scholarly journals APASL Single Topic Conference DELTA HEPATITIS, 27-28 June 2019, Baku, Azerbaijan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-46
Author(s):  
Gulnara Aghayeva
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Good Chance ◽  
Hepatitis Delta ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents ◽  
Work Up ◽  
First Time

As Delta problem moved from the shadow up on the stage, becoming one of the most crucial disease in Hepatology area, our STC 2019 is dedicated to hepat itis D, for the first time in the history of APASL STC topics. As hepatitis Delta occurs only with HBV infection, we will discuss hepatitis B, its epidemiology, work - up, current treatment and new horizons in the developing pharmaceutical agents. The scient ific program will include the topics presented by the best speakers and the experts in Delta and B hepatitis. This conference is a good chance to meet and interact with leading clinical professionals and researches and to obtain latest information for hepa tologists.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Children in Enugu Metropolis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1178122X1879285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryann Chinenye Ezeilo ◽  
Godwill Azeh Engwa ◽  
Romanus Ifeanyi Iroha ◽  
Damian Chukwu Odimegwu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
History Of Surgery ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of

Background: Though measures are being put in place for the management of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Nigeria, children remain the most vulnerable to develop chronic hepatitis. Routine screening in children is therefore necessary for effective control. However, the performance of the commonly used immunochromatographic test (ICT) strips has been challenging. Also, identifying the risk factors of transmission in this age group is of importance for the implementation of preventive measures. Hence, the goal of this study was to assess the test performance of the routinely used ICT strip and identify the associated clinical manifestations and risk factors of HBV. Methods: A cross sectional study involving 270 children below six years of age was conducted at ESUTH and Favor Child Pediatrics Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. The subjects were screened for HBV by ICT and ELISA assays and a structured questionnaire was used to obtain participants data including demographic, socioeconomic, signs and symptoms, risk factors and vaccination. Results: BBased on ELISA, 31 out of 270 children were positive for HBV with an infection rate of 11.5%. ICT kit showed a low sensitivity of 51.6% in diagnosing HBV but was highly specific (100%) and accurate (94.4%). HBV infection was not associated with sex (χ2: 0.209; p = 0.401). The prevalence of HBV infection was similar in all the age group and HBV infection was not associated (χ2: 2.099; p = 0.914) with age group. All the clinical manifestations were not associated ( p > 0.05) with HBV infection. Blood transfusion, shared items, tattoo marks and history of surgery associated significantly ( p < 0.05) with HBV infections having odd ratios of 4.247, 4.224, 3.134 and 3.195 respectively. The vaccination rate was 55.2% (159/270) and only 3 (1.1%) out of 159 vaccinated subjected contracted the infection (OR: 0.068, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: HBV was prevalent (11.5%) in children below six years old in Enugu metropolis. Moreover, the routinely used ICT test was less reliable than ELISA in diagnosis HBV infection. More so, shared items, blood transfusion, tattooing and history of surgery were potential risk factors while vaccination served as a protective factor against the infection.

scholarly journals Metaphysics of the History of Music in the Scientific Area: Challenges of the Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Valeriya Zharkova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
Automatic Mode ◽  
Essential Questions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
First Time ◽  
Main Factor

The relevance of the article is determined by the desire to consider the understanding of the scientific discipline “The History of Music” in its metaphysical dimension. “Metaphysics of the History of Music” appears as a modern discipline that opens new layers of meaning. It deals with problems that combine the musical art with philosophy, anthropology, culturology, aesthetics, but its foundation is determined by the musicological view on the musical artifacts. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the principles of Aristotle's teaching appear as the methodological foundation of the new discipline “Metaphysics of the History of Music”. This allows us to consider the history of music as a special way of understanding existence. The intersections of synchronous and diachronic parameters of understanding musical texts open new horizons of awareness of his “I” to the man of the 21st century. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the essential characteristics of the metaphysics of the history of music as a new scientific discipline and to determine the peculiarities of the implementation of synchronous and diachronic dimensions of musical texts in a given problem field. The research methodology includes the use of metaphysical, historical, comparative methods. Main results and conclusions. The history of music gives man endless opportunities to ask himself about the essential principles of existence, so at the present stage he is looking for ways in a new direction, which could be called “Metaphysics of the History of Music”. “Metaphysics of the History of Music” establishes the connection of phenomena each time in a new way, which reveals incomprehensible (to the superficial view of) the laws of the musicaltemporal spiral. Then each fact doesn’t remain a part of the information “herbarium” but is clarified by a living perception of “here and now”. Due to this context, it is necessary to emphasize that the main factor in making such connection is the live reproduction of all possible combinations. The history of music must unfold in such way as to enable modern man not only to feel the true “taste” of musical events, but also to illuminate them by itself, that is, to create an act that M. Mamardashvili calls the “fullness of interaction”. Such direction of everyone's spiritual efforts corresponds to the acute challenges of the time. It defines a new position of a human being at the intersection of what is fixed in the narrative about what has “already happened” and what is unfolding through the meanings of the “here and now”. So, it’s established when nothing exists in the automatic mode of perception. In a model of linear coupling that is fundamentally not amenable to horizontal configuration, it is important to have a vertical dimension, which creates Homo Metafisicus as a person who asks essential questions.

