scholarly journals Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Cynara scolymus, Lavandula angustifolia, Alkanna Tinctoria and its antimicrobial activities—A comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-295
Author(s):  
Syeda Hafsa Ali
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Cynara Scolymus ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Alkanna Tinctoria

Nanotechnology is a promising field of science and involves use of nanoparticle with size ranging between 1 nm–100 nm. The phenomenal size properties enable nanoparticles to anchor a prominent place in various biomedical applications. Silver is known for its antimicrobial nature. This study elucidates the qualitative phytochemical properties of three plant extracts, its biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity. Green Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from 1mM Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) solution using leaf extracts of Cynara scolymus (Artichoke), Alkanna tinctoria (Alkanet), and Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) respectively. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized visually, via UV–vis spectrophotometer and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The biogenic particles were tested against pathogenic bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli) and Plant pathogenic fungal strains (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger). The formation of AgNPs with size <100 nm was ensured by UV vis spectrophotometer and XRD. Antibacterial activity of lavender mediated AgNP was highly significant, followed by artichoke mediated AgNP and finally, alkanet AgNP were effective. However, in contrast, Artichoke mediated AgNP showed significant activity against plant fungal strains, followed by Alkanet AgNP, and finally by Lavender mediated AgNPs. We concluded that the three plants have versatile biochemical molecules responsible for broad spectrum of AgNP against bacterial and fungal strains. Studies on combined use of AgNPs with other antimicrobial agents may solve the problem of toxicity and possible risk of drug resistance.

scholarly journals Rapid Method for Detecting Bactericidal Effects of Mangrove Derived Silver Nanoparticles Using Resazurin Microdilution Assay

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2438-2442
Author(s):  
Asmathunisha N
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Resazurin Assay ◽  
Bactericidal Effects

Abstract: Nanoparticles plays a vital role in the field of antimicrobial agents against pathogenic microorganisms. Screening of nanoparticles for antimicrobial activities is a time consuming and cumbersome process. Recently, a simple technique of using the dye resazurin has been used as an indicator of bacterial growth for testing antimicrobial activity on microtitre plate. However, this technique does not quantify the microbial load. Therefore, the present work was attempted to find a new antibacterial method employing the dye resazurin assay and haemocytometric counting of microbes for testing silver nanoparticles synthesised from Xylocarpus mekongensis .The bacterial strains E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa (multi-drug resistant strain) were used to evaluate the screening of mangrove extracts. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was also calculated for the silver nanoparticles using ciproflaxcin as reference antibiotic. The antibacterial activity Xylocarpus mekongensis was carried out against all the three bacteria by the same method and the values were compared with reference antibiotic. The present study has suggested a rapid, dependable, easy and inexpensive method, suitable for testing the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles which are promising to develop as new antibacterials. Keywords: Mangroves, Silver, Nanoparticles, Resazurin, Antibacterials

scholarly journals Silver (I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Winning and Broad Spectrum of Antimicrobial Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2497
Author(s):  
Filippo Prencipe ◽  
Anna Zanfardino ◽  
Michela Di Napoli ◽  
Filomena Rossi ◽  
Stefano D’Errico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Heterocyclic Carbenes ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Catalytic Chemistry

The evolution of antibacterial resistance has arisen as the main downside in fighting bacterial infections pushing researchers to develop novel, more potent and multimodal alternative drugs.Silver and its complexes have long been used as antimicrobial agents in medicine due to the lack of silver resistance and the effectiveness at low concentration as well as to their low toxicities compared to the most commonly used antibiotics. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) have been extensively employed to coordinate transition metals mainly for catalytic chemistry. However, more recently, NHC ligands have been applied as carrier molecules for metals in anticancer applications. In the present study we selected from literature two NHC-carbene based on acridinescaffoldand detailed nonclassicalpyrazole derived mono NHC-Ag neutral and bis NHC-Ag cationic complexes. Their inhibitor effect on bacterial strains Gram-negative and positivewas evaluated. Imidazolium NHC silver complex containing the acridine chromophore showed effectiveness at extremely low MIC values. Although pyrazole NHC silver complexes are less active than the acridine NHC-silver, they represent the first example of this class of compounds with antimicrobial properties. Moreover all complexesare not toxic and they show not significant activity againstmammalian cells (Hek lines) after 4 and 24 h. Based on our experimental evidence, we are confident that this promising class of complexes could represent a valuable starting point for developing candidates for the treatment of bacterial infections, delivering great effectiveness and avoiding the development of resistance mechanisms.

