The prevalence of adaptive immunity to COVID-19 and reinfection after recovery – a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 011 447 individuals

Research purpose: The research aims to estimate the prevalence of detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, T and B memory cells after recovery, to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, and to investigate the protective efficacy of infection with SARS-CoV-2 against reinfection. Methodology: Several online databases were searched for studies conducted between 1 January 2020 to 1 April 2021. Studies which compared COVID-19 infection between individuals with and without prior infection were included and assessed for quality and risk of bias. Pooled estimates of the prevalence of humoral and cellular immunity parameters and reinfection were obtained in a meta-analysis using bias adjusted synthesis methods. Findings: At ≥ 6 months after recovery, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 specific immunological memory remained high; IgG – 90.4% (95%CI 72.2-99.9, I2=89.0%, p<0.01, 5 studies), and CD4+ - 91.7% (95%CI 78.2 – 97.1, one study). The pooled prevalence of reinfection was 0.2% (95%CI 0.0 – 0.7, I2 = 98.8, 9 studies). Individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 had an 81% reduction in odds of a reinfection (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.1 - 0.3, I2 = 90.5%, 5 studies). Research value: This review of 12 million individuals presents evidence that most individuals who recover from COVID-19 develop immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2, thus, reinfection after recovery was rare.

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A systematic review and meta-analysis for association of Helicobacter pylori colonization and celiac disease

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0241156 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0241156

Author(s):

Fazel Isapanah Amlashi ◽

Zahra Norouzi ◽

Ahmad Sohrabi ◽

Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski ◽

Alireza Norouzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

Publication Bias ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Protective Role ◽

Negative Association ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Control Group ◽

Synthesis Methods

Background and objectives Based on some previous observational studies, there is a theory that suggests a potential relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization and celiac disease (CeD); however, the type of this relationship is still controversial. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore all related primary studies to find any possible association between CeD and human H. pylori colonization. Data sources Studies were systematically searched and collected from four databases and different types of gray literature to cover all available evidence. After screening, the quality and risk of bias assessment of the selected articles were evaluated. Synthesis methods Meta-analysis calculated pooled odds ratio (OR) on the extracted data. Furthermore, heterogeneity, sensitivity, subgroups, and publication bias analyses were assessed. Results Twenty-six studies were included in this systematic review, with a total of 6001 cases and 135512 control people. The results of meta-analysis on 26 studies showed a significant and negative association between H. pylori colonization and CeD (pooled OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.45–0.70; P < 0.001), with no publication bias (P = 0.825). The L’Abbé plots also showed a trend of having more H. pylori colonization in the control group. Among subgroups, ORs were notably different only when the data were stratified by continents or risk of bias; however, subgroup analysis could not determine the source of heterogeneity. Conclusions According to the meta-analysis, this negative association might imply a mild protective role of H. pylori against celiac disease. Although this negative association is not strong, it is statistically significant and should be further considered. Further investigations in both molecular and clinic fields with proper methodology and more detailed information are needed to discover more evidence and underlying mechanisms to clear the interactive aspects of H. pylori colonization in CeD patients. Systematic review registration number (PROSPERO) CRD42020167730 https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=167730.

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Prevalence of smoking in adults with spinal cord stimulators: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine ◽

10.1136/rapm-2019-100996 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 214-218

Author(s):

W Michael Hooten ◽

Rajat N Moman ◽

Jodie Dvorkin ◽

E Morgan Pollard ◽

Robalee Wonderman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Future Research ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Studies ◽

Pooled Prevalence

BackgroundSmoking adversely impacts pain-related outcomes of spinal cord stimulation (SCS). However, the proportion of SCS patients at risk of worse outcomes is limited by an incomplete knowledge of smoking prevalence in this population. Thus, the primary aim of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence of smoking in adults with chronic pain treated with SCS.MethodsA comprehensive search of databases from 1 January 1980 to 3 January 2019 was conducted. Eligible study designs included (1) randomized trials; (2) prospective and retrospective cohort studies; and (3) cross-sectional studies. The risk of bias was assessed using a tool specifically developed for prevalence studies. A total of 1619 records were screened, 19 studies met inclusion criteria, and the total number of participants was 10 838.ResultsThirteen studies had low or moderate risk of bias, and six had a high risk of bias. All 19 studies reported smoking status and the pooled prevalence was 38% (95% CI 30% to 47%). The pooled prevalence in 6 studies of peripheral vascular diseases was 56% (95% CI 42% to 69%), the pooled prevalence of smoking in 11 studies of lumbar spine diagnoses was 28% (95% CI 20% to 36%) and the pooled prevalence in 2 studies of refractory angina was 44% (95% CI 31% to 58%).ConclusionsThe estimated prevalence of smoking in SCS patients is 2.5 times greater than the general population. Future research should focus on development, testing and deployment of tailored smoking cessation treatments for SCS patients.