scholarly journals Outcome of Repeated Vaccination to Hepatitis B Virus in Patients Failing to Respond to Vaccination Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT): If at First You Don't Succeed, Try Try Again

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 2012-2012
Author(s):  
Reem A Shalabi ◽  
Michelle A Borg ◽  
Thomas E Hughes ◽  
Tracey Walsh-Chocolaad ◽  
Rodica Ciurea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Gvhd ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Protective Antibody ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of

Background: Recipient immunity is compromised after HSCT, obligating patients (pts) to take prophylactic antimicrobial and antiviral agents and to be reimmunized to viral and bacterial pathogens. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem, with about 30% of the world population having serological evidence of current or past HBV infection. HBV vaccination post-HSCT is imperative in these pts, as most lose protective HBV surface antibodies (anti-HBs) following conditioning, placing them at high risk for HBV reactivation. Guidelines recommend delaying vaccination (including HBV) for 6-12 months following transplantation to allow for cellular and humoral immune recovery. Even with delaying vaccination, immunosuppression, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and delayed immune reconstitution hinder the effectiveness of vaccines. The efficacy of HBV vaccination is not well defined in pts on immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and/or in those with GVHD. Further, little data exists on the efficacy of HBV revaccination in pts failing to respond to the 1st vaccination series. We studied factors impacting the success of vaccination in pts undergoing one to four HBV vaccination series after HSCT. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness of HBV vaccine in HSCT pts by assessing protective antibody generation after vaccination. Fifty-two pts (25 female, 27 male) who received at least one 3-dose HBV vaccination series post-HSCT and who had evaluable post-vaccine anti-HBs titers were included in the analysis. Pts with negative or indeterminate anti-HBs titers following the first vaccine series were eligible to receive one or more additional series of HBV vaccinations. All pts were treated with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine based conditioning (± anti-thymocyte globulin) and received GVHD prophylaxis with either cyclosporine/tacrolimus with or without mycophenolate mofetil. The vaccine response rate over a series of vaccinations was estimated by Kaplan-Meier methods. The development of response after the first vaccination was correlated with patient baseline and post-HSCT factors including pretransplant HBV titers, vaccination time post-transplant, use of rituximab and IST and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), CD4, and CD8 cell counts and history of acute or chronic GVHD. Results: The studied cohort included 52 HSCT pts with a median age of 22 years (range 7-62) and a variety of diagnoses (38 aplastic anemia, 6 myelodysplastic syndrome and 8 hematological malignancies). Thirty-five pts underwent HSCT from an HLA-matched donor and 17 pts received a combined haploidentical and umbilical cord blood transplant. The median time to first HBV vaccination was 12 months (8-37) post-HSCT. Following the 1st vaccination series; 19, 4 and 2 pts received a 2nd, 3rd and 4th vaccination series. The estimated cumulative anti-HBs response rates were 51.9%, 82.3%, 91.1% and 100% for the four vaccination series, respectively (Figure). A logistic regression analysis revealed: a) Pts who achieved a response after the initial vaccination series had higher CD4 counts compared to those who failed to mount a response (median CD4 count 450 vs. 300/μL, P= 0.024, Figure); b) Pts without a history of acute GVHD (n=23) were significantly more likely to respond to the 1st vaccination series compared to those with acute GVHD (n=29) (response: 69.6% vs 37.9%, P= 0.029). Other factors included in this analysis were not found to be correlated with the anti-HBs response after the initial vaccination series. Conclusions: Multiple rounds of HBV vaccination may be required before a protective antibody response is achieved. After the first vaccination series, only 51.9% of pts achieved a response, with lower pre-vaccination CD4 counts and a prior history of acute GVHD being negatively associated with vaccine success. Remarkably, with continued vaccination attempts (up to four vaccination series), all evaluable pts ultimately developed a protective anti-HBs response. Figure Disclosures Shalabi: GlaxoSmithKline: Other: Spouse is employed by GSK Pharma.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Knowledge, Testing, and Vaccination History among Undergraduate Public Health Students in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Osei ◽  
John Niyilapah ◽  
Gregory Kofi Amenuvegbe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Undergraduate Public Health

