scholarly journals Historicity of Padmavat

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Literary Texts ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hindi Literature ◽  
Medieval India ◽  
History Books

In Hindi literature, 'Padmavat' is Daidipyaman Nakshatra. Jayasi created this epic in the 16th century in the typical Awadhi language. The sweetness, emotional beauty, Sufi spirituality and historicity of its language is not seen. The poet has created this epic with the sum of folk, imagination and history. Jayasi has created the 'Padmavat' by combining the legend of Jauhar of Padmini, the queen of Choudaur, in the legend of the popular queen and Sugge of Awadh province. This epic is a mirror of medieval India. It shows the social, cultural, political and historical splendor of erstwhile Indian society. Various scholars of Hindi literature have examined the historicity of 'Padmavat' in their own way. It is possible to test its historicity with important historical sources such as archaeological remains, inscriptions, contemporary literary texts and history books. Before examining the historicity of this work, it is mandatory to get information about the history of its creator. हिन्दी साहित्याकाश में ‘पद्मावत’ दैदिप्यमान् नक्षत्र है। जायसी ने 16 वीं सदी में ठेठ अवधी भाषा में इस महाकाव्य का सृजन किया था। इसकी भाषा की मिठास, भाव सौंदर्य, सूफी अध्यात्म और ऐतिहासिकता देखते नहीं बन पड़ती है। कवि ने इस महाकाव्य का सृजन लोक, कल्पना और इतिहास के योग से की है। जायसी ने अवध प्रांत की लोकप्रचलित रानी और सुग्गे की कथा में चिŸाौड़ की रानी पद्मिनी के जौहर की कथा का सम्मिश्रण कर, ‘पद्मावत’ का सृजन किया है। यह महाकाव्य मध्यकालीन भारतवर्ष का दर्पण है। इसमें तत्कालीन भारतीय समाज की सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक, राजनीतिक और ऐतिहासिक वैभव दिखाई देता है। हिन्दी साहित्य के विभिन्न विद्वानों ने ‘पद्मावत’ की ऐतिहासिकता की परीक्षा अपने-अपने ढंग से की है। महत्वपूर्ण ऐतिहासिक स्त्रोत जैसे- पुरातात्विक अवशेष, शिलालेख, समकालीन साहित्यक ग्रंथ एवं इतिहास की पुस्तकों से इसकी ऐतिहासिकता की परीक्षा संभव है। इस रचना की ऐतिहासिकता की परीक्षा से पूर्व इसके रचनाकार के इतिहास के विषय में जानकारी प्राप्त करना अनिवार्य है।

scholarly journals Heke Mai Ki Ahau Nei E! Roka Paora's Contributions To Tukunga Iho A Te Whānau-a-Apanui And Te Reo O Te Whānau-a-Apanui

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Parehau Richards
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Kaupapa Māori ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Throughout the twentieth century Te Whānau-a-Apanui scholars continued to assert distinctive features of Te Whānau-a-Apanui identity through both literary and non-literary texts. Roka Pahewa Paora contributed to this important work by producing Māori texts for Māori language students and the community. Those texts became well-known in the field of Māori education for asserting distinctive features of te reo o Te Whānau-a-Apanui. This thesis explores a selection of tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui, kōrero tuku iho and taonga tuku iho, to illustrate how Roka and other Te Whānau-a-Apanui scholars before and after her have embraced and passed down tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui by renewing or extending core elements, otherwise referred to in this thesis as the iho, of earlier tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui.   Specifically, this thesis examines Roka’s published writings ‘Ka Haere a Hata Mā Ki te Hī Moki’ (Paora, 1971) and ‘He Kōrero Mō te Mahi Wēra i Te Whānau-a-Apanui’ (Paora in Moorfield, 1992) as extensions of earlier tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui about moki and whales. My analysis focuses on how Roka applied the knowledge, language and history of earlier tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui to her writings to assert te reo o Te Whānau-a-Apanui. Therefore, this thesis uses a tukunga iho framework to illustrate familial and intellectual connections between and across a selection of tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui and the tribal scholars that produced them. Roka’s writings and archive are repositories of important tukunga iho and provide connections to tribal, Māori and non-Māori scholars who offer insights and interpretations of mātauranga Māori that have been applied to Māori studies paradigms and kaupapa Māori. This wider range of knowledge, language and historical sources also help me to show how tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui contain important insights into the social, cultural and economic contexts in which my ancestors embraced, extended and passed down tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui. Overall, this thesis offers twenty-first century interpretations of tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui and how they assert te reo o Te Whānau-a-Apanui.</p>

scholarly journals Heke Mai Ki Ahau Nei E! Roka Paora's Contributions To Tukunga Iho A Te Whānau-a-Apanui And Te Reo O Te Whānau-a-Apanui