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Burden of cervical lesion in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.17150/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ayele Semachew ◽

Tadesse Dagget ◽

Yeshiwork Beyene ◽

Getnet Dessie ◽

Aklilu Endalamaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Cervical Lesion ◽

Online Databases ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Meta Regression Analysis ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Though cervical cancer is largely preventable, it is still the second most common female cancer globally and the leading cause of cancer deaths among females in African. Though many efforts has been done to study the burden of the disease in Ethiopia, there are still fragmented primary studies reported cervical lesion. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed in estimating the pooled prevalence of cervical cancer and its trend in Ethiopia. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using available data. PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Google Scholar, African Index Medicus (AIM), African Journals Online databases and Ethiopian University research repositories were searched following the Preferred Items for Systematic review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guideline. STATA 15 statistical software was used to analyse the data. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal tool for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochrane Q test and I2 test statistics based on the random effects model. A random effect model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of cervical lesion in Ethiopia. In addition, the trend of cervical lesion in the country was depicted. Result: Fifteen studies with a total of 25,348 participants were included in the analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of cervical lesion was 16.36 (95 CI: 10.97-21.75). The subgroup analysis by region showed the highest prevalence of cervical lesion at the Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples Region (19.65%; 95% CI: 15.51 – 23.80). The trend of cervical lesion showed an increased pattern overtime from 1992 to 2018 in the meta-regression analysis. Conclusion: One among six of the study participants had cervical lesion. The trend also showed that there is still an increased cervical lesion in the country. Best practices in achieving high vaccination coverage shall be adapted from other successful countries. Key words: Cervical cancer, cervical lesion, systematic review, Ethiopia

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Prevalence of chronic pain after spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine ◽

10.1136/rapm-2020-101960 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. rapm-2020-101960

Author(s):

Christine Hunt ◽

Rajat Moman ◽

Ashley Peterson ◽

Rachel Wilson ◽

Stephen Covington ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Chronic Pain ◽

Classification System ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Prevalence Estimates

BackgroundThe reported prevalence of chronic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) varies widely due, in part, to differences in the taxonomy of chronic pain. A widely used classification system is available to describe subcategories of chronic pain in SCI, but the prevalence of chronic pain in SCI based on this system is unknown.ObjectiveThe primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the prevalence of chronic pain after SCI based on the International Spinal Cord Injury Pain (ISCIP) classification system.Evidence reviewA comprehensive search of databases from January 1980 to August 2019 was conducted. The risk of bias was assessed using a modified tool developed for uncontrolled studies. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to assess certainty in prevalence estimates.FindingsA total of 1305 records were screened, and 37 studies met inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of overall chronic pain was 68% (95% CI 63% to 73%). The pooled prevalence of neuropathic pain in 13 studies was 58% (95% CI 49% to 68%); the pooled prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in 11 studies was 56% (95% CI 41% to 70%); the pooled prevalence of visceral pain in 8 studies was 20% (95% CI 11% to 29%) and the pooled prevalence of nociceptive pain in 2 studies was 45% (95% CI 13% to 78%). Meta-regression of risk of bias (p=0.20), traumatic versus non-traumatic etiology of injury (p=0.59), and studies where pain was a primary outcome (p=0.32) demonstrated that these factors were not significant moderators of heterogeneity. Certainty in prevalence estimates was judged to be low due to unexplained heterogeneity.ConclusionThis systematic review and meta-analysis extends the findings of previous studies by reporting the prevalence of chronic pain after SCI based on the ISCIP classification system, thereby reducing clinical heterogeneity in the reporting of pain prevalence related to SCI.

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Gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontline Gastroenterology ◽

10.1136/flgastro-2020-101529 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. flgastro-2020-101529 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anthony K Akobeng ◽

Ciaran Grafton-Clarke ◽

Ibtihal Abdelgadir ◽

Erica Twum-Barimah ◽

Morris Gordon

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

English Language ◽

Case Reports ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Case Series ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Gastrointestinal Manifestations ◽

Published Evidence ◽

Pooled Prevalence

ObjectivesTo summarise the published evidence on the gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 in children and to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and the WHO’s database of publications on novel coronavirus. We included English language studies that had described original demographic and clinical characteristics of children diagnosed with COVID-19 and reported on the presence or absence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Meta-analysis was conducted using the random-effects model. The pooled prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms was expressed as proportion and 95% CI.ResultsThe search identified 269 citations. Thirteen studies (nine case series and four case reports) comprising data for 284 patients were included. Overall, we rated four studies as having a low risk of bias, eight studies as moderate and one study as high risk of bias. In a meta-analysis of nine studies, comprising 280 patients, the pooled prevalence of all gastrointestinal symptoms was 22.8% (95% CI 13.1% to 35.2%; I2=54%). Diarrhoea was the most commonly reported gastrointestinal symptom followed by vomiting and abdominal pain.ConclusionsNearly a quarter of children with COVID-19 have gastrointestinal symptoms. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the gastrointestinal manifestation of COVID-19.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020177569.