scholarly journals Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts and their antimicrobial activities: a review of recent literature

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2804-2837
Author(s):  
Chhangte Vanlalveni ◽  
Samuel Lallianrawna ◽  
Ayushi Biswas ◽  
Manickam Selvaraj ◽  
Bishwajit Changmai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Research Domain

Herein, we have reviewed new findings in the research domain of the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using different plant extracts and their potential applications as antimicrobial agents covering the literature since 2015.

scholarly journals DPPH-Scavenging and Antimicrobial Activities of Asteraceae Medicinal Plants on Uropathogenic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phan-Canh Trinh ◽  
Le-Thi-Thanh Thao ◽  
Hoang-Tran-Viet Ha ◽  
TuAnh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Potent Effect ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

Asteraceae species were widely applied in traditional medicines in Asian countries as sources of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to evaluate DPPH-scavenging capacities and antimicrobial activities of nine Asteraceae species collected from Southern Vietnam. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were determined by standard protocols. Essential oils from Ageratum conyzoides, Helianthus annuus, and Artemisia vulgaris indicated significant inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Candida spp. Crude extracts and fractions from Taraxacum officinale, Chrysanthemum morifolium, A. conyzoides, and Tagetes erecta showed inhibitory ability on at least one testing bacterial strains including S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In a study on clinical isolates, ethyl acetate fraction from A. conyzoides flower displayed the most potent effect on uropathogenic E. coli and K. pneumoniae with MIC at 1.25–10 mg/ml and 5–12.5 mg/ml, respectively. DPPH-scavenging assay indicated that T. erecta extract had the lowest IC50 (17.280 μg/ml) and is 2.4 times higher than vitamin C (7.321 μg/ml). This study revealed that A. conyzoides has good potential against uropathogenic E. coli and K. pneumoniae, and therefore could be applied for prophylactic treatment of urinary infection.

scholarly journals Assessment of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Haplophyllum Obtusifolium

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Rezaei ◽  
Ali Es-haghi ◽  
Parichehreh Yaghmaei ◽  
Maryam Ghobeh
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
The North ◽  
Chamber Temperature ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Background: Plants comprise great antioxidant sources as a result of their redox and biochemical components, which are rich in secondary metabolites such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and other constituents. Haplophyllum obtusifolium from polygonaceae is widely used for preventing and managing diabetes. This study investigated the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized by H. obtusifolium. Methods: The aerial parts of H. obtusifolium were gathered from the north of Khorasan Razavi province, Iran and desiccated at the chamber temperature. The shoots were powdered by grinding, 5 g of the powder was mixed with 250 mL of deionized water, and the resultant blend was then filtered. Bactericidal properties and antioxidant activity of the nanoparticles were assessed using disk diffusion and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) tests, respectively. Results: The results of this study showed that the biosynthesized nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity against a gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacterium, but they had no effects on gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antioxidant test results showed that these nanoparticles were capable of eliminating DPPH radicals in a concentration-dependent manner so that a more potent antioxidant activity was seen in higher concentrations of the nanoparticles. Conclusion: Our results suggested that H. obtusifolium can be used as a key source of antioxidants/ antimicrobial agents in food and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals The PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Senna alata AND Senna tora LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST BACTERIAL STRAINS CAUSING SKIN INFECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Murni Halim
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Natural Drugs ◽  
Senna Alata

