scholarly journals Improving the technology of spring wheat cultivation in the Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Oleg Ivanovich Goryanin ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shcherbinina
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Sowing Period

  The results of research on the study of two traditional and six technologies (options) with direct seeding of spring durum wheat bezenchukskaya Zolotistaya (soy precursor), on ordinary chernozem in 2017-2019 are presented. In the six-field crop rotation, it was found that when growing new varieties resistant to the main pathogens, against the background of direct seeding and improving the nitrogen supply of plants, the use of modern fungicides is justified only in years favorable for moisture, when the yield increase reaches 0.19 t/ha (5.9 %). On a natural background of fertility, additional costs for processing crops with fungicides are not recouped by increasing the yield. With traditional technology, treatment of crops with Soligor fungicide provides an average of three years increase in grain yield by 0.15 t / ha (7.9 %), net income of 308.1 rubles/ha (4.6%). The highest net income and profitability were revealed against the background of direct seeding and the use of ammonium nitrate – 8327.8-8532.0 rubles / ha and 70.7-80.7 %. Based on the research, when cultivating new varieties of spring durum wheat, it is recommended to introduce ammonium nitrate (N30) during the sowing period. When protecting plants-seed treatment, treatment of crops with herbicides and insecticides. The use of fungicides is rational to carry out in years favorable for moisture. Against the background of the use of biofungicide Phytosporin, the use of fungicides is not advisable.

scholarly journals Impacts of wheat seed storage at poor household level in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-360
Author(s):  
MA Monayem Miah ◽  
QMS Islam ◽  
ME Baksh ◽  
FJ Rossi ◽  
TP Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Plastic Metal ◽  
New Varieties

Small and marginal farmers have little access to improved seed from institutional sources and are thus largely excluded from the benefits of new varieties. The production and storage of improved varieties seeds at the household (HH) level can successfully overcome this problem. With this aim CSISA-CIMMYT (Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia) project in Bangladesh have been working since 2012. Therefore, the study assessed the impacts of wheat seed storage systems at HH level, with a particular emphasis on how the poor farmers are benefited by doing the seed storage business. The study analyzed data and information collected at random from 210 supported and 60 non-supported farmers spread over three wheat growing districts namely Mymensingh, Faridpur and Rangpur. Wheat farmers used different storage containers and showed the highest level of satisfaction towards plastic sac along with poly bags and plastic/metal drum due to cost effectiveness and seed quality maintenance. On an average, supported and non-supported farmers retained respectively 103 kg and 100 kg of seed at household level, and sold most of their seeds to neighbouring farmers, local markets, and dealers. Wheat seed storage at household level was a profitable business to most of the respondent farmers. They could earn a reasonable net income (Tk.1127-Tk.1210) from seed storage. The farmers who stored seed in plastic/metal drum received the highest net income due to higher storage capacity, less storage cost, and higher seed price. The wheat storage program has created significant impacts in the study areas. A substantial increase was recorded in wheat area, wheat productivity, and financial benefit of the wheat farmers as a whole. Nevertheless, improved wheat seed is now available at farm level and most farmers become enthusiastic towards improved wheat cultivation because of this program. Respondent farmers did not face any critical problem during seed storage.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(2): 345-360, June 2018

scholarly journals Features of the formation of spring wheat grain yield in the Volga region

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Oleg Ivanovich Goryanin ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shcherbinina
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Seeding Rate