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Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women of childbearing age in Africa during 2000–2016: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024345 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e024345

Author(s):

Tawanda Chivese ◽

Mahmoud M Werfalli ◽

Itai Magodoro ◽

Rekai Lionel Chinhoyi ◽

A P Kengne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

African Women ◽

Women Of Childbearing Age ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Pooled Prevalence

ObjectivesThe aim of this research was to estimate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), in African women of childbearing age.Study designSystematic review and meta-analysis of relevant African studies published from January 2000 to December 2016.Data sourcesWe searched several databases, including EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, grey literature and references of included studies.SettingStudies carried out in African communities or any population-based studies were included.ParticipantsWe included studies, carried out in Africa, with non-pregnant women of childbearing age. Studies must have been published between the years 2000 and 2016.OutcomesThe primary outcome was prevalent T2DM. The secondary outcomes were IFG and IGT.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently extracted data and, using the adapted Hoy risk of bias tool, independently assessed for risk of bias. We used random-effects meta-analysis models to pool prevalence estimates across studies. We used Cochran’s Q statistic and the I2 statistic to assess heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 39 studies from 27 countries were included, totaling 52 075 participants, of which 3813 had T2DM. The pooled prevalence of T2DM was 7.2% (95% CI 5.6% to 8.9%) overall and increased with age. The pooled prevalence was 6.0% (95% CI 4.2% to 8.2%) for impaired fasting glycemia while the prevalence of IGT ranged from 0.9% to 37.0% in women aged 15–24 and 45–54 years, respectively. Substantial heterogeneity across studies was not explained by major studies characteristics such as period of publication, rural/urban setting or whether a study was nationally representative or not.ConclusionThis review highlights the need for interventions to prevent and control diabetes in African women of childbearing age, in view of the significant prevalence of T2DM and prediabetes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42015027635

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A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis for Association of Helicobacter pylori Colonization and Celiac Disease

10.1101/2020.10.12.335836 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fazel Isapanah Amlashi ◽

Zahra Norouzi ◽

Ahmad Sohrabi ◽

Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski ◽

Alireza Norouzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

Publication Bias ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Negative Association ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Control Group ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

H Pylori

AbstractBackground and objectivesBased on some previous observational studies there is a theory that suggests a potential relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization and celiac disease (CD), however, the type of this relationship is still controversial. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore all related primary studies to find any possible association between CD and human H. pylori colonization.Data sourcesStudies were systematically searched and collected from four databases and different types of gray literature to cover all available evidence. After screening, the quality and risk of bias assessment of the selected articles were evaluated.Synthesis methodsMeta-analysis calculated pooled odds ratio (OR) on the extracted data. Furthermore, heterogeneity, sensitivity, subgroups, and publication bias analyses were assessed.ResultsTwenty-four studies were included in this systematic review, with a total of 5241 cases and 132947 control people. The results of meta-analysis on 24 studies showed a significant and negative association between H. pylori colonization and CD (pooled OR= 0.58; 95% CI = 0.45 - 0.76; P < 0.001), with no publication bias (P = 0.407). The L’Abbé plots also showed a trend of having more H. pylori colonization in the control group. Among subgroups, ORs were notably different only when the data were stratified by continents or risk of bias; however, subgroup analysis could not determine the source of heterogeneity.ConclusionsAccording to the meta-analysis, H. pylori has a mild protective role toward CD. Although this negative association is not strong, it is statistically significant and should be further considered. Further investigations in both molecular and clinic fields with proper methodology and more detailed information are needed to discover more evidence and underlying mechanisms to clear the interactive aspects of H. pylori colonization in CD patients.Systematic review registration number (PROSPERO)CRD42020167730

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Sarcopenia in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.598035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yingying Cai ◽

Fei Feng ◽

Qianqian Wei ◽

Zheng Jiang ◽

Ruwei Ou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Random Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional Studies

