scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM OF SURFACE AND DEEP LEARNERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Ma. Lourdes C. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Process

This study aimed to determine and describe the conceptual understanding in chemical equilibrium among selected freshman students who were classified as surface and deep learners. Data were gathered utilizing study process questionnaire and conceptual understanding test. This study involved two intact classes of 58 engineering students enrolled in General Chemistry II and was conducted for three weeks. Using the study process questionnaire, students were classified as either surface or deep learners. After the lesson on chemical equilibrium, conceptual understanding test was given to the students. Students were then grouped into six based on their learning approaches and level of conceptual understanding. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the class (53%) are deep learners while 47% are surface learners. Using t-test analysis, surface and deep learners differ in the scores they obtained on concepts about factors affecting equilibrium. Chi square test of independence also showed that surface and deep learners significantly differ from each other in terms of their level of conceptual understanding on factors affecting equilibrium concepts. The results of t-test and chi-square test revealed that there could be times that differences between surface and deep learners could only be seen when tested across different concepts within a certain topic.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Expression of Anti-HBs in Children in Hunan Province

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Tan ◽  
Shizhou Li ◽  
Jianxiang Dong ◽  
Hongmei Dai ◽  
Minghua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background and objectives Vaccine is the most essential avenue to prevent hepatitis B infection in infants and preschool children in China, with the largest populations carrying hepatitis B virus in the world. This study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the response level of anti-HBs in children, with a view to provide instructions for hepatitis B prevention clinically. MethodsThe children taking physical examinations in the Third Xiangya Hospital from January 2013 to April 2020 were recruited. Telephone follow-up were adopted to collect further information. Univariate logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship between age and anti-HBs expression. After grouping by age and anti-HBs expression, we used chi-square test and T test to compare the difference between positive and negative antibody expression in each age subgroup. The meaningful variables (P<0.10) in chi-square test and T test were assessed with collinearity and chosen for univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis by the stepwise backward maximum likelihood method (αin=0.05, αout=0.10).ResultsA total of 5838 samples (3362 males, 57.6%) were enrolled. The outcomes showed that the expression of anti-HBs was associated with age [OR=1.037(1.022-1.051)] in whole sample. Anemia[OR=0.392(0.185-0.835)], age[OR=2.542(1.961-3.295)] and Vit D[OR=0.977(0.969-0.984)] in 0.5-2.99 years subgroup, Zinc deficiency[OR=0.713(0.551-0.923] and age[OR=1.151(1.028-1.289)] in 3-5.99 years subgroup, Vit D[OR=0.983(0.971-0.995)] in 12-18 years subgroup had significant effect on the expression of anti-HBs. Conclusions This retrospective study illustrated that age, anaemia status, zinc deficiency and vitamin D were associated with the expression of anti-HBs in different age groups children, which could serve as a reference for the prevention of hepatitis.

scholarly journals FACTORS AFFECTING COMMUNITY INTEREST IN SHARIA BANK SAVING PRODUCTS (Studies on the Community of South Tangerang City)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Intan Lilis Sugiarti ◽  
Erika Amelia ◽  
Ade Ananto Terminanto
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Islamic Bank ◽  
Community Interest ◽  
Chi Square Test

This research was conducted to find factors that influence people's preferences on Islamic bank savings products. This study uses primary data in the form of a questionnaire distributed to the people of South Tangerang. They have been or have been a sharia bank savings customer. This study obtained a sample of 133 respondents. To analyze this study, researchers used a factor analysis test and Chi-Square (X2) test using SPSS version 24. The factor analysis test results from this study indicate that nine factors can influence people's preferences on Islamic bank savings products. Factors formed successively include guarantee and equality of profit-sharing results, product feature factors, product quality factors, profit-sharing distribution factors, environmental factors, sharia understanding factors, sharia mechanism factors, usability factors, and shariah compliance factors. The chi-square test analysis showed that the characteristics of respondents in the form of gender, age, occupation, last education, and address have a relationship with nine factors formed.

scholarly journals AIR KEMIH (URIN) BEREOSINOFIL DENGAN DUGAAN RADANG SELA GINJAL MENDADAK/NEFRITIS INTERSTISIAL AKUT (NIA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Felly G Sahureka ◽  
Fitriani Mangarengi ◽  
Uleng Bahrun
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