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Parehau Richards
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Kaupapa Māori ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Throughout the twentieth century Te Whānau-a-Apanui scholars continued to assert distinctive features of Te Whānau-a-Apanui identity through both literary and non-literary texts. Roka Pahewa Paora contributed to this important work by producing Māori texts for Māori language students and the community. Those texts became well-known in the field of Māori education for asserting distinctive features of te reo o Te Whānau-a-Apanui. This thesis explores a selection of tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui, kōrero tuku iho and taonga tuku iho, to illustrate how Roka and other Te Whānau-a-Apanui scholars before and after her have embraced and passed down tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui by renewing or extending core elements, otherwise referred to in this thesis as the iho, of earlier tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui.   Specifically, this thesis examines Roka’s published writings ‘Ka Haere a Hata Mā Ki te Hī Moki’ (Paora, 1971) and ‘He Kōrero Mō te Mahi Wēra i Te Whānau-a-Apanui’ (Paora in Moorfield, 1992) as extensions of earlier tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui about moki and whales. My analysis focuses on how Roka applied the knowledge, language and history of earlier tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui to her writings to assert te reo o Te Whānau-a-Apanui. Therefore, this thesis uses a tukunga iho framework to illustrate familial and intellectual connections between and across a selection of tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui and the tribal scholars that produced them. Roka’s writings and archive are repositories of important tukunga iho and provide connections to tribal, Māori and non-Māori scholars who offer insights and interpretations of mātauranga Māori that have been applied to Māori studies paradigms and kaupapa Māori. This wider range of knowledge, language and historical sources also help me to show how tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui contain important insights into the social, cultural and economic contexts in which my ancestors embraced, extended and passed down tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui. Overall, this thesis offers twenty-first century interpretations of tukunga iho a Te Whānau-a-Apanui and how they assert te reo o Te Whānau-a-Apanui.</p>

Voices and Visions: Mind, Body and Affect in Medieval Writing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
History Of Disease ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Texts

A properly critical medical humanities is also a historically grounded medical humanities. Such historical grounding requires taking a long cultural perspective, going beyond traditional medical history – typically the history of disease, treatment and practice – to trace the origins and development of the ideas that underpin medicine in its broadest sense – ideas concerning the most fundamental aspects of human existence: health and illness, body and mind, gender and family, care and community. Historical sources can only go so far in illuminating such topics; we must also look to other cultural texts, and in particular literary texts, which, through their imaginative worlds, provide crucial insights into cultural and intellectual attitudes, experience and creativity. Reading from a critical medical humanities perspective requires not only cultural archaeology across a range of discourses, but also putting past and present into conversation, to discover continuities and contrasts with later perspectives. Medical humanities research is illuminated by cultural and literary studies, and also brings to them new ways of seeing; the relation is dynamic. This chapter explores the ways mind, body and affect are constructed and intersect in medieval thought and literature, with a particular focus on how voice-hearing and visionary experience are portrayed and understood.

Towards a GIS Analysis of Literary Cultures: The Making of the Slovenian Ethnoscape Through Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-218
Author(s):  
Marko Juvan ◽  
Joh Dokler
Keyword(s):  
Literary Culture ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Spatial Turn ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Reciprocal Influence ◽  
Discourse Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Literary Cultures ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Ideology

This article presents methodological starting points, heuristics and the results of a GIS-based analysis of the history of Slovenian literary culture from the 1780s to 1941. The ethnically Slovenian territory was multilingual and multicultural; it belonged to different state entities with distant capitals, which was reflected in the spatial dynamic of literary culture. The research results have confirmed the hypotheses of the research project ‘The Space of Slovenian Literary Culture,’ which were based on postulates of the spatial turn: the socio-geographical space influenced the development of literature and its media, whereas literature itself, through its discourse, practices and institutions, had a reciprocal influence on the apprehension and structuring of that space, as well as on its connection with the broader region. Slovenian literary discourse was able to manifest itself in public predominantly through the history of spatial factors: (a) the formation, territorial expansion and concentration of the social network of literary actors and media; (b) the persistent references of literary texts to places that were recognized by addressees as Slovenian, thereby grounding a national ideology. Taking all of this into account, and based on meta-theoretical reflection, the project aims to contribute to the development of digital humanities and spatial literary studies.

scholarly journals Public charity as the activity of Ust-Sysolsk “local community” in the second half of XIX century