The results of the study of five seeding rates (variants) in the cultivation of spring durum wheat Bezenchukskaya Niva with seed treatment with Scenic Combi preparation (1.4 l/t) in order to identify the optimal rate are presented. On ordinary chernozem for 2017-2020 in the arid conditions of the Volga region, it was found out that when growing a crop for winter wheat, a decrease in seeding rates contributed to an increase in the coefficient of total and productive bushiness, the weight of grain from the ear and plant, the number of grains from the ear. On average, over the years of research, the yield of spring wheat grain at seeding rates of 2.0-5.0 million/ha was 2.00-2.22 t / ha. Under favorable weather conditions, the yield advantage was the norm of 4.0-5.0 million/ha by 6.2-37 %, in the acutely arid 2.0-3.0 million / ha by 3.4-16.4 % more, compared to other options. Wheat yield was most affected by the air temperature during the growing season (r=-0.97* to -0.99*). Of the elements of the structure, the maximum conjugacy with the yield at the norms of 1.0-4.0 is noted with the number and weight of grain from the ear and plant, the height of the plants (r=0,97*-1,0**). On average, over the years of research, the highest net income was established on the variants with the norm of 3.0-4.0 million / ha-17100.4-17442.8 rubles / ha, which is 761.9-1704.7 rubles/ha (4.7-10.8 %) more than the variants with the norm of 2.0 and 5.0 million/ha. The maximum level of profitability was revealed at the rate of 1.0 million / ha-194.6 %, which is 9.6-41.3% more than the options with the rate of 2.0-4.0 million / ha. Based on the conducted research, the seeding rate of 2.0-4.0 million/ha is recommended for the cultivation of spring durum wheat for commercial purposes. In the original seed production – 1.0 and 2.0 million/ha, providing a multiplication factor of up to 57.8 kg/kg of grain.

scholarly journals Agroeconomic prospects for the use of nitrogen fertilizers for field crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
G. M. Gospodarenko ◽  
◽  
O. D. Cherno ◽  
A. T. Martynyuk
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Cost

The issues of recoupment of nitrogen fertilizers are considered, since they determine the need for fertilizers and the agro-economic efficiency of their use. It is shown that the payback of fertilizers is a complex value and not constant in different crops. The increase in yield from fertilizers in kind is taken on the basis of field experiments with fertilizers carried out on podzolized chernozem of the opita field of the Uman NUS. The cost of an increase in the yield from the use of nitrogen fertilizers was determined by the average actual sales prices of products prevailing on the market through various sales channels in the 6th quarter of 2021. Additional costs included: the cost of fertilizers, a margin for their delivery to the farm, the cost of using it on the farm and collecting increase in yield from nitrogen fertilizers. The cost of ammonium nitrate was taken at UAH 24,000 / t with the addition of a margin for their delivery to the farm. The costs of using fertilizers on the farm and collecting an increase in yield were set calculated according to the accepted standards. The difference between the value of the yield increase (PU) and additional costs (AD) gives the net income received from the use of fertilizers. The ratio of the cost of increasing the yield to additional costs shows their payback. On the basis of comparing the indicators of PU and DZ, the boundaries of the economic efficiency of the use of fertilizers were determined: PU> DZ (general expression of the task). We also calculated the minimum required increase in yield from fertilizers and the limits of price increases for nitrogen fertilizers. It has been established that at a price of ammonium nitrate of UAH 24,000 / t and the cost of its use in optimal doses for field crops against the background of a balanced phosphorus-potassium nutrition, the cost of an increase in yield is 3075–47894 UAH/ha. Payback of 1 kg a.c. nitrogen fertilization varies in a wide range – from 3.0 to 217.3 hryvnyas, depending on the crop. The limit of the unprofitable price per unit of the active substance of nitrogen fertilizers at the optimal application rate depends on the crop and is in the range of UAH 76.5–219.0 /ha. With the current disparity in prices for crop products and ammonium nitrate (24,000 UAH/t), its use is profitable, which is explained by the low ability of podzolized chernozem to provide plants with nitrogen, biological requirements of crops for this food element and technologies for their cultivation. Key words: nitrogen fertilizers, agricultural crops, fertilizer recoupment, loss threshold, price increase limit.

scholarly journals THE EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATING CROWN FLAX, WINTER WHEAT, FOXTAIL MILLETIN STUBBLE FIELD, AND FIELD PEA UNDER ADAPTIVE SYSTEM OF BASIC TILLAGE OF ORDINARY CHERNOZEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
V.S. Polous ◽  
◽  
S.N. Osaulenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
No Till