A study was carried out to screen for phytochemical constituents and assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Senna alata and Senna tora leaf extracts. The leaves were first dried at room temperature and 50°C in an oven prior to solvent extraction using ethanol and methanol. The in-vitro qualitative assays showed that both S. alata and S. tora leaf extracts contained bioactive and secondary metabolites components such as tannins, steroids, saponin, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. The antioxidant activity and capacity test were carried out by conducting free radical of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and Ferric reduction antioxidant plasma (FRAP) assays. Both assays showed S. tora leaf extract has higher antioxidant capacity than S. alata leaf extract. The efficacy of these leaf extracts were tested against skin pathogens through agar well diffusion method. S. alata extract showed an inhibition zone (1.15 – 1.59 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa while S. tora extracts exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis (inhibition zone of 12 – 16.94 mm) followed by P. aeruginosa (inhibition zone of 1 – 1.59 mm). Nonetheless, no inhibition zone was observed for S. aureus by both leaf extracts. The phytochemicals and antioxidant constituents as well as inhibitory potential on skin pathogens possessed by S. alata and S. tora leave highlighted their potential utilization in the development of natural drugs or cosmetics to treat skin related diseases or infections.

In vitro antimicrobial and preliminary phytochemical screening of some Samburu Anti‐diarrhoeal medicinal plants ‐ Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
E. O. Omwenga ◽  
P. O. Okemo ◽  
P. K. Mbugua
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Local Isolate ◽  
Agar Disc

The antimicrobial effect of some selected Samburu medicinal plants was evaluated on bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus ‐ ATCC 20591, Bacillus subtillis ‐ Local isolate, Salmonella typhi‐ATCC 2202, Escherichia coli‐STD. 25922 and Pseudomonas aeroginosa ‐ ATCC 25852 and fungal strains like Candida albicans ATCC EK138, Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404, Aspergillusflavus‐Local isolate, Fusarium lateritium‐Local isolate, and Penicillium spp.‐ local isolate. Methanol was used as solvent for the extraction from the selected medicinal plants used by the Samburu community. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion and micro‐dilution technique. The most susceptible Gram‐positive bacterium was S. aureus, while the most susceptible Gram‐negative bacterium was P. aeroginosa. The extracts of Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L) W.T. Aiton showed less activity against the bacterial strains investigated. The most active antibacterial plants were Euphorbia scarlatica S. Carter, and Euclea divinoram Hiern. Incidentally most of the extracts were inactive against the fungal strains with only a few proving to be slightly active against the C. albicans i.e. Loranthus acaciae Zucc., Kedrostis pseudogijef (Gilg) C. Jeffrey, Euclea divinoram Hiern. and Croton macrostachyus (A. Rich). Benths. The significant antimicrobial activity of active extracts was compared with the standard antimicrobials, cefrodoxima, amoxicillin and fluconazole. The MICs of the most active plants ranged from 18.75mg/ml to 37.50mg/ml. The MBCs ranged between 18.75mg/ml to75mg/ml. These results were significant at P< 0.01. The findings show that most of the medicinal plants used by the Samburu community have some significant activity on the bacterial but not fungal pathogens known to cause diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Thymol and its Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajai Kumar ◽  
Suriya P. Singh ◽  
Sudarshan S. Chhokar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Acid Chlorides ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Broth Dilution

From the seeds of C arum copticum thymol (1) was isolated as the major component and ten derivatives (2–11) were prepared by reacting it with different acid chlorides in a single step. They were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against twelve bacterial strains and nine fungal strains using disc diffusion and broth dilution assays. Derivative 9 was found to be most active against both bacterial and fungal strains.

scholarly journals Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via Cynara scolymus leaf extracts: The characterization, anticancer potential with photodynamic therapy in MCF7 cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e0216496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Erdogan ◽  
Muruvvet Abbak ◽  
Gülen Melike Demirbolat ◽  
Fatih Birtekocak ◽  
Mehran Aksel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cynara Scolymus
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