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Anna K. Gagieva
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The article discusses the social charity of “local community” in Ust -Sysolsk in the second half of the XIX century. We define “local community” as a voluntary, self-determining citizens association, designed or not properly executed legally for the solution of urgent problems of non-productive and non-commercial nature. The aim of the work is to study public charity as an activity of “local community” in Ust-Sysolsk in the second half of the XIX century. The provisions of the work can be used for educational and methodological materials on the subject “History of Finno-Ugric regions and countries”, “History of everyday life”, “History of the Komi Republic” and others. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach, which includes structural, legal, historical and other methods of research. The materials are based on published and unpublished historical sources, such as legislative materials, statistics, documentation, as well as archival materials. Central Russia and the Urals had already introduced charities in the mid of XX century, while in the research area public charity was just beginning and was manifested through the social work of the Russian Orthodox Church, amateur associations and companies. Forms of public charity varied: fundraising, purchase of tools, equipment and materials for events and others. Public charity, “local community”, in Ust-Sysolsk developed within the framework of modernization processes of the second half of the nineteenth century. It led to the evolution of «local community» into a civil society. The emergence of new public organizations and active public charity contributed to the development of new forms of self-organization. In the city of Ust-Sysolsk, there was an upsurge of public life and public performance. The appearance of self-governing organizations “local community” was facilitated by the loyal policies of the district and provincial government. As historical sources show that we can talk about mutual understanding and cooperation between the authorities and the “local community”. Carrying out public charity, it provided public functions of traditional culture maintenance, the organization of leisure, cultural and educational activities.

scholarly journals Portrait de l’écrivain en autodidacte

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Biron
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Value ◽  
The Self ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Literary Representations ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quebec Literature ◽  
The Revolution

L’écrivain devient rarement écrivain par les voies traditionnelles de l’école. En ce sens, il constitue toujours à quelque degré un autodidacte. Toutefois, la valeur sociale d’une telle figure, qu’il s’agisse de l’écrivain lui-même ou d’un personnage de fiction, varie considérablement selon les cultures et les époques. Dans La Nausée de Jean-Paul Sartre, l’Autodidacte est un personnage complexé qui envie le savoir et la culture de Roquentin. À l’inverse, on trouve nombre de textes littéraires où la figure de l’autodidacte est valorisée. C’est particulièrement vrai dans l’histoire de la littérature québécoise, depuis le XIXe siècle jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Cet article propose d’en faire la démonstration à travers une série d’exemples tirés de chacune des périodes, mais en insistant sur la figure de « l’autodidacte exemplaire » propre à la Révolution tranquille, qui oppose la culture comme désir à la culture comme héritage scolaire. Abstract A writer becomes rarely a writer through studying at school. Speaking of a self-made writer would seem tautological since every writer could pretend to be one at some extent. Nevertheless, the social value of the self-made writer and of it’s literary representations vary a lot from a country to another, and from a period of time to another. In La Nausée from Jean-Paul Sartre, the character of “L’Autodidacte” envy Roquentin’s background and try to walk in his step. At the opposite, there are many examples of literary texts where the self-made is appreciated, if not admired as the true possessor of culture. It’s often the case in the history of Quebec’s literature, from 19th century up to now. This article try to demonstrate such fortune of the self-made by studying examples of Quebec literature chosen in each of the main periods, but especially during the “Révolution tranquille” around the “autodidacte exemplaire” who refuse the culture as inheritance and worship culture as personal desire.

Zur Autonomie indirekter Redewiedergabe – Eine diachrone Perspektive

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-101
Author(s):  
Ulrike Demske
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Verbal Mood

Abstract Regarding verbal mood and complementation patterns of reporting verbs, the distinction between direct and indirect reported speech is well established in present-day German. This paper looks into the history of German: Common knowledge has it that both the use of verbal mood as well as the quality of clause linkage undergo considerable changes giving rise to the question how these changes affect the manifestations of indirect reported speech in earlier stages of German. The historical record of the 16th century (with an outlook on the 17th century) shows that the distinction between direct and indirect reported speech is not yet grammaticalized in historical sources at the time. In particular with respect to dependent (in)direct reported speech, both types prefer V2-complements with only verbal mood differentiating between the types. Although present and past subjunctive have a much wider distribution in earlier stages of German, the occurrence of free indirect speech likewise testifies to its increasing use as a marker of indirect reported speech. The growing conventionalization of patterns of indirect reported speech in the course of Early Modern German may be considered as an example for an increase of subjectification in its development.

