FREQUENCY AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM ASPIRATION SPECIMENS OF PATIENTS WITH HIP AND KNEE INFECTIONS AT A HOSPITAL IN BAGHDAD

The present study was carried out to determine the frequency of bacteria responsible for hip and knee infections at a hospital in Baghdad/Iraq and to get an updated knowledge about their antibiotic resistance pattern during a period of study which extended from 1 October, 2016 till 1 October, 2017. Identification of bacteria at species level was done by using Analytic Profile Index (API) system (Bio-Merieux, France). The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to Kirby-Bauer (disk diffusion) technique. The frequency of positive aspiration of hip and knee joint infections cultures was 25(65.79%) cases out of 38 hip and knee joint aspiration. Out of 25 positive aspirations of hip and knee joint infections cultures, 3(12%) cultures gave mix growth of bacteria. Frequency of positive hip and knee joint infections cultures was higher in male than female patients, 19(76%) vs. 6(24%) (P-value ≤ 0.05). Out of 28 isolated bacteria, Gram positive was the most frequently isolated bacteria in hip and knee joint infection cultures, 22(78.6%) vs. 6(21.4%) (P-value < 0.05). Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequently isolated 13(46.5%) isolates followed by Staphylococcus aureus isolates 7(25%). On other hand Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated Gram negative bacteria 3(10.7 %%) in hip and knee joint infection cultures. The most effective antibiotic on Gram-positive isolates was Vancomycin which showed 95.5%. In Gram negative bacteria the most effective antibiotics were Imipenem (100%) followed by Amikacin which showed sensitivity rate 83.33.

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IMPACT OF WORK LIFE BALANCE ON INSTITUTIONAL COMMITMENT AMONG MATHEMATICS WOMEN TEACHERS

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i12se.2016.2323 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (12SE) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

D. Jeslin ◽

G.Ramesh Babu

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Joint Infection ◽

Work Life ◽

Work Life Balance ◽

Institutional Commitment ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Life Balance ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Knee Joint Infection

Institutional commitment is the degree to which an employee identifies with a particular institution and wishes to maintain membership in the institution. An individual who has high institutional commitment is willing to exert extra effort on behalf of the institution, and has a strong desire to remain within the institution. The high level of institutional commitment reduces absenteeism and turnover. If an employee deeply committed to their institution perform roles beyond their formal job description. These extra roles improve institutional effectiveness. Those who are deeply committed to their institution give less time to their non-work life. Those who are strongly attached and committed to their institution tended to enjoy highly successful career and non-work life as well. The reason attributed to this is the job satisfaction such employees experience and relishes help them balance their career and home life. The objective of the study was to investigate the level of institutional commitment and the impact of work life balance on institutional commitment among the mathematics women school teachers in Kanyakumari district. Out of 28 isolated bacteria, Gram positive was the most frequently isolated bacteria in hip and knee joint infection cultures, 22(78.6%) vs. 6(21.4%) (P-value < 0.05). Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequently isolated 13(46.5%) isolates followed by Staphylococcus aureus isolates 7(25%). On other hand Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated Gram negative bacteria 3(10.7 %%) in hip and knee joint infection cultures. The most effective antibiotic on Gram-positive isolates was Vancomycin which showed 95.5%. In Gram negative bacteria the most effective antibiotics were Imipenem (100%) followed by Amikacin which showed sensitivity rate 83.33.