Background. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health problem in many parts of the world. The risk of acquiring the infection through exposure to blood, semen, and other bodily fluids is highest among health care workers (HCW) including trainees. Ghana is considered a high risk country for HBV; however little is known about the knowledge and prevention practices of the infection in the country. This study assessed the knowledge, testing, and vaccination history of HBV and their related factors among undergraduate public health students of University of Health and Allied Sciences in Ghana. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 226 students using a pretested questionnaire to assess Hepatitis B knowledge, testing, and vaccination history of the students. We performed logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between Hepatitis B testing and vaccination history and participants’ characteristics. Data was analysed using Stata Version 12. Results. Majority 169 (73.9%) of the 226 participants studied had moderate knowledge regarding HBV infection. About half 114 (50.4%) of them had never been tested for HBV infection, and 100 (44.2%) had received at least a single dose of Hepatitis B vaccine. The completed vaccination rate among the students was 30.5%. Students in their 2nd year (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 3.13; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.13, 7.52; p<0.011) and those with moderate (AOR: 4.76; 95% CI; 1.35, 16.82; P=0.015) and good (AOR: 5.40; 95% CI: 1.31, 22.36; P=0.020) level of knowledge were more likely to be tested for HBV. With regard to vaccination, females (AOR: 1.85; 95%CI: 1.04-3.29; P=0.037) and regular students (AOR: 0.37; 95%CI: 0.19, 0.70; p=0.002) were associated with receiving the full dose of Hepatitis B vaccine. Conclusion. This study highlights the urgent need for continued health education on HBV infection and strategies that ensure that health trainees are screened and fully vaccinated against the infection to prevent potential future exposure to the virus. The students’ representative council can organize free HBV testing and vaccination for all fresh students.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infection and its determinants among HIV positive pregnant women: Multicenter unmatched case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0251084
Author(s):  
Zelalem Alamrew Anteneh ◽  
Estifanose Wondaye ◽  
Endalkachew Worku Mengesha
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) kills millions of people globally; it is worse in pregnant women. HBV and Human Immune Virus (HIV) co-infection is associated with increased liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aimed at identifying the determinants of HBV infection among HIV-positive pregnant women. Methods A multicentre unmatched case-control study was conducted among 109 cases (HBV/HIV co-infected) and 327 controls (HIV positive) pregnant women in seven hospitals of the Eastern Amhara region. Interview and chart review data collection techniques were employed by trained personnel. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify independent predictors of hepatitis B virus infection. Variables with a p-value of <0.05 and 95% confidence interval for odds ratio not containing 1 considered independent predictors of HBV infection. Results The findings of this study revealed that history of STI [AOR, 1.97, 95%CI, 1.09–3.56], hospital admission [AOR, 3.08, 95%CI, 1.69–5.61], traditional delivery care [AOR, 3.31, 95%CI, 1.72–6.37], family history of HBV [AOR, 3.33, 95%CI, 1.72–6.37], presence of opportunistic infections [AOR, 0.23, 95%CI, 0.12–0.58], viral load [AOR, 7.58, 95%CI, 3.18–8.01], CD4 count [AOR, 2.15, 95% CI, 1.01–4.59], anaemia [AOR, 3.07, 95% CI, 1.71–5.51] and unsafe sex [AOR, 1.98, 95%CI, 1.09–3.61] had a statistically significant association with HBV infection. Conclusions Several exposure variables had statistically significant association with HBV infection. High Viral Load appeared to be the largest predictor of HBV infection in HIV patients. Therefore, targeted interventions such as behavioral change intervention for unsafe sex and STI should be in place, and screening tests and treatment at the early stage of conception for both partners is necessary.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus amongst patients attending selected hospitals in Niger State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Adamu ◽  
Faruk Kuta
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major public health problem globally and accounts for about one million deaths worldwide annually. This study determined the seroprevalence, distribution of HBV infection, and factors associated with the infection amongst patients attending selected hospitals in Niger State. A total of 500 blood samples were collected from five selected hospitals in Niger state. The samples were screened using Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) test kit for the qualitative detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in serum. Prevalence of Hepatitis B infection was 13.0% cumulatively in the study area. Female participants had a higher prevalence (6.8%) of HBsAg infection compared to their male counterparts with 6.2%. Participants within the 41- 50 years’ age group recorded a higher rate of infection (5.2%), while those ≥ 50 years had a lower prevalence of (2.3%). The civil servants had a higher percentage prevalence of 6.4% followed by housewives and the least was observed with participants who are students. Patients without a history of blood transfusion recorded a higher percentage prevalence (7.8%) compared to those with a history of blood transfusion (5.2%). The results reveal that participants with polygamous family types recorded a higher prevalence of HBV infection (11.4%) compared to those belonging to the monogamous type (1.6%). The results obtained from this study suggest that HBV is in circulation in the study areas; thus necessitating more awareness campaigns among the general population about HBV and its modes of transmission and associated risk factors

