITE BEAN AND SOYBEAN

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. BUTTERY ◽  
S. J. PARK ◽  
W. I. FINDLAY ◽  
B. N. DHANVANTARI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Plant dry weight of samples taken during the 1984 growing season, and seed yield of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in 1986, increased with an increase in N fertilizer. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) did not respond to N level except for a depression of nodule weights with increase in fertilizer N, which also occurred in white bean. Soybean had a greater weight of nodules, which formed a higher proportion of plant dry weight than in white bean, especially at high N levels. Soil fumigation reduced nodule weights of both species at 38 d after seeding (DAS) and of soybean at 64 DAS. Fumigation also reduced vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) in both species. Fumigation lowered P concentration in leaf tissue of both species in −PK plots but not in +PK plots. Fumigation increased seed yield in +PK plots, but lowered yield in −PK plots. Reduction of competition from other soil micro-organisms by fumigation did not improve nodulation. The effects of fumigation on yield could be explained by destruction of the VAM, which were beneficial in −PK plots (by aiding uptake of P), but were not beneficial in +PK plots.Key words: Soybean, bean (white, common), nitrogen, phosphorus, mycorrhiza, nodulation

scholarly journals IMPACT OF WEEDS TO SUNFLOWER UNDER ZERO TILLAGE AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Alternative Site

In order to investigate the effect of no tillage compared with the conventional cultivation and phosphorus fertilization (100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1) P2O5 to the weeds grown in the sunflower field variety Aqmar, a field trial was conducted at the experimental farm (alternative site of College of Agriculture- University of Baghdad) Abu- Ghraib during the spring and fall seasons of 2015. the experiment was carried –out by using R.C.B.D. with in split-split arrangement. The results revealed that un ploughed and un weedy treatments had the lowest means of the dry weight and seeds yield. The results, also revealed a significant increase in the weed density, weed dry weight, seeds yield and its components with the increasing of phosphorus fertilizer from 100 to 300 kg ha-1 in both seasons. It can be concluded, that growing sunflower with was reduced the weed density and its distribution in the field, and this caused to zero weed competition reduction to the crop and consequently increased the seeds yield and its components. However, increased phosphor fertilizer levels raised weeds density, their dry weight and seed yield of sunflower.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF SOME GENOTYPES OF SOYBEAN TO ASCORBIC ACID SPRAYING

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Abodi & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Growth Characters

A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad /Abu-Ghraib during the growing season of 2009 and 2010 to investigated the effect of spraying of ascorbic acid at three concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) gm L-1 on some growth characters and yield of three genotypes of soybean (Sori, Lee and Snaea -2-), using RCBD with in split plot arrangement with three replications. The genotypes were in main plots while the concentrations of ascorbic acid were in sub plots. The results showed that the superiority of Sori genotype in branches No. (7.11 and 7.90) branch.plant-1, pods No. (153.44 and 187.43) pod.plant-1, pods weight (133.17 and 173.54) gm and 100 seed weight about 11.01 and 12.78 gm so gave highest plant yield about 91.11 and 95.19 gm.plant-1 for both season respectively. Spraying of ascorbic acid caused significant increase in most studied characters and the concentration 1.5 gm L-1 was superior in branches No. (6.49 and 6.84 branch.plant-1, pods No. (112.95 and 129.56) pod.plant-1, pods weight (101.42 and 118.58) gm and seeds per pod (2.64 and 2.70) seed.pod-1 so gave highest seed yield per plant about 76.82 and 83.90 gm.plant-1 for both season respectively. The best combination was Sori X 1.5 gm L-1 gave highest seed yield per plant about 101.51 and 108.88 gm.plant-1 for both season respectively. The conclusion from this study was: The different genotypes of soybean were different in their response to ascorbic acid spraying and the level 1.5 gm L-1 was the best for all the studied genotypes.

Effect of numbers of Bradyrhizobium japonicum applied in commercial inoculants on soybean seed yield in Ontario

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hume ◽  
D. H. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Cubic Equation ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Commercial Inoculants

In the absence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum populations in the soil, yields of field-grown soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) usually respond to inoculation with B. japonicum. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between numbers of B. japonicum per seed in inoculants and soybean nodulation and yield. A total of six field experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 on new soybean soils. In dilution trials, Grip inoculant was applied to provide approximately 106, 105, 104, and 103B. japonicum per seed at two locations in 1989. Nodule number and mass, as well as seed yield, increased curvilinearly upward with increasing log10 most probable numbers (MPNs) of B. japonicum. The yield response curve was best fit by a cubic equation, which accounted for 97% of the variation in yield. Seed yields increased 19% (1.83 to 2.13 Mg/ha) from 105 to 106B. japonicum per seed. In field experiments involving 8 commercial inoculants in 1989 and 10 in 1990, and conducted at two locations in each year, responses to increasing log MPNs in the inoculants also were concave upwards and cubic. In the two years, 78 and 46% of the yield variation was accounted for by log MPN per seed. Increasing MPN per seed from 105 to 106 improved yields in first-time fields by an average of 24%, indicating the present minimum standard of 105B. japonicum per seed should be increased. Key words: most probable numbers, response to inoculation, nodulation, Glycine max (L.) Merrill.

SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE OF THE HUP−Bradyrhizobium japonicum STRAIN 532C in ONTARIO SOYBEAN FIELD TRIALS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. HUME ◽  
B. J. SHELP
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Available N ◽  
Commercial Inoculant ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Consistent Performance

Field trials were conducted at different sites close to Guelph, Ontario, from 1981 to 1985, to evaluate the effects of Hup+ and Hup− strains on the performance of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) and to identify strains that could support high soybean yields under Ontario conditions. Each year six individual strains, Nitragin Soil Implant granular inoculant and an uninoculated control were compared for their effect on soybean yield. Soil at each experimental site was relatively free of indigenous B. japonicum as exhibited by an average of less than one nodule per plant from the uninoculated control plots. Inoculation with Hup+ or Hup− strains of B. japonicum caused similar average soybean seed yield. Of the inoculants tested (strains as well as commercial inoculant), the Hup− strain, 532C, also known as strain 61A152, supported the highest yields in 4 of the 5 yr. Omitting 1982 data, when soil available N was high and the uninoculated control had yields equivalent to inoculated plots, 532C treatments averaged 3.08 t ha−1 compared to 2.70 for 61A89, 2.84 for 61A133, 2.83 for the commercial inoculant and 1.96 for the uninoculated control. The consistent performance of 532C across years and locations suggested major advantages for this strain. Strain 532C is now being used as a single strain in five of the seven inoculants sold in Ontario.Key words: Soybean, inoculation, Hup+, seed yield

Intercropping faba bean with some legume crops for control of Orobanche crenata

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Bakheit ◽  
A. Y. Allam ◽  
A. H. Galal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Egyptian Clover ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Branches

Experiments involving the intercropping faba bean with each of lupin, fenugreek and Egyptian clover as well as growing faba bean alone were carried out at Assiut University on a farm naturally infested with Orobanche in two seasons. The major objective of the study was to investigate the effect of different intercropping combinations with faba bean on the infestation with Orobanche. The results obtained revealed that intercropping faba bean with each of lupin, fenugreek and Egyptian clover markedly reduced the Orobanche crenata Forsk infestation of faba bean. the number of branches, the height of the first pod, the number of pods, the seed yield and the number and dry weight of Orobanche spikes were significantly affected by the intercropping treatments, but these had no significant influence on plant height, straw yield or 100-seed weight. intercropping faba bean with each of lupin, fenugreek and Egyptian clover increased the faba bean seed yield, consequently the economic return was also increased.

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