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Culturing Periprosthetic Tissues in BacT/Alert® Virtuo Blood Culture Bottles for a Short Duration of Post-operative Empirical Antibiotic Therapy

Journal of Bone and Joint Infection ◽

10.7150/jbji.44621 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 145-150

Author(s):

Claire Duployez ◽

Frédéric Wallet ◽

Henri Migaud ◽

Eric Senneville ◽

Caroline Loiez

Keyword(s):

Blood Culture ◽

Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Joint Infection ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Joint Infections ◽

Gram Positive Cocci

Abstract. Introduction: A post-operative empirical antibiotic therapy (PEAT) is required in periprosthetic joint infections. It commonly uses broad-spectrum antibiotics to cover most Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli. It is currently continued until first microbiological results are available, no less than five days later.Methods: We performed a retrospective study in order to evaluate duration of incubation required for surgical samples using the BacT/Alert® Virtuo blood culture bottles system.Results: Among 216 surgical interventions and 199 clinical strains (53.8% staphylococci, 22,1% streptococci and enterococci, 14,6% Gram-negative bacilli, 5,5% anaerobes), 90.5% of the strains were detected between day 0 and day 2; 15 infective strains are cultured from day 3 including 8 Cutibacterium sp., 4 staphylococci, 2 streptococci and 1 Enterococcus.Conclusions: We suggest that the duration of PEAT in patients operated for a periprosthetic joint infection may be shortened to three days as Gram-negative rods are unlikely to grow after three days of culture by using BacT/Alert® Virtuo blood culture bottles. This is likely to shorten the overall length of hospital stay, to diminish the occurrence of adverse side effects, and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. However, coverage of Gram-positive cocci should be maintained for 14 days until the definite culture results are available.

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Bloodstream infections in a medical–surgical intensive care unit: incidence, aetiology, antimicrobial resistance patterns of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

Clinical Microbiology and Infection ◽

10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02863.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 943-946 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

I. Erdem ◽

A. Ozgultekin ◽

A. Sengoz Inan ◽

D. Ozturk Engin ◽

S. Senbayrak Akcay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Surgical Intensive Care Unit ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Surgical Intensive Care ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Resistance Patterns

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Are Cement Spacers and Beads Loaded with the Correct Antibiotic(s) at the Site of Periprosthetic Hip and Knee Joint Infections?

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10020143 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 143

Author(s):

Konstantinos Anagnostakos ◽

Ismail Sahan

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Joint Infection ◽

Great Majority ◽

Future Studies ◽

Joint Infections ◽

Knee Joint Infection ◽

Culture Negative

The optimal impregnation of antibiotic-loaded bone cement in the treatment of periprosthetic hip and knee joint infection is unknown. It is also unclear, whether a suboptimal impregnation might be associated with a higher persistence of infection. A total of 93 patients (44 knee, 49 hip) were retrospectively evaluated, and the most common organism was a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, followed by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Of all the organisms, 37.1% were resistant against gentamicin and 54.2% against clindamycin. All organisms were susceptible against vancomycin. In 41 cases, gentamicin-loaded beads were inserted and in 52 cases, spacers: (2 loaded only with gentamicin, 18 with gentamicin + vancomycin, 19 with gentamicin + clindamycin, and 13 with gentamicin + vancomycin + clindamycin). The analysis of each antibiotic impregnation showed that complete susceptibility was present in 38.7% of the cases and partial susceptibility in 28%. In the remaining 33.3%, no precise statement can be made because either there was a culture-negative infection or the antibiotic(s) were not tested against the specific organism. At a mean follow-up of 27.9 months, treatment failure was observed in 6.7% of the cases. Independent of which antibiotic impregnation was used, when the organism was susceptible against the locally inserted antibiotics or not tested, reinfection or persistence of infection was observed in the great majority of cases. Future studies about the investigation of the optimal impregnation of antibiotic-loaded bone cement are welcome.