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) and sarcopenia are two common diseases in aging people. To date, the prevalence of sarcopenia in PD patients and the relationship between clinical features and sarcopenia in PD patients are not clear. The aim of the study was to (1) assess the prevalence of sarcopenia in PD patients and (2) reveal the clinical features between PD patients with and without sarcopenia.Method: A systematic review was carried out through screening PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane database in May 2020. All study designs (case–control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies) were eligible for meta-analysis. Data of patients' characteristics, sarcopenia criteria, sarcopenia prevalence, and sarcopenia measures were retrieved. The primary outcome was estimated prevalence of sarcopenia by a pooled prevalence (%) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), using a random-effects model. The secondary outcome was the differences in clinical features between PD patients with and without sarcopenia by meta-analysis. Included articles were assessed for risk of bias. Potential sources of variation were investigated by using subgroup analyses and meta-regression.Result: Ten studies were included in the review. Among them, nine were cross-sectional studies, and one was a prospective cohort study. Age of participants with PD in the studies ranged from 51.1 to 80.7 years. The estimated prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 6 to 55.5%. The random-effects pooled prevalence was 29% (95% CIs: 0.18–0.40). When only studies at low risk of bias were considered, pooled prevalence decreased to 17% (95% CIs: 0.02–0.33), with still high heterogeneity. The incidence of falls in PD patients with sarcopenia was higher than that in PD patients without sarcopenia. There was no difference in sex ratio between PD patients with and without sarcopenia.Conclusion: Sarcopenia seems to be common in patients with PD. Early assessment of sarcopenia should be implemented in PD to avoid fall and disability.

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of left ventricular non-compaction in adults

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz317 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (14) ◽

pp. 1428-1436 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Samantha B Ross ◽

Katherine Jones ◽

Bianca Blanch ◽

Rajesh Puranik ◽

Kevin McGeechan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Physiological Adaptation ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

Pathological Disease ◽

Cmr Imaging

Abstract Aims To assess the reported prevalence of left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) in different adult cohorts, taking in to consideration the role of diagnostic criteria and imaging modalities used. Methods and results A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting LVNC prevalence in adults. Studies were sourced from Pre-Medline, Medline, and Embase and assessed for eligibility according to inclusion criteria. Eligible studies provided a prevalence of LVNC in adult populations (≥12 years). Studies were assessed, and data extracted by two independent reviewers. Fifty-nine eligible studies documenting LVNC in 67 unique cohorts were included. The majority of studies were assessed as moderate or high risk of bias. The pooled prevalence estimates for LVNC were consistently higher amongst cohorts diagnosed on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging (14.79%, n = 26; I2 = 99.45%) compared with echocardiogram (1.28%, n = 36; I2 = 98.17%). This finding was unchanged when analysis was restricted to studies at low or moderate risk of bias. The prevalence of LVNC varied between disease and population representative cohorts. Athletic cohorts demonstrated high pooled prevalence estimates on echocardiogram (3.16%, n = 5; I2 = 97.37%) and CMR imaging (27.29%, n = 2). Conclusion Left ventricular non-compaction in adult populations is a poorly defined entity which likely encompasses both physiological adaptation and pathological disease. There is a higher prevalence with the introduction of newer imaging technologies, specifically CMR imaging, which identify LVNC changes more readily. The clinical significance of these findings remains unclear; however, there is significant potential for overdiagnosis, overtreatment, and unnecessary follow-up.

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Gender differences in blindness, cataract blindness and cataract surgical coverage in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313562 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 220-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Manya Prasad ◽

Sumit Malhotra ◽

Mani Kalaivani ◽

Praveen Vashist ◽

Sanjeev K Gupta

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Literature Search ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Gender Differentials ◽

Indian Context ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Meta Analyses

BackgroundThe magnitude of blindness is unevenly distributed worldwide. This systematic review aimed to study gender differences in the prevalence of blindness, cataract blindness and cataract surgical coverage in India among persons aged 50 years and above.MethodsLiterature search was carried out in the Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EMBASE and Trip databases. Data were abstracted and risk of bias was assessed for the selected full-text articles. Pooled prevalence, ORs and risk differences were synthesised by meta-analyses.Results22 studies were included in the systematic review. The pooled prevalence of blindness obtained for men was 4.17% and that for women was 5.68%. Women had 35% higher odds of being blind (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.62) and 69% higher odds of being cataract blind (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.44 to 1.95). Women had a 27% lower odds of getting cataract surgery (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.01). In women, around 35% of the prevalence of blindness and 33% of the prevalence of cataract blindness are attributable to their gender.ConclusionMarked gender differences in blindness, cataract blindness and cataract surgical coverage were seen in India, with the odds being unfavourable for women. Interventions implemented for reduction of blindness, including cataract blindness, need to consider these gender differentials in the Indian context. Further research is needed to ascertain the reasons for these differences and devise interventions to reduce these differences in order to tackle the magnitude of avoidable blindness in India.

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