The development of resource-saving tillage and direct seeding technologies (no-till) of field crops end up making a profit when it is based on the results of research and practice but this is not the case in all regions. Taking this into account, in the central zone of the Krasnodar Region in the permanent crop rotation from 2013 through 2018, we studied the integrated effect of plowing (22-24 cm -the control), surface tillage (6-8 cm) and zero tillage (herbicide treatment) and the crop in the rotation on the economic efficiency of production and elements of soil fertility. The average annual air temperature in the area is +12.1°C; the precipitation amount is 614 mm. The soil is represented by ordinary chernozem; humus amount in the arable layer makes 3.8%; P2O5-22-28 mg kg of soil; K2O -350-380 mg kg of soil (according to B.P. Machigin). The accounting area of the plots amounted to 5000 m2; fourfold plot replica-tion; threefold temporal replication. The crops were sown with the Rapid600 seeder with fertilizer application. Pesti-cides and growth promoters were used. The crops were harvested with a Claas Tucano combine harvester. It was found that the tillage variants affected the yields of crown flax, winter wheat,foxtail millet in stubble field, and field pea; and also changed the production costs and the condi-tional net income for crops and the course of the crop rota-tion. Under direct seeding technology, the conditional net income for the course of the crop rotation made 58.6 thou-sand rubles per ha; fuel consumption -127 kg ha and labor costs -16.98 man-hours per ha which was by 5%, 43% and 11%, respectively, less than those in the control. Sur-face tillage also had an advantage in terms of these indica-tors. Moldboard plowing reduced the intensity of organic matter accumulation 1.5-1.2 times as compared to direct seeding (no-till) and surface tillage. The cultivation of 4 crops in a course of the crop rotation for 3 agricultural years stabilizes economic indicators and soil fertility. The developed technologies for crop optimization in a rotation (the crops in constant demand by the market); adaptive methods of basic tillage; preservation of soil fertility may be used by land users with similar soil and climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Justification of the limit of expediency of using potash fertilizers

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
G. M. Gospodarenko ◽  
◽  
A. T. Martynyuk ◽  
E. D. Cherno
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Cost

The issues of the recoupment of potash fertilizers are considered, which is one of the most controversial in agronomy, since it is precisely this that determines the need for fertilizers and the economic efficiency of their use. It is shown that the payback of fertilizers is a complex value and not constant in different crops. The increase in yield from fertilizers in kind is taken on the basis of field experiments with fertilizers carried out on podzolized chernozem in the Uman NUS. The cost of the increase in yield from the use of potash fertilizers was determined by the average actual sales prices of products prevailing on the market through various sales channels in the 6th quarter of 2021. collecting a yield increase from potash fertilizers. The cost of potash fertilizer was taken at the current price of 16000 UAH/t with the addition of a margin for their delivery to the farm. The costs for the use of fertilizers on the farm and for collecting the increase in yield were set calculated according to the accepted standards. The difference between the value of the yield increase (YI) and additional costs (AC) gives the net income received from the use of fertilizers. The ratio of the cost of increasing the yield to additional costs shows their payback. On the basis of comparing the indicators YI and AC, the boundaries of the economic efficiency of the use of fertilizers were determined: YI>AC (general expression of the task). The minimum necessary increase in yield from fertilizers and the limits of the increase in prices for potash fertilizers were also calculated. It has been established that at a price for potassium chloride of 16000 UAH /t and the cost of its use in optimal doses for field crops against the background of a balanced nitrogen-phosphorus nutrition, the cost of an increase in yield is 1164–14820 UAH/ ha. Payback (unprofitableness) of 1 kg. potash fertilizers vary in a wide range – from – UAH 18.6 to 104,0, depending on the crop. The limit of the unprofitable price per unit of the active substance of potash fertilizers at the optimal dose of application depends on the crop and is in the range of 6.9–129,5 UAH/ha. With the current disparity in prices for crop products and potassium chloride, its use is unprofitable for winter rye, spring barley, grain sorghum and sugar beet (when applied against a background of 40 t/ha of manure). This is due to the availability of podzolized chernozem with mobile potassium compounds, biological characteristics of crops and technologies for their cultivation.