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Antimicrobial Resistance pattern of Common Bacterial Pathogens in Tertiary Care Hospitals in Dhaka City

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjmm.v7i2.19327 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 13-16

Author(s):

Durdana Chowdhury ◽

Sanya Tahmina Jhora ◽

Mili Rani Saha ◽

Najmun Nahar

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Medical College ◽

Microbiological Methods

Bacterial pathogens were isolated from pus, wound swab, urine, blood and throat swab. A total of 300 samples were collected from Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital (SSMC & MH), BIRDEM and National Medical College (NMCH) and processed following standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed on pure culture isolates by employing Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method for the commonly used antibiotics. 326 (93.33%) bacterial pathogens were isolated from 300 patients. Single bacterial pathogen was present in 78% cases and mixed bacterial pathogens were in 15.40% cases. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species (38.66%) followed by Escherichia coli (38%), Pseudomonas spp. (13.33%), Proteus spp. (8.33%), CoNS (7.66%), Serratia spp (2.85%), Klebsiella spp. (2.00%) and Acinetobacter spp. (0.97%). Resistance rate towards amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole and ceftriaxone were high among both Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates. However, both groups showed good susceptibility to gentamicin and levofloxacin. S. aureus and CoNS showed 100% sensitivity to vancomycin and all isolated Gram negative organisms showed 98-100% sensitivity to imipenem.These results indicate that gentamicin and levofloxacin may be convenient alternative antimicrobial agent for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and vancomycin for Gram positive and imipenem for Gram negative bacteria as well.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v7i2.19327 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2013; 07(02): 13-16

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The Antibacterial Activities of NiO Nanoparticles Against Some Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains

International journal of basic science in medicine ◽

10.15171/ijbsm.2019.14 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 69-74

Author(s):

Ghazaleh Ilbeigi ◽

Ashraf Kariminik ◽

Mohammad Hasan Moshafi

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Nio Nanoparticles ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative

Introduction: Given the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance among bacterial strains, many researchers have been working to produce new and efficient and inexpensive antibacterial agents. It has been reported that some nanoparticles may be used as novel antimicrobial agents.Here, we evaluated antibacterial properties of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles. Methods: NiO nanoparticles were synthesized using microwave method. In order to control the quality and morphology of nanoparticles, XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (scanning electronmicroscope) were utilized. The antibacterial properties of the nanoparticles were assessed against eight common bacterial strains using agar well diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured. Antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacteria to nine antibiotics was obtained by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: The crystalline size and diameter (Dc) of NiO nanoparticles were obtained 40-60 nm. The nanoparticles were found to inhibit the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with higher activity against gram-positive organisms. Among bacterial strains, maximum sensitivity was observed in Staphylococcus epidermidis with MIC and MBC of 0.39 and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively. The bacteria had high resistance to cefazolin, erythromycin, rifampicin,ampicillin, penicillin and streptomycin.Conclusion: NiO nanoparticles exhibited remarkable antibacterial properties against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria and can be a new treatment for human pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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Bacterial etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of neonatal sepsis: a study in a tertiary care hospital, in Bangladesh

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20193098 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 1839

Author(s):

Mahfuza Shirin ◽

M. Monir Hossain ◽

Manifa Afrin ◽

Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The objective of the study was to detect causative microorganisms of neonatal sepsis and their antimicrobial resistance patterns.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018 in the Department of Neonatal Medicine and NICU of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital (DSH). Neonates diagnosed with probable sepsis were studied. After enrollment, 1 mL blood was taken and sent to Microbiology department of DSH for culture and sensitivity. With baseline characteristics, clinical examination findings and outcome, were also recorded.Results: Rate of isolation of single organism was 9.2% (84/913). Out of 84 isolates, gram negative bacteria were 77.4% with Klebsiella pneumonae being the commonest (35, 41.7%), gram positive bacteria were 11.9% with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus were equal (5, 5.95% each) and the remaining (9, 10.7%) isolated organism was Candida. Most of the isolated gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin, and ceftazidime; but gram-positive bacteria preserved 20-80% sensitivity. Klebsiella was more resistant than Acinetobacter to amikacin, netilmicin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Around 45-65% of gram-negative bacteria were resistant to imipenem and meropenem but gram-positive bacteria showed lesser resistance. Among the gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella and Acinetobacter were resistant to piperacillin as same as carbapenem group, but gram-positive bacteria were 100% sensitive to piperacillin. All the gram-negative bacteria showed more resistance to 4th generation cephalosporin, cefepime than carbapenem. Out of culture positive 84 neonates, 63 (75.0%) were cured but 21 (25.0%) died. Among the 21 expired neonates, 47.6% (10/21) were infected with Klebsiella.Conclusion: This study observed that gram-negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis predominantly, with emergence of Candida. All the isolated gram-positive and gram-negative organisms were mostly resistant to available antibiotics