The diagnosis of AIN is performed by the evaluation of clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, radio imaging and biopsyas a gold standard. In most cases, biopsy wasn't performed because it is invasive for the patients, while the diagnosis is just based onthe clinical sign and symptom, and the immunosuppressive therapy is carried out only after the biopsy. Eosinophyluria found in theAIN patients is the parameter that can be measured non invasively, so that urine eosinophyl test was suggested for the diagnosis/earlydetection of AIN. That background cause us to analyze the urine eosinophyl count in suspected AIN patients. A cross sectional studywas conducted from June to August 2008 on 50 suspect AIN patients and 50 of non AIN at the Laboratory of Clinical Pathology,dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar. Urine eosinophyl test performed by Hansel method, samples were analyzed with SPSSfor Windows version 12.0 using T test and Chi-square test. From 50 suspect AIN patients, they consist of 50% men and 50% womenwith the age distribution between 4 and 72 years old. T test analysis showed that the urine eosinophyl count was higher in suspect AIN(2.820 ± 1.955) compare with the non AIN (0.620 ± 0.923), p < 0.001. The Chi-square test showed that there was a significantrelation between eosinophyluria of the suspect AIN patients. That means there is a significantly relation between eosinphyiluria withthe suspect AIN group, where was found the higher urine eosinophyl compare to those non AIN patients. From this study so far, it canbe suggested that urine eosinophyl test can be used for the diagnosis/early detection of AIN.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

HUBUNGAN ANTARA USIA, PARITAS, PEKERJAAN DAN INDEK MASSA TUBUH DENGAN KEJADIAN PROLAP ORGAN PANGGUL BERDASARKAN SKOR PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE QUANTIFICATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Ermawati Ermawati ◽  
Hafni Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Case Control ◽  
T Test ◽  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Control Study

Prolap organ panggul merupakan kondisi yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup wanita. Prolaps organ panggul ini dapat disebabkan oleh perlukaan sewaktu proses persalinan, proses penuaan, komposisi jaringan pada seorang wanita, batuk- batuk kronis, atau sering melakukan pekerjaan berat. Pengenalan dini prolaps terkait dengan prognosis pemulihan anatomik dan fungsional organ panggul. Hingga kini, penerapannya dalam dunia klinis belum banyak sehingga pelatihan dan pembelajaran lebih lanjut tentang pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POPQ) jelas diperlukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode case control study di polikilinik Obgin RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang mulai bulan September 2013 sampai jumlah sampel terpenuhi sebanyak 98 orang. Dengan 49 orang kelompok kontrol dan 49 orang kelompok kasus .Analisis dilakukan untuk menilai hubungan usia, paritas, pekerjaan dan indek massa tubuh dengan kejadian prolap organ panggul berdasarkan skor POPQ. Data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Data diuji dengan t test dan chi square test. Jika p<0,05 menunjukan hasil yang bermakna. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara usia dengan kejadian prolap organ panggul dengan (p<0,05) dan OR 27,871.terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara paritas dengan kejadian prolap organ panggul dengan (p<0,05) dan OR 52,970.Dari analisa statistik pekerjaan tidak bisa di uji secara statistik.indek massa tubuh tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian prolap organ panggul.(p>0,05)

Pregnant women readiness to use the Internet to access health information about pregnancy and childbirth: A cross-sectional study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Ahmadian ◽  
Reza Khajouei ◽  
Sudabeh Kamali ◽  
Moghaddameh Mirzaee ◽  
Arefeh Ameri
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Readiness Assessment ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Chi Square Test

BACKGROUND Today, the Internet may be a promising tool for interventions for pregnant women. However, these kinds of tools are only helpful if users are ready to use them. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted with the aim of readiness assessment of pregnant women to use the Internet to access health information about pregnancy and childbirth. METHODS This study was carried out on a sample of 384 pregnant women. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The first section of this questionnaire collected demographic characteristics of the participants. The second part of the questionnaire contains 27 questions covering the following components: infrastructure readiness (6 questions); affordability readiness (3 questions); and skill readiness (12 questions). Data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and T-test. RESULTS This study was carried out on a sample of 384 pregnant women. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The first section of this questionnaire collected demographic characteristics of the participants. The second part of the questionnaire contains 27 questions covering the following components: infrastructure readiness (6 questions); affordability readiness (3 questions); and skill readiness (12 questions). Data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and T-test. CONCLUSIONS The use of the Internet by pregnant women depends on factors such as infrastructure, affordability, and skills readiness. This study showed that speed and the quality of the Internet, hardware and software availability, affordability of the Internet, and access to the Internet training were factors in measuring E-health readiness assessment. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

scholarly journals Η κατάκτηση της μορφολογίας του επιθέτου στη διδασκαλία της Ελληνικής ως δεύτερης ή ξένης γλώσσας

