scholarly journals BIOATIVIDADE DE EXTRATOS VEGETAIS CONTRA PATÓGENOS DE SEMENTES DE AMENDOIM

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
THIAGO COSTA FERREIRA ◽  
Ana Lúcia Araújo Cunha ◽  
Élida Barbosa Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Eugenia Uniflora

<p>A utilização de espécies vegetais como fungicidas naturais é uma promissora medida para o controle de patógenos veiculados às sementes. Sementes de amendoim têm elevada suscetibilidade ao ataque de fungos habitantes do solo. Devido à importância da cultura do amendoim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de extratos vegetais no controle de patógenos veiculados às sementes. Para tanto, foram utilizados extratos de alho (<em>Allium sativum</em>), carambola (<em>Averrhoa carambola</em>), eucalipto (<em>Eucaliptus </em>sp.), goiaba (<em>Psidium guajava</em>), mamona (<em>Ricinus communis</em>), melão-de-São-Caetano (<em>Momordica charantia</em>), mororó (<em>Bauhinia cheilanta</em>), mulungu (<em>Erythrina mulungu</em>), pinhão-manso (<em>Jatropha curcas</em>) e pitanga (<em>Eugenia uniflora</em>). Os extratos foram testados no tratamento de sementes e na avaliação do efeito fungitóxico sobre os patógenos <em>Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger </em>e <em>Penicillium </em>sp<em>.</em> A aplicação dos extratos vegetais diminuiu a incidência fúngica nas sementes, sendo os extratos alcoólicos de goiaba, melão-de-São-Caetano e mamona, na concentração de 100%, os mais efetivos. Os extratos vegetais alcoólicos testados mostraram efeito fungitóxico sobre os patógenos <em>A. flavus, A. niger e Penicillium </em>sp<em>. </em>Conclui-se que os extratos de goiaba, mamona e melão-de-São-Caetano são potenciais ferramentas para serem utilizadas no controle de patógenos veiculados às sementes.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Garlic Extract, Allamanda Leaf Extract and Provax -200 on Seed Borne Fungi of Rice

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Yeasmin ◽  
M. Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
I. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nigrospora Oryzae

Seeds of rice were treated with Garlic (Allium sativum) clove extract @ 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 dilutions in water, allamanda (Allamanda cathartica) leaf extract @ 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 dilutions in water and Provax-200 @ 0.3% for controlling seed borne fungi, where the seed samples of three rice varieties viz. Katharee, Gutee Aus and Kalijira were collected from farmer’s storages of Bangladesh. The seed germination under control ranged from 64 to 77%, where treatments resulted up to 100% germination. The identified seed borne fungi of rice were Bipolaris oryzae, Curvularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme, Nigrospora oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp., where prevalence of Bipolaris oryzae (7.5%) and Fusarium moniliforme (8.3%) were the maximum. All the treatments significantly reduced the seed borne fungi up to 100% over the control, where Provax was found best and was statically similar to garlic (1:1) extract against seed borne pathogen of rice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11064The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 46-50

scholarly journals Effet des huiles de pourghère (Jatropha curcas L.) et de neem (Azadirachta indica

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1282-1293
Author(s):  
Issa Adamou ◽  
Zakari Abdoul Habou ◽  
Moussa S. Hassimi ◽  
Salamatou M. Mamane ◽  
Toudou Adam
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Neem Oil