FORMATION OF MATERIAL AND ENERGY COSTS IN THE GRAIN-TILLAGE LINK OF CROP ROTATION DURING PLOWING, SURFACE AND ZERO (CHEMICAL) PROCESSING OF ORDINARY CHERNOZEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
V.S. Polous ◽  
◽  
S.N. Osaulenko ◽  
L.O. Prokopova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
No Till ◽  
Material Energy ◽  
Rota Tion

The purpose of the research was to determine the material, energy and other indicators for the cul-tivation of crops of the crop rotation link using fertilizers, pesticides and effective growth stimu-lators for different-depth basic soil treatment. It was found that the crops of the grain-tillage rota-tion link, which were cultivated by plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm (control), surface treatment to a depth of 6-8 cm and zero (chemical) treatment significantly changed their productivity, and also formed various production, and therefore energy costs. The yield of oilseed flax was 1.70 t / ha, winter wheat-6.23 t / ha, mogar grain of crop sowing-0.49 t / ha, mogar hay-1.74 t / ha, peas-3.86 t/ha. The yield of these crops obtained using the no-till technology was, respectively, at 12- 3- 0 – 4 the percentage is lower than in the control. The largest net income (64090 rubles / ha), the amount of additional energy (220998 Mj) and the energy efficiency coefficient (3.5) were formed during surface tillage for crops of the crop rotation link, including due to the mogar of crop sow-ing, respectively 3370 rubles/ha and 243208 Mj. Cultivation of 4 field crops in 3 agricultural years significantly increases the economic and bioenergetic efficiency of production and can be applied in other regions.

THE INFLUENCE OF METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF THE MAIN PROCESSING OF ORDINARY CHERNOZEM ON THE HUMIDITY, DENSITY OF SOIL COMPOSITION AND YIELD OF OILSEED FLAX IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (21) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
S.N. Osaulenko ◽  
◽  
V.S. Polous ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Complex Influence

The aim of the research was to study the complex influence of methods and techniques of the main processing of ordinary chernozem, its agrophysical indicators on the yield of oilseed flax. It was found that surface (6-8 cm) and zero tillage did not significantly affect the dynamics of soil moisture in comparison with plowing at 22-24 cm (control). In the spring of productive moisture in the layer of 0-100 cm accumulated 151,5-150-152, mm, respectively. During the growing sea-son of the crop, its number decreased to 60 mm. The density of soil addition on plots without me-chanical treatment before sowing oilseed flax in a layer of 0-10 cm was 1.03 g / cm3, which was 0.01 g/cm3 higher than the variant with surface treatment and 0.04 g/cm3 higher than the control. In the horizon of 20-30 cm, the indicators increased to 1.15 g / cm3 for plowing and 1.23 g/cm3 for zero processing. Before harvesting flax in this horizon, the density of the soil composition cor-responded to the values of 1.27-1.30 g / cm3 and did not significantly exceed the optimal values. Optimal agrophysical values of the soil, as well as the use of fertilizers, pesticides and growth stimulators, provided an average yield of oilseed flax in 2014-2016: 1.75 t/ha at surface and 1.70 t/ha at zero tillage. In relation to the control, this was less by 3% and 6%, respectively. For ener-gy-saving treatments, the conditional net income was 18.3 thousand rubles/ha, and the profitabil-ity was 70%.