Kinship and Friendship: The Perception of Family by Clergy and Laity in Late Medieval London

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Murray
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Popular Piety ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rural England

One of the most persistent and frustrating problems which the social historian faces is that of gaining access to private lives in the past. This is true for all periods, but it is especially so for the Middle Ages. There are some letters available, but they tend to be scarce and limited in nature. Another type of document which proves a useful means of entry into medieval life is the testament. The information it contains is often of an intensely personal nature and allows the reader to understand the testator's relationships with others.The wealth of information contained in testaments is only beginning to be fully exploited. In his article “Fifteenth and Sixteenth-Century Wills as Historical Sources,” Michael L. Zell has demonstrated the breadth of information which these documents contain and points the way to many areas of further investigation. The usefulness of testamentary evidence to trace inheritance patterns and the disposition of property is well established. Eleanor S. Riemer has used testaments from Siena to examine the economic position of women. W. K. Jordan used wills extensively in his three volume study of charity in urban and rural England. More recently, Joel T. Rosenthal employed them to study gift-giving patterns among the English aristocracy. Wills have been used as sources for the study of religious values and popular piety, as a means of investigating the patterns of epidemic disease, and of tracing the spread of literacy. Historians have also begun to use testamentary evidence in the investigation of family life. For the history of the English family, the use of testamentary evidence is just beginning.

scholarly journals Correction of the object of social experiments D. A. Stolypin

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
O. М. Приймак ◽  
Ю. O. Приймак
Keyword(s):  
Social Experiment ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Social Experiments ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Economic Ties

The publication deals with the problem of correction of an object that occurred during the social experiment carried out by one of the first Russian sociologists, a follower of Auguste Comte, Dmitry Arkadievich Stolypin (1818 – 1893). In accordance with the level of development of sociological science of the last quarter of the XIX century the definition of the concept of «social experiment» was formulated. The reasons for the social experiment, conducted by D.A. Stolypin during 1874 – 1893 in Mordvinovka Village of Berdyansk District of Taurida Governorate (present Mordvinovka Village in Melitopol District of Zaporozhye Region) were identified. Among them, as the main ones, are indicated the crisis of landlord economy and peasant land shortage, in the conditions of the development of agrarian capitalism in the south of Ukraine. It is proved that the goal of the social experiment completely coincided with the direction of the search for social support in the village by the imperial top. The analysis of historical sources allowed the authors to establish that its essence was to create rental farms on landowner lands increasing the profitability of the latter and to popularize among the local peasantry the leading forms of intensive local economic management. Research revealed that in accordance with the sociological concept of D.A. Stolypin local peasants were the object of the experiment, who were asked to break economic ties with the rural community and get the farm in the medium-term lease. The formulation of criteria for comparative analysis made it possible to distinguish three stages in the course of the experiment – 1874-1877 years, 1878-1888 years, 1889-1893 years. The main argument in favor of such approach was not the fact of introducing changes in lease agreements with farmers as much as the involvement of peasants from different social strata in the experiment. Authors found that at the first stage farmers were the representatives of the kulak and prosperous strata of the peasantry, at the second – among the wealthy tenants there were peasants of medium welfare, and at the third – the wealthy and middle peasants were equally divided. The intermediate results of the social experiments by D.A. Stolypin, which were researched in terms of improvements of material facilities, increasing the area of cultivated land and monetary incomes, including farmers in the channels of upward vertical social mobility and changing their social status. At the same time, the article emphasizes that scientific heritage of O. Comte, A. Smith, G. Spencer, as well as the foreign experience of agrarian transformations and knowledge of local economic traditions which were used by sociologist-amateur betrayed the ideas of the formed farm settlement. Social experiment D.A. Stolypin is described in the publication as the longest in the history of national sociology.

Individuality and Achievement in South Indian Social History

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattison Mines
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Importance

One of the unresolved issues of Indian anthorpology is how to characterize and weigh the social importance of individuality and achievement in Indian social history. Of course, the individual as ‘empirical agent’ exists in India as everywhere (Dumont 1970a:9), yet because Hindu culture stresses collective identities over those of the individual, individual achievement, which is a measure of individuality, has been overlooked and sometimes outrightly rejected as a cause of history and social order (Dumont 1970a:107; 1970b; cf. Silverberg 1968). In consequence, the motivations underlying achievement that might explain historic action have also been ignored. This undervaluing of individuality and achievement has given rise to a long debate among South Asianists about the role of the individual in Indian society (e.g., Marriott 1968, 1969; Tambiah 1972:835; Beteille 1986, 1987), a debate that raises questions in wider arenas about the nature of society and culture in relation to individuals (e.g. Brown 1988; Mines 1988).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document