Les huiles de Jatropha curcas communément appelé pourghère et de neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), sont testées comme alternatives aux pesticides chimiques dans l’optique d’y déceler de potentiels effets fongicides tout en préservant l’environnement. Les effets des deux huiles végétales sont comparés à ceux de deux fongicides conventionnels, la griséofulvine 250 mg et la nystatine ainsi que l’alcool 95°, sur cinq champignons phytopathogènes (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum et Rhizopus oryzae). Les observations ont porté sur la mesure du diamètre de la zone d’inhibition exercée par les différentes substances inhibitrices à travers les milieux gélosés. Le dispositif expérimental appliqué a été celui du bloc complètement randomisé de Fisher avec huit répétitions. Les moyennes des diamètres de la zone d’inhibition sont respectivement de 26,51 mm pour la nystatine, 14,53 mm pour la griséofulvine, 4,53 mm pour l’huile de neem, 3,05 mm pour l’huile de jatropha, et 0,00 mm pour l’alcool 95°. L’huile de neem a eu un effet inhibiteur net sur la croissance de l’ensemble des champignons testés. En revanche, l’huile de jatropha a exercé un meilleur contrôle de la croissance des espèces Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger et Rhizopus oryzae. Les deux huiles pourraient être recommandées dans la protection des denrées stockées, notamment les céréales.Mots clés : Extraits végétaux, effet fongicide, zone d’inhibition, lutte alternative. English Title: Effect of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) oils on in vitro devloppement of pathogenic funji Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum et Rhizopus oryzae Oils of Jatropha curcas (pourghère) and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) were tested as alternatives to chemical pesticides in a view to finding some potential fungicide effects harmless to environment. The effects of the two natural oils were compared with those of two conventional fungicides, griseofulvin 250 mg and nystatin and also alcohol 95° on five phytopathogenic fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizopus oryzae). Observations consisted in measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition by different substances through the agarose medium. The experimental device applied was the Fisher completely randomized bloc with eight repetitions. Means of inhibition zone diameters were respectively de 26.51 mm for nystatin, 14.53 mm for griseofulvin, 4.53 mm for neem oil, 3.05 mm for jatropha oil, and 0.00 mm for alcohol 95°. The neem oil showed good inhibition effect on the growth of the whole set of tested fungi. In contrast, jatropha oil exhibited a better fungal growth control on Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oryzae species. Thus, these two vegetable oils could be recommended in cereal protection in postharvest.Keywords: Vegetal oils, fungicide effects, inhibition zone, alternative control.

scholarly journals Parasitóides de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) associados a fruteiras tropicais

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter J. R. Matrangolo ◽  
Antonio S. Nascimento ◽  
Romulo S. Carvalho ◽  
Eliana D. Melo ◽  
Marli De Jesus
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Eugenia Uniflora ◽  
Diachasmimorpha Longicaudata

Foram encontradas espécies de himenópteros parasitando larvas de moscas-das-frutas no município de Conceição do Almeida, no Recôncavo Baiano, nas seguintes proporções: o Eucoilidae Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes) (12,2%), os braconídeos Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) (81,4%), Utetes (Bracanastrepha) anastrephae (Viereck) (0,7%) e Opius spp. (0,7%) além da espécie introduzida Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (5,0%). Foram feitas amostragens de setembro de 1995 a setembro de 1996, em frutos de goiaba (Psidium guajava L.), pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.), carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) e manga (Mangifera indica L.), caídos sob a copa das árvores. As pupas viáveis obtidas apresentaram parasitismo final de 7,4%, 43,9%, 10,2% e 19,0%, respectivamente. O parasitóide D. areolatus esteve presente em maior quantidade em todas as espécies de frutos, exceto em goiaba. D. longicaudata também foi detectado em todos os frutos coletados. Pitanga foi a fruteira de onde emergiu maior número de parasitóides (1.512 em 4.239 frutos coletados). A. pelleranoi foi o parasitóide predominante em goiaba.

scholarly journals Karakteristik mutu edible film karagenan dengan penambahan minyak atsiri bawang putih (Allim sativum) pada produk pasta ikan

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Khusnul Qotimah ◽  
Eko Nurcahya Dewi ◽  
Lukita Purnamayati
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Edible Film

Edible film merupakan pengemas biodegradable yang berasal dari bahan alami, termasuk karagenan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik edible film karagenan dengan penambahan minyak atsiri bawang putih (Allium sativum) konsentrasi berbeda pada produk pasta ikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen laboratorium menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan satu faktor yaitu konsentrasi minyak atsiri bawang putih (0%; 0,1%; 0,3%, dan 0,5%) (v/v), masing-masing perlakuan dilakukan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter uji terdiri dari kuat tarik, persen pemanjangan, laju transmisi uap air, dan aktivitas antijamur yang diisolasi dari bakso ikan, otak-otak ikan, dan sosis ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi penambahan minyak atsiri bawang putih yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kuat tarik, persen pemanjangan, laju transmisi uap air, dan aktivitas antijamur. Penambahan minyak atsiri bawang putih memberikan karakteristik dan aktivitas antijamur terbaik pada konsentrasi 0,5%, dengan kuat tarik sebesar 14,7 MPa, persen pemanjangan 25,98%, laju transmisi uap air 0,84 g/m2/jam, zona hambat terhadap Aspergillus niger 5,1 mm dan zona hambat terhadap Aspergillus flavus 4,13 mm.

scholarly journals Mycoflora Associated With Momordica Charantia L. And Their Pathogenic Potentiality

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Md Dulal Miya ◽  
Shamim Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
The World ◽  
Fusarium Sp