NFLUENCE OF METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF BASIC PROCESSING ON SOIL MOISTURE, DENSITY OF ADDITION AND YIELD OF PEAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (21) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
S.N. Osaulenko ◽  
◽  
V.S. Polous ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Direct Sowing

Seed peas were sown in 2016-2018 after plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm, as well as with surface (6-8 cm) and zero tillage with the introduction of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N6P26 for the predecessor of mogar (crop sowing). The productive moisture in the 0-100 cm layer before sowing was 167.2 mm when plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm and 158.4 mm-without mechanical tillage. Its content was determined by 18% of the precipitation for November-February and by 2% - the depth of the main tillage. Before harvesting, 64.1 mm of available moisture was preserved on the plowed plots. The density of addition of ordinary chernozem in a layer of 0-30 cm with zero treatment before sowing was 1.15 g / cm3, before harvesting-1.18 g/cm3. This exceeded the con-trol version by 0.07 g/cm3 and 0.03 g/cm3, respectively. The average yield of peas in 2016-2017 was 3.79 t / ha for plowing, 3.71 t / ha for surface treatment (by 6-8 cm), 3.61 t / ha with direct sowing technology, providing a conditional net income 12,9-13,7-14,0 thousand rubles / ha, re-spectively.

scholarly journals The choice of the terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing for winter bread wheat in the southern part of the Rostov region

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
A. A. Sukharev ◽  
G. M. Zelenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
Control Variant

The current paper has presented the results of three years’ study (2012–2014) of the application of various terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing for the winter bread wheat variety “Stanichnaya”. There has been studied efficiency of various terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing with various forecrops. There has been identified an effect of these additional fertilizing on winter bread wheat productivity according to the forecrops. In the control variant, the productivity of the variety according to the forecrop depended greatly on the forecrops: 5.52 t/ha (weedfree fallow), 5.26 t/ha (peas), 4.29 t/ha (maize for grains) and 3.57 t/ha (winter wheat). There has been identified large productivity in the autumn ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method (in all variants of the forecrops), the productivity raised on 0.38–0.73 t/ha. The study has shown that the economic effect of the ammonium nitrate fertilizing in the autumn was also at maximum profitability, 76–154%, and the conditional net income was 10 675–22 955 rubles/ha. The efficiency of ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method in the spring on thawed/frozen soil was lower, the productivity increase ranged from 0.21 t/ha sown after peas to 0.65 t/ha sown after maize. Root additional fertilizing with a seeder gave a positive effect only when the variety was sown after for winter wheat and maize, in that case the productivity increase was 0.52 t/ha and 0.46 t/ha, respectively. The conditional net income in these variants exceeded the control variant on 1574–2123 rubles/ha. Carbamide (urea) additional fertilizing was only effective for the variety sown after maize, where the productivity increase was 0.40 t/ha, but profitability (100%) and conditional net income (16 593 rubles/ha) were lower than with ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method in the spring (112% and 18 080 rubles/ha respectively).

scholarly journals Productivity, quality and efficiency of spring durum wheat cultivation when treating crops with a biological product

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
V A Sergeeva ◽  
A A Muravyov ◽  
L M Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Control Variant

Abstract The production experiments were carried out based on the farm “Yaroslav the Wise” of the Starooskol district of the Belgorod region. The article studies the effect of the biological product Biogor KM during the pre-sowing treatment of grain in combination with double spraying of growing plants of spring durum wheat Dar Chernozemya 2. One of the experiments provides for grain processing with the period of “germination-ripening” of its wheat plants reduced by 8 days. The second variant, in addition to processing the grain, had two sprayings carried out during the growing season. The second experiment lasted even less by 12 days in comparison with the control variant. The article establishes the positive influence of the biological product on the formation of the productivity structure of spring durum wheat plants. Grain processing in combination with spraying during the growing season led to the formation of the best productivity structure: plant height was 39% higher, the number of spikelets was 41.8% higher, the number of spikelets was higher by 35.3%, and the grain weight per spike was 39.2%. versus the control variant. The yield in the experiment was in direct proportion to the method of application of the biological product and the conditions of the growing season. The largest increase in yield - 0.40 t / ha or 14.5% was obtained in the variant with grain processing in combination with double spraying of plants during the growing season, the average yield for the studied period was 3.14 t / ha and was maximum, indicators of economic and bioenergy efficiency was also the best.

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