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Στυλιανή Νεστοράτου
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Η διατριβή έχει ως στόχο την απεικόνιση του επιθέτου της Νέας Ελληνικής που διδάσκεται σε αλλόγλωσσους ενήλικες μαθητές. Η παρουσίαση του επιθέτου πραγματοποιείται με γνώμονα τα μορφολογικά του χαρακτηριστικά. Η στοχοθεσία είναι διπλή. Από τη μία πλευρά, με την Έρευνα Α, επιδιώκεται να παρουσιαστεί η στατική αποτύπωση της εικόνας του επιθέτου σε γραπτές παραγωγές αρχάριων, μέσων και προχωρημένων διδασκομένων της Ελληνικής. Από την άλλη πλευρά, με την Έρευνα Β, υπογραμμίζεται η δυναμική του εικόνα και η εξέλιξή του στη διαγλώσσα των εκπαιδευομένων, οι οποίοι ανήκουν σε όλα τα επίπεδα ελληνομάθειας. Η θεωρητική προσέγγιση της διατριβής στηρίζεται στη Θεωρία της Διαγλώσσας, την Ανάλυση Λαθών, το Σώμα Κειμένων Μαθητικού Λόγου και την Ποσοτική και Στατιστική Ανάλυση Λαθών. Αποτυπώνεται το γλωσσικό εξαγόμενο, η γνώση που έχουν κατακτήσει οι μαθητές, η εκμάθηση του επιθέτου και η επίδραση που έχει η διδασκαλία στην εκμάθησή του. Για τη μελέτη του υιοθετούνται στοχευμένες διδακτικές παρεμβάσεις, η Εστίαση στον Τύπο και η Διεργαστική Διδασκαλία. Αρχικά, κρίνεται απαραίτητη η παρουσίαση του επιθέτου στα Αναλυτικά Προγράμματα διδασκαλίας και στα εγχειρίδια της Ελληνικής ως Γ2. Η ανά χείρας μελέτη θέτει σε νέα βάση το επίθετο, αφού δεν κατηγοριοποιείται σύμφωνα με το γραμματικό γένος, αλλά με κριτήριο τη μορφολογία των πτώσεων, κατά το πρότυπο της Γραμματικής της Νέας Ελληνικής, Δομολειτουργικής – Επικοινωνιακής, των Κλαίρη & Μπαμπινιώτη (2004). Για τους ερευνητικούς σκοπούς της διδακτορικής διατριβής σχεδιάζεται και πραγματοποιείται ποσοτική έρευνα. Η συλλογή των ερευνητικών δεδομένων, που συνθέτουν τη στατική εικόνα του επιθέτου, προκύπτει μέσω της συμπλήρωσης των τεστ ελληνομάθειας και πιο συγκεκριμένα από την καταγραφή του γλωσσικού υλικού που υπάρχει σε δύο τύπους ασκήσεων, έναν ελεγχόμενο και έναν μη ελεγχόμενο. Το δείγμα αποτελούν 198 αλλόγλωσσοι μαθητές, το προφίλ των οποίων περιλαμβάνει το επίπεδο ελληνομάθειας, το φύλο, τη χώρα προέλευσης, τον αριθμό μητρώου και τη βαθμολογία τους. Η συγκέντρωση των ερευνητικών δεδομένων, που συνιστούν τη δυναμική εικόνα του επιθέτου, επιτυγχάνεται σε δύο φάσεις. Πριν από αυτές συλλέγονται ερωτηματολόγια που σχετίζονται με το προφίλ των μαθητών, που περιέχει την ηλικία, τις γλώσσες που ξέρουν, την εκπαίδευσή τους, τη γνώση των Ελληνικών, τη διάρκεια παραμονής στην Ελλάδα, το κίνητρο εκμάθησης και τη σχέση τους με την Ελλάδα. Το δείγμα αποτελούν 99 ξενόγλωσσοι διδασκόμενοι. Στην πρώτη φάση συμπληρώνονται τεστ που περιλαμβάνουν δύο τύπους ασκήσεων, έναν κατευθυνόμενο και έναν μη κατευθυνόμενο. Τρεις εβδομάδες μετά, ακολουθεί η δεύτερη φάση με τρεις τρίωρες διδακτικές παρεμβάσεις και τη συμπλήρωση των ίδιων τεστ από τους ίδιους 99 μαθητές, με σκοπό την παρατήρηση και καταγραφή της εξέλιξης της επίδοσης των διδασκομένων στην κατάκτηση του υπό έρευνα φαινομένου. Αποδεικνύεται, επιβεβαιώνοντας και ευρήματα προηγούμενων ερευνών, πως και στον κατευθυνόμενο και στον μη κατευθυνόμενο τύπο άσκησης, τα περισσότερα λάθη παρατηρούνται στο γένος, μετά στον αριθμό και τέλος, στην πτώση. Πολλά είναι τα λάθη στους τύπους των επιθέτων όταν προσδιορίζουν το ουσιαστικό και όταν υπάρχει συμφωνία του υποκειμένου με το κατηγορούμενο. Τα πιο πολλά λάθη επισημειώνονται στα επίθετα τύπου μεγάλος -η -ο και στο επίθετο πολύς. Ακολουθούν τα λόγια επίθετα τύπου ασθενής -ής -ές, τα επίθετα τύπου σταχτής -ιά -ύ, τα επίθετα σε -ων -ουσα -ον, σε -ης -α -ικο, σε -εις -εισα -εν, σε -ων -ων -ον και στα άκλιτα επίθετα. Από τη στατιστική επεξεργασία των δεδομένων της Έρευνας Α, προκύπτει μια φθίνουσα πορεία, σχεδόν, σε όλους τους τύπους λαθών, ανά επίπεδο κατάκτησης. Από τη στατιστική επεξεργασία των δεδομένων της Έρευνας Β παρουσιάζεται, ξανά, μια φθίνουσα πορεία σε όλους τους λανθασμένους τύπους, ανά επίπεδο κατάκτησης και μάλιστα αναδεικνύεται, μεταξύ του γλωσσικού υλικού της πρώτης και της δεύτερης φάσης, η σαφώς βελτιωμένη εικόνα της απόδοσης των μαθητών στις μορφολογικές δέσμες του επιθέτου συνολικά αλλά και ανά επίπεδο. Για τον έλεγχο στατιστικά σημαντικών διαφορών στις επιδόσεις των δύο τύπων ασκήσεων χρησιμοποιείται ο έλεγχος T-Test για ζεύγη δειγμάτων και το στατιστικό τεστ Chi-Square Test.

scholarly journals Perinatal outcome of term pregnancies with borderline amniotic fluid index: a prospective case control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2047
Author(s):  
Devika V. Desai ◽  
Nigamananda Mishra ◽  
Gayatri V. Savani
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
P Value ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Index ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: It has been since antiquity that the importance of amniotic fluid and fetal growth with perinatal outcome is being documented. But the lacunae lies in studying the relationship between borderline amniotic fluid and perinatal outcome. The following study was undertaken to provide recent data that would help predict perinatal outcome in borderline AFI pregnancies.Methods: About 144 patients were considered in the study OPD/IPD patients in obstetrics and gynecology department in Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and Hospital, with about 72 cases with borderline amniotic fluid index (5-8 cm) and controls with amniotic fluid index ≥9-25 cm. Patients were selected and subjected to history taking, examination, ultrasound test with doppler studies and perinatal outcome documented over a period of one year.Results: The incidence of borderline AFI in my study was 16%. 58% were primigravidas. Meconium stained liquor was found in 18% cases compared to 7% controls. Low birth weight was found in 12.5% cases and 2.7% in controls. On applying statistical test analysis chi square test, it was found that borderline amniotic fluid index in relation to presence of meconium stained amniotic fluid and low birth weight, p value was found to be statistically significant (<0.05).Conclusions: Borderline amniotic fluid and perinatal outcome had significant relationship in terms of meconium stained liquor and birth weight while rest had no significance. Thus, borderline amniotic fluid patients require vigilant fetal surveillance.

Psychiatric Disorders in New Cancer Patients in Semnan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1739-1742
Author(s):  
Nilufar Safaie ◽  
Hadi Zeinali ◽  
Nazila Ghahramanfard ◽  
Majid Mirmohammadkhani ◽  
Mohammadreza Moonesan
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Key Words Cancer ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Introduction & Objective: Definitive diagnosis of cancer in patients, the duration of treatment, and grueling treatment methods can provide a basis for psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety in patients; accordingly, this study was conducted to evaluate the factors affecting these disorders in patients who were newly diagnosed with cancer. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 122 cancer patients in 1397 in Semnan, Iran. Data were collected using the HADS questionnaire. In order to compare the subgroups in terms of frequencies, Chi-square test and, if necessary, more accurate Fisher test were used. Numerical variables were compared using T-test or Mann Whitney U test. Results: In the present study, the mean of total anxiety was about 28.6% and the mean of total depression among patients was 26.2%. 80% of women and 74.3% of people without income had anxiety and there was a significant relationship between gender and income with anxiety in cancer patients (p <0/05). The variables of age, sex, income level, education level were not significantly associated with depression (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Considering the levels of psychiatric disorders, especially anxiety and depression in cancer patients, to control this issue, providing psychiatric interventions in the treatment program of these patients can be effective. Key words: Cancer, Anxiety, Depression, Psychiatric disorders

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