Momordica charantia L. (Bitter gourd) is one of the popular vegetable in Bangladesh as well as in the world. After harvesting the vegetables are contaminated with fungi within 3-4 days of short storage. An investigation was carried out to find out the fungi associated with fruits of two varieties of Momordica charantia during the tenure of May 2015 to June 2016. Nine species of fungi namely, Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger van Tiegh, Curvularia brchyspora Boedijn, Fusarium Link, Mucor Fresen, Penicillium Link, Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill and Trichoderma viride Pers. were found to be associated with the selected vegetable. .Aspergillus niger was predominating fungus associated with both the varieties of bitter gourd. Among the isolated 9 fungi A. niger, C. brchyspora, Fusarium sp., R. stolonifer and T. viride were found to be pathogenic to both the varieties of M. charantia. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 42(2): 145-152, December 2016

Mycoflora in Commercial Pet Foods

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANTE J. BUENO ◽  
JULIO O. SILVA ◽  
GUILLERMO OLIVER
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Mucor Racemosus ◽  
Isolation Frequency ◽  
Mycelia Sterilia ◽  
Made In

This article reports on the identification of mycoflora of 21 dry pet foods (12 belonging to dogs and 9 to cats) that corresponded to 8 commercial brands made in Argentina and imported. The isolation frequency and relative density of the prevalent fungal genera are compared too. Ten genera and fungi classified as Mycelia sterilia were identified. The predominant genera were Aspergillus (62%), Rhizopus (48%), and Mucor (38%). The most prevalent among Aspergillus was Aspergillus flavus followed by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus. The predominant Mucor was Mucor racemosus followed by Mucor plumbeus and Mucor globosus. The moisture content of these foods ranged from 5.6 to 10.0% and from 7.2 to 9.9% for dog and cat foods, respectively. A greater moisture content in food for the senior category (9.5 ± 0.2) was observed only in comparison to adult and kitten/puppy. If the moisture content can be maintained at these levels, mold growth would be prevented or at least it would remain at an insignificant level. Some genera and species isolated and identified from the foods analyzed are potentially producing toxins, which are known as mycotoxins. This involves a risk for animal health.

scholarly journals Propagação vegetativa de camu-camu por meio de enxertia intergenérica na família Myrtaceae

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1477-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Suguino ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues de Araújo ◽  
Salim Simão
Keyword(s):  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Eugenia Uniflora ◽  
Myrciaria Dubia

O camu-camu [Myrciaria dubia (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) McVaugh], da família Myrtaceae, é encontrado em áreas inundáveis da Região Amazônica e utilizado como conservante em antioxidantes por seu alto teor de ácido ascórbico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar porta-enxertos desta família, adaptados a terra firme, visando à propagação vegetativa de camu-camu. Selecionaram-se duzentas e quarenta mudas de camu-camu, goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.) e pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora L.), que receberam quatro tipos de enxertia, originando doze tratamentos de sessenta plantas, com cinco repetições. Apenas o porta-enxerto de camu-camu se mostrou compatível. A incompatibilidade entre camu-camu e os porta-enxertos de goiabeira e pitangueira foi demonstrada por análises anatômicas.

scholarly journals عزل وتعريف واختبار كفاءة بعض الفطريات في تحلل الهيدروكربون من التربة الملوثة بالنفط

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
سعاد محمد خليفة أبوالغيث ◽  
أحلام القمودي محمد زعيط
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Malt Extract Agar ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Extract Agar

استهدفت هذه الدراسة عزل بعض أنواع الفطريات من التربة الملوثة بالهيدروكربون بمصفاة الزاوية لتكرير النفط، حيث تم عزل وتعريف بعض الفطريات مثل Rhizopus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans وأوضحت نتائج هذه الدراسة أن تواجد وتنوع فطر Aspergillus قد تفوق معنويا مقارنة بتواجد وتنوع فطرRhizopus. كما تم في هذه الدراسة اختبار قدرة وكفاءة الفطريات المعزولة على النمو واستغلال المركبات الهيدروكربونية المتمثلة في زيت الحمادة وزيت الشرارة بتركيز 1% و3%، حيث أوضحت النتائج بأن جنس Rhizopus سجل أعلى معدل للنمو على الوسط الغذائي Malt Extract Agar، وسجل كلا من فطر A. fumigatus وفطر A. flavus معدّل النمو القطري أعلى معنويا من النمو القطري لفطرA. niger  وفطر A. nidulans. هذه المعدّلات العالية تدل على إمكانية استخدام الفطريات المعزولة في المعالجة البيولوجية للتربة الملوّثة بالنفط.

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