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Pattern of antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative bacilli in surgical site infections in in-patients and out-patients at an apex trauma Center: 2013–2016

Journal of Laboratory Physicians ◽

10.4103/jlp.jlp_80_18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (04) ◽

pp. 432-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nidhi Bhardwaj ◽

Surbhi Khurana ◽

Minu Kumari ◽

Rajesh Malhotra ◽

Purva Mathur

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Surgical Site Infections ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Mueller Hinton Agar

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing problem worldwide especially among the surgical site infections (SSIs). SSI is becoming more serious due to hospital-acquired infections/nosocomial infections, which further leads to the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics. To investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns among Gram-negative bacteria in SSI in in- and out-patients the present study was designed. METHODOLOGY: During the 4 years (January 2013–December 2016), the antimicrobial resistant pattern was studied in the admitted patients and in the patients who were followed up to the outpatients department (OPD) after discharge. Antimicrobial resistance pattern testing was done by the disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar and by E-test for ten antibiotics according to The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines for Gram-negative bacilli. RESULTS: A total of 2,447 strains were isolated from the studied population on over the period of 4 years. Of 2447, 1996 (81%) were isolated from patients who had SSI during the hospital stay, and 451 (18%) were from patients who attended the OPD after discharge. In the outpatients, who followed up in the OPD for the SSI, Escherichia coli (148), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (93), whereas in the patients who develop SSI during their hospital stay, Acinetobacter baumannii (622), E. coli (424), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (315) were found to be common. A very high resistance pattern was observed in both the studied groups; however, a higher resistance pattern was seen in in-patients as compared to outpatients. CONCLUSION: In our study, we have reported resistance pattern in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the patients who were came for the follow as well as in the inpatients. For the outpatients, it can be concluded that it could be a community-acquired infection which is also an alarming condition for our society.

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On Gram-Positive- and Gram-Negative-Bacteria-Associated Canine and Feline Skin Infections: A 4-Year Retrospective Study of the University Veterinary Microbiology Diagnostic Laboratory of Naples, Italy

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061603 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1603

Author(s):

Francesca Paola Nocera ◽

Monica Ambrosio ◽

Filomena Fiorito ◽

Laura Cortese ◽

Luisa De Martino

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

P Value ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Diagnostic Laboratory ◽

Gram Negative ◽

The University

A 4-year retrospective study (2016–2019) of selected routine bacteriological examinations of the veterinary microbiology laboratory of the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Naples (Italy) was carried out. A total of 189 bacteriological samples were collected from 171 dogs and 18 cats suffering from skin infections. In dogs, the most common cutaneous infection was otitis externa, while pyoderma was found to be prevalent in cats. The number of recorded Gram-positive strains over the study period did not vary considerably from year to year and was always significantly higher (p-value = 0.0007) in comparison with Gram-negative bacterial isolations. In dogs, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was the most common identified Gram-positive bacterium (65%), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36%) was the one among the isolated Gram-negative bacteria. In cats, coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most predominant isolated bacteria (47%). The phenotypic profiles of antibiotic resistance showed that most of the strains were resistant to amoxicillin–clavulanate, penicillin, clindamycin, and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. Several multi-drug-resistant strains (35%) were detected in canine isolates. An updating of antibiotic resistance profiles of the main Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria principally associated with skin infections of pet animals is necessary to improve stewardship programs of veterinary hospitals and clinics.

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