scholarly journals Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine with SCN1A Gene Mutation—A Case Report

US Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh Dube ◽  
Akshay Navalkishor Lakhotia ◽  
Vaibhav Yadav ◽  
Rahul Jain ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Hemiplegic Migraine ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Missense Variation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Work Up ◽  
First Time

Sporadic hemiplegic migraine (SHM) is a subtype of hemiplegic migraine, characterized by episodes of migraine with a reversible motor aura, without a positive family history, and is a mimicker of an atypical severe form of migraine, stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, metabolic disorders, or conversion disorder.Case presentation:We present the case of a young 28-year-old female, who had a history of recurrent reversible attacks of headache with sensory aura accompanied with left hemiparesis for the past 5 years, with no positive family history of similar symptoms. The work-up ruled out differential diagnoses and genetic work-up found a novelSCN1Agene missense variation in exon 26 (c.4855A>G; p.Met1619Val) in a case of SHM. She was discharged on flunarizine for prophylaxis.Conclusions:We describe, for the first time, a case of SHM with a mutation in theSCN1Agene.

Questions About Varicella Vaccine

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1225-1225
Author(s):  
ARTHUR LAVIN
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Universal Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Recommendations ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The promotion of the varicella vaccine has been based on habit and profit rather than science, and has exposed the premise of immunization to doubtful legitimacy. Dr Plotkin's commentary (Pediatrics. 1996;97:251-253) nicely illustrates these problems with the varicella vaccine program, and helps explain why pediatricians who care for children are hesitant to participate. The recent development of hepatitis B and varicella universal vaccination recommendations broke new ground in the history of immunizations. For the first time, universal immunizations were recommended for a problem that the community and its physicians did not agree presented a danger sufficient to justify such an intervention.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infection in general population in Madagascar: evidence for different epidemiological patterns in urban and in rural areas

1996 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Boisier ◽  
L. Rabarijaona ◽  
M. Piollet ◽  
J. F. Roux ◽  
H. G. Zeller
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Postnatal Transmission ◽  
Hbv Markers ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of

SummaryTo describe the features of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Madagascar, a randomized sero-epidemiological survey was undertaken in the general population ≥ 1 year old of two provinces which represents 45% of the total population. In the 921 sera tested, the prevalence of HBV markers was 20·5% for HBsAg, 38·2% for anti-HBc and 6·9% for HBeAg. HBsAg and anti-HBc prevalence rates were significantly higher in males. A large difference in HBsAg prevalence was observed between urban (5·3%) and rural areas (26·0%). The same contrast in prevalence was noticed for the other HBV markers. In rural areas, HBV infection was more frequently acquired early in infancy, which suggests predominantly perinatal or postnatal transmission. The presence of HBV markers was not significantly associated with a history of blood transfusion, surgery or parenteral injection. High infectivity carriers represented 5·3% and the overall frequency of chronic carriers was 10·4%. These results place Madagascar among areas